Penampang

Sagital Bola
Mata
Oleh:
Muhammad Raflie Ghifarie
712019056

Pembimbing:
dr. Septiani Nadra Indawaty, Sp.M
Pendahuluan
 Bidang sagital adalah bidang vertikal
yang melalui pertengahan tubuh dan
membagi tubuh menjadi bagian kanan
dan kiri yang sama besar

 Bola Mata (Bulbus Oculi) tersusun atas

beberapa lapisan lapisan luar (fibrosa)
bola mata, lapisan tengah (vaskular) bola
mata, Lapisan dalam bola mata.
Penampang sagital bola mata
Sklera
 Sklera adalah pembungkus fibrosa peiindung mata di
bagian luar, yang hampir seluruhnya terdiri atas kolagen.
 Jaringan ini padat dan berwarna putih serta berbatasan
dengan kornea di sebelah anterior dan duramater nervus
opticus di posterior.
 Lamina cribrosa adalah daerah sclera yang ditembus
oleh serabut-serabut nervus opticus.
 Sclera juga ditembus oleh arteri dan nervus ciliaris dan
pembuluh venanya, yaitu venae vorticosae.
 Pada tempat insersi musculi recti, tebal sklera sekitar
 0,3 mm; di tempat lain tebalnya sekitar 0,5 mm.
Kornea
 Kornea membentuk penutup luar bola mata (Tunica fibrosa bulbi).
 Berbentuk seperti cakram konveks,
 Kornea dewasa rata-rata mempunyai tebal 550 µm di pusatnya;
diameter horizontalnya sekitar 11,75 mm dan vertikalnya 10,6 mm.
 Dari anterior ke posterior, kornea mempunyai lima lapisan yang
berbeda-beda: lapisan epitel (yang berbatasan dengan lapisan
epitel konjungtiva bulbaris), lapisan Bowman, stroma, membran
Descemet, dan lapisan endotel.

 Kornea  merefleksikan cahaya yang masuk ke mata.

 Aliran darah kornea  avaskular dan tidak memiliki
aliran limfe.
 Persarafan  Nervi ciliares longi dari divisi opthalmica
nervus trigeminus
Iris

● Iris adalah diaphragma berpigmen yang tipis dan kontraktil dengan

lubang di tengahnya, yaitu pupil
● Iris terletak bersambungan dengan permukaan anterior lensa,
memisahkan bilik mata depan dari bilik mata belakang, yang
masing-masing berisi aqueous humor.
● Pendarahan iris didapat dari circulus major iris
● Persarafan sensoris iris melalui serabut-serabut dalam nervi
ciliares.
● Iris mengendalikan banyaknya cahaya yang masuk ke dalam mata.
Ukuran pupil pada prinsipnya ditentukan oleh keseimbangan
antara konstriksi akibat aktivitas parasimpatis yang dihantarkan
melalui nervus kranialis III dan dilatasi yang ditimbulkan oleh
aktivitas simpatis
Corpus Siliaris

● Corpus ciliare, yang secara kasar berbentuk segitiga pada potongan

melintang, membentang ke depan dari ujung anterior koroid ke
pangkal iris (sekitar 6 mm).
● Corpus ciliare terdiri atas zona anterior yang berombak-ombak,
pars plicata (2 mm), dan zona posterior yang datar, pars plana (4
mm).
● Processus ciliares berasal dari pars plicata terbentuk dari kapiler
dan vena yang bermuara ke vena-vena vorticosa.
● Musculus ciliaris terdiri atas serabut-serabut otot polos merldianal
dan sirkular. Serabut meridianal berjalan ke belakang dari area
limbus corneae menuju ke processus ciliaris.
Koroid

● Koroid adalah segmen posterior uvea, di antara retina dan sklera.

● Koroid tersusun atas tiga lapis pembuluh darah koroid; besar,
sedang, dan kecil. Semakin dalam pembuluh terletak di dalam
koroid, semakin lebar lumennya
● Koroid di sebelah dalam dibatasi oleh membran Bruch dan di
sebelah luar oleh sklera.
Retina
Retina  lembaran jaringan saraf berlapis yang
tipis dan semitransparan yang melapisi bagian
dalam 2/3 posterior dinding bola mata.

Retina terdiri dari pars pigmentosa di sebelah

luar dan pars nervosa di sebelah dalam.

Retina berisi 2 macam Photoreseptor:

1. Sel Kerucut (cones), berfungsi terhadap
penglihatan warna, cahaya dengan intensitas
tinggi dan penglihatan sentral (ketajaman
penglihatan)
2. Sel Batang (Rod), berperan untuk melihat
cahaya dengan intensitas rendah, tidak dapat
melihat warna, untuk penglihatan perifer dan
orientasi ruangan
Retina

● Pada pusat bagian posterior retina terdapat daerah lonjong

kekuningan, macula lutea, yang merupakan area retina dengan
daya lihat yang paling jelas.
● Ditengahnya terdapat lekukan, disebut fovea centralis.
● Nervus opticus meninggalkan retina kira-kira 3 mm dari sisi medial
macula lutea melalui discus nervi optici.
● Discus nervi optici agak cekung pada bagian tengahnya, yaitu
merupakan tempat di mana nervus opticus ditembus oleh arteria
centralis retinae.
● Pada discus nervi optici tidak terdapat selsel batang dan kerucut,
sehingga tidak peka terhadap cahaya dan disebut sebagai "bintik
buta".
Retina

Lapisan-lapisan retina :
● Lapisan epitel pigmen
● Lapisan fotoreseptor (lapisan batang dan
kerucut, penerima cahaya)
● Lembran limitan eksterna
● Lapisan nuklear luar (nukleus dari batang
dan kerucut)
● Lapisan flexiform luar
● Lapisan nuklear dalam (nukleus dari sel
bipoler)
● Lapisan flexiform dalam
● Lapisan sel-sel ganglion
● Lapisan serabut saraf (axon dari sel-sel
ganglion)
● Membrana limitan interna
Isi Bola Mata
Aqueous Humor
Aqueous humor  cairan bening yang mengisi
camera anterior dan camera posterior bulbi,
diproduksi oleh corpus ciliare

Setelah memasuki bilik mata belakang,

aqueous humor melalui pupil dan masuk ke
bilik mata depan, dan keluar melalui celah yang
ada di angulus indocornealis masuk ke dalam
sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm).

Hambatan aliran keluar aqueous humor

mengakibatkan peningkatan TIO  glaukoma.

Fungsi : menyokong dinding bola mata dengan

memberikan tekanan dari dalam, sehingga
menjaga bentuk bola mata. Cairan ini juga
memberi makan pada cornea dan lensa dan
mengangkut hasil-hasil metabolisme.
Corpus Vitreum

Corpus vitreum mengisi bola mata di belakang

lensa dan merupakan gel yang transparan

Fungsi :
• membantu meningkatkan daya pembesaran
mata,
• menyokong permukaan posterior lensa, dan
• membantu melekatkan pars nervosa ke pars
pigmentosa retina.
Lensa

Lensa  struktus bikonveks, avascular, tak

berwarna dan hampir transparan sempurna.

Ukuran  tebal 4mm, diameter 9mm.

Fungsi : memfokuskan cahaya di retina

Lensa tergantung pada zonula di belakang iris;

zonula menghubungkannya dengan corpus
ciliare.

Anterior lensa  aqueous humor

Posterior lensa  vitreus humor

Tidak ada serat nyeri, pembuluh darah, atau

saraf di lensa.
Nervus

N. Opticus
N. Occulomotorius
N. Trochlearis
N. Abducen
N. Opthalmicus (V1): N. lakrimalis, N. Frontalis, N. Nasociliaris
Parasimpatis
Simpatis
 Vaskularisasi

Terutama disuplai oleh arteri ophtalmikus (cabang arteri
carotis interna) dan infraorbitalis (cabang arteri carotis
eksterna).
Arteri ophtalmikus memiliki banyak cabang yang
mensuplai daerah tertentu.
Arteri yang mensuplai retina adalah arteri retina central.
Arteri ini berjalan dibawah nervus optikus dan masuk ke
bola mata melalui papil optic. Arteri ini mensuplai
permukaan interna retina.
Vena utama adalah vena infra orbital dan
vena optalmika inferior dan superior.
Vena optalmika inferior dan superior
bergabung menjadi vena sentralis retina.
Vena ini masuk ke fissura orbitalis
superior
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Agenda

01 02 03
About the Patient Discussion Diagnosis
Here you could describe Here you could describe Here you could describe
the topic of the section the topic of the section the topic of the section

04 05 06
Treatment Monitoring Case Timeline
Here you could describe Here you could describe Here you could describe
the topic of the section the topic of the section the topic of the section
Patient Medical History

Age: 32 years Despite being red, Mars

2018
is a cold place
Gender: Female

Venus is the second

Allergies: None 2019
planet from the Sun

City: NY
Mercury is the closest
Country: USA 2020
planet to the Sun
01
Introduction
Mercury is actually the closest
planet to the Sun and also the
smallest planet in the entire
Solar System
 Identifying the Information

Jupiter is a gas giant and Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
the biggest one in the planet to the Sun and is a cold place full of
Solar System the smallest one iron oxide dust
A Picture Always
Reinforces the
Concept
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest one in the entire
Solar System
Mercury
Mercury is actually the
closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the
Solar System
 Mercury
Review of 01
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun

Systems 02
It’s the smallest planet
in the Solar System
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place It’s only a bit larger
03
than the Moon

It was named after the

04
Roman messenger god
 Physical Examination

Venus Mars
Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
name, but is terribly hot actually a cold place

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the smallest Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the Solar System planet in the Solar System
342,500
Big numbers catch your
audience's attention
 Findings

Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but is terribly hot

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data and
paste the resulting graph here, replacing this one
 Discussion

Dr. Ava Jordan Dr. Ralph Lee Dr. Melissa Jones

“Mercury is the smallest “Despite being red, Mars “Neptune is the eighth
planet in the entire Solar is now a cold place full of and farthest-known
System” iron oxide dust” planet from the Sun”
Discussion Summary
01
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a very cold place

02
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Comparison

Jupiter Mercury Venus Mars

It’s the closest planet

to the Sun

It’s the smallest one in

the Solar System

It’s only a bit larger

than the Moon

It was named after the

Roman messenger god
A Picture is
Worth a
Thousand
Words
Infographics Make Your Idea Understandable

Venus Mars
Venus is the second Despite being red,
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas giant
smallest planet and the biggest one
Diagnosis
Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is composed of
actually a cold place hydrogen and helium

Venus Earth
Venus is the second planet Earth is the third planet
from the Sun from the Sun

Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is the biggest planet Neptune is the farthest
in the Solar System planet from the Sun
This is a Map

Despite being red,

Mars is a cold place

Jupiter is a gas giant

and the biggest one
References
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

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● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

 Case Timeline

Day 01 Day 02 Day 03 Day 04

Mars Saturn Venus Earth

Despite being red, it’s It’s composed of It’s the second one It’s the third planet
a cold place hydrogen and helium from the Sun from the Sun
 Post-Prevention

Venus Mars
Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
name, but is terribly hot actually a very cold place

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the smallest Jupiter is a gas giant and
planet in the Solar System the biggest planet
 Our Team

Dr. Paul James Dr. Susan Smith

Here you could give a brief Here you could give a brief
description about this person description about this person
Conclusions
Mercury is actually the
closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the
entire Solar System
Thanks
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