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Chapter 6: Subnetting

IP Networks

Introduction to Networking

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Network Segmentation
Reasons for Subnetting
Jaringan besar perlu disegmentasi ke dalam sub-jaringan yang
lebih kecil, membuat kelompok perangkat dan layanan yang
lebih kecil untuk:
 Meng Kontrol lalu lintas dalam subnetwork
 Mengurangi lalu lintas jaringan secara keseluruhan dan
meningkatkan kinerja jaringan
Subnetting - proses segmentasi jaringan menjadi beberapa kelompok
jaringan yang lebih kecil yang disebut subnetworks atau Subnets.

Komunikasi Antar Subnet


 Router diperlukan untuk menghubungkan subnet yang berbeda
untuk dapat berkomunikasi.
 Router difungsikan sebagai gateway default bagi Subnet dan
Jaringan dibawahnya.

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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
IP Subnetting is FUNdamental

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 Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Basic Subnetting
Berikut adalah Default subnet untuk setiap Kelas IP V4

Mengacu pada table diatas maka dapat di subnet:


Kelas A : Dapat di subnet dengan menambahkan bit mask / Prefix Length
/9 sd /32
Kelas B : Dapat di subnet dengan menambahkan bit mask / Prefix Length
/17 sd /32
Kelas C : Dapat di subnet dengan menambahkan bit mask / Prefix Length
/25 sd /32

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Determining the Subnet Mask
Subnetting Network-Based Requirements
Formula Cara menghitung Jumlah Subnet :

2^n (dimana n jumlah bit 1 yang ditambahkan)


 Subnet needed
for each
department in
graphic

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Determining the Subnet Mask
Subnetting Based on Host Requirements
Ada dua pertimbangan saat merencanakan subnet:
 Jumlah Subnet diperlukan
 Jumlah alamat Host diperlukan

Formula untuk menentukan jumlah host yang bisa


digunakan :
2^h-2
2^h (dimana h adalah jumlah Host / bit O yang tersisa) untuk
menghtung jumlah host yang dapat digunakan.
-2 Subnetwork ID dan broadcast address cannot tidak dapat
dipakai untuk subnet.

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 Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Basic Subnetting
 Menambahkan bit 1 pada Host Porstion
 Menambahkan 1 bit 21 = 2 subnets
 Berikut menambahkan 1 bit pada /24 menjadi /25

Borrowing 1 Bit from the host portion creates 2 subnets with the same subnet mask

Subnet 0 Subnet 1
Network 192.168.1.0-127/25 Network 192.168.1.128-255/25
Mask: 255.255.255.128 Mask: 255.255.255.128
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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Subnetting Formulas
Menghitung Jumlah Subnet /25

Menghitung Jumlah Host /25

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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Lanjutan subnet /24 menjadi /25

Subnet 0
Network 192.168.1.0-127/25

Subnet 1
Network 192.168.1.128-255/25

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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Creating 4 Subnets
Menambahkan 2 bits untuk membuat 4 subnets. 22 = 4
subnets

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Contoh Subnetting (1):
IP Address 192.168.1.0
Mask 255.255.255.128 /25
Mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

 Berapakah Jumlah Subnet / Network yang dapat Dibuat?


 Berapakah Jumlah Host per Subnet / Network ?
 Host Ip Address pada masing2 subnet ?

 Jumlah Subnet : 2^1 =2 (1 adalah jumlah bit 1 yang ditambahkan)


 Jumlah Host per Subnet : 2^7 = 128 (7 adalah jumlah bit 0 tersisa)

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Contoh Subnetting (1) :
IP Address 192.168.1.0
Mask 255.255.255.128 /25
Mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

 Host Ip Address pada masing2 subnet dapat dicari:


Dimana Ada 2 subnet yaitu :

Subnet I : 192.168.1.0/25
Ip address : 192.168.1.0 sd 192.168.1.127 (128 Host)
Subnet II : 192.168.1.128/25
Ip Address : 192.168.1.128 sd 192.168.1.255 (128 Host)

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Contoh Subnetting (2):
IP Address 192.168.1.0
Mask 255.255.255.192 /26
Mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

 Berapakah Jumlah Subnet / Network yang dapat Dibuat?


 Berapakah Jumlah Host per Subnet / Network ?
 Host Ip Address pada masing2 subnet ?

 Jumlah Subnet : 2^2 =4 (2 adalah jumlah bit 1 yang ditambahkan)


 Jumlah Host per Subnet : 2^6 = 64 (6 adalah jumlah bit 0 tersisa)

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Contoh Subnetting (2):
IP Address 192.168.1.0
Mask 255.255.255.192 /26
Mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

 Host Ip Address pada masing2 subnet dapat dicari :


Dimana ada 4 subnet yaitu :
 Subnet I : 192.168.1.0/26
 Ip address : 192.168.1.0 sd 192.168.1.63 (64 Host)
 Subnet II : 192.168.1.64/26
 Ip address : 192.168.1.64 sd 192.168.1.127 (64 Host)
 Subnet III : 192.168.1.128/26
 Ip address : 192.168.1.128 sd 192.168.1.191 (64 Host)
 Subnet IV : 192.168.1.192/26
 Ip address : 192.168.1.192 sd 192.168.1.255 (64 Host)
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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Creating 8 Subnets
Borrowing 3 bits to Create 8 Subnets. 23 = 8 subnets

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Subnetting an IPv4 Network
Creating 8 Subnets(continued)

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Determining the Subnet Mask
Subnetting To Meet Network Requirements
It is important to balance the number of subnets needed
and the number of hosts required for the largest subnet.
 Design the addressing scheme to accommodate the
maximum number of hosts for each subnet.
Allow for growth in
each subnet.

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Determining the Subnet Mask
Subnetting To Meet Network Requirements (cont)

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Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
Traditional Subnetting Wastes Addresses
Traditional subnetting - same number of addresses is
allocated for each subnet.
Subnets that require fewer addresses have unused
(wasted) addresses. For example, WAN links only need 2
addresses.
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) or subnetting a
subnet provides more efficient use of addresses.

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Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)
VLSM allows a network space to be divided in unequal
parts.
Subnet mask will vary depending on how many bits have
been borrowed for a particular subnet.
Network is first subnetted, and then the subnets are
subnetted again.
Process repeated as necessary to create subnets of
various sizes.

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Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
Basic VLSM

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Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
VLSM in Practice
Using VLSM subnets, the LAN and WAN segments in
example below can be addressed with minimum waste.
 Each LANs will be assigned a subnet with /27 mask.
Each WAN link will be assigned a subnet with /30 mask.

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Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
VLSM Chart

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Structured Design
Planning to Address the Network
Allocation of network addresses should be planned and
documented for the purposes of:
Preventing duplication of addresses
Providing and controlling access
Monitoring security and performance
Addresses for Clients - usually dynamically assigned using
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Sample Network
Addressing Plan

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Subnetting an IPv6 Network
Subnetting Using the Subnet ID
An IPv6 Network Space is subnetted to support
hierarchical, logical design of the network

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Subnetting an IPv6 Network
IPV6 Subnet Allocation

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Subnetting an IPv6 Network
Subnetting into the Interface ID
 IPv6 bits can be borrowed from the interface ID to create
additional IPv6 subnets

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Chapter 9: Summary
 Process of segmenting a network, by dividing it into to
multiple smaller network spaces, is called subnetting.
 Subnetting a subnet, or using Variable Length Subnet
Mask (VLSM) was designed to avoid wasting addresses.
 IPv6 address space is a huge address space so it is
subnetted to support the hierarchical, logical design of
the network not to conserve addresses.
 Size, location, use, and access requirements are all
considerations in the address planning process.
 IP networks need to be tested to verify connectivity and
operational performance.

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