Kanak-Kanak Awal
(Early Childhood) 2-6 Tahun
KELOMPOK 4
• Andi diana damayanti hasba
• Afdellah chairunnisa
• Allisya Salma
• Clarita Emilia
• Denok Widawati
• Ferika Rafaris
• Fitri Nisa
• Vivi Martinah
01 Defenisi
Dalam Psikologi Anak, anak usia 2 – 6 tahun dikenal dengan masa “Kanak-kanak”
(early childhood), karena itu sekolah untuk mereka sering disebut “Taman Kanak-
kanak (TK)”, yang dalam bahasa Arab disebut dengan Raudhatul Athfal (RA) atau
Bustanul Athfal, atau dalam bahasa Belanda disebut Kindergarten. Disebut “Taman”
karena sekolah mereka harus merupakan Taman yang “menyenangkan” untuk belajar,
sebagai persiapan bersekolah, karena itu disebut “prasekolah”.
02 Ciri-Ciri
Adapun ciri-ciri pada masa anak-anak awal ialah :
• Usia yang mengandung masalah atau usia sulit
• Usia mainan
• Usia prasekolah
• Usia belajar kelompok
• Usia menjelajah dan banyak bertanya
• Usia meniru dan kreatif
03 Tugas Perkembangan 04 Perkembangan Fisik
Sedangkan tugas-tugas perkembangan Perkembangan fisik atau tubuh manusia
pada fase ini meliputi : merupakan sistem organ yang kompleks dan
a. Belajar berbicara, misalnya dengan sangat mengagumkan. Kuhlen dan Thompson
belajar menyebut kata ayah, ibu mengemukakan bahwa perkembangan fisik
atau bendabenda sederhana individu meliputi empat aspek, yaitu:
disekitarnya a. Sistem saraf yang sangat mempengaruhi
b. Belajar membedakan jenis kelamin perkembangan kecerdasan dan emosi;
c. Belajar mengadakan hubungan b. Otot-otot yang mempengaruhi perkembangan
emosional selain dengan orang- kekuatan dan kemampuan motorik;
orang terdekatnya c. Kelenjar Endoktrin, yang menyebabkan
d. Belajar membedakan antara hal-hal munculnya pola-pola tingkah laku baru, seperti
yang baik dan yang buruk dan pada usia remaja berkembang perasaan senang
mengembangkan kata hati. untuk aktif dalam suatu kegiatan yang sebagian
e. Membentuk konsep-konsep anggotanya terdiri atas lawan jenis;
pengertian sederhana tentang d. Struktur fisik/tubuh yang meliputi tinggi berat
kenyataan sosial dan alam. dan proporsi.
05 Perkembangan Kognitif
Perkembangan kognisi berarti perkembangan
anak dalam menggunakan kekuatan berfikirnya.
Dalam perkembangan kognitif, anak dalam hal ini
otaknya mulai mengembangkan kemampuan
untuk berfikir, belajar dan mengingat. Imajinasi
anak berkembang sepanjang waktu, dan
pemahaman mental mereka mengenai dunia
menjadi lebih baik.
Pada tingkat ini anak sudah dapat meningkatkan
penggunaan bahasa dengan menirukan perilaku
orang dewasa.
06 Perkembangan Afektif
Masa anak-anak adalah masa perkembangan dari usia 2 tahun sampai dengan usia
6 tahun, pada masa-masa ini perkembangan biologis dan fisik berjalan dengan
sangat cepat dan pesat, akan tetapi secara sosiologisnya anakanak masih sangat
terikat dengan lingkungannya terutama keluarga. Oleh karena itu, pada masa
anak-anak awal ini keluarga sangat berperan penting dalam mempersiapkan anak
untuk terjun ke lingkungan yang lebih luas, terutama lingkungan sekolah.
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