Teknologi

Karet
Pembuatan Dock Fender;
Pengujian Pemampatan
tetap.
Dosen Pengampu : Rochmi Widjajanti
Nama : Galih Putra Asmara Yudha Irawan

NIM : 1521028

Kelas : TK02
 01 Pengertian Karet Fender

Outline 02 Sifat – sifat Karet Fender

03 Jenis – Jenis Karet fender

04 Pengujian pemampatan tetap

05 Video Pembuatan fender &

Pengujian Pemampatan
tetap
Pengertian
Rubber Fender atau karet fender dermaga adalah suatu produk yang dibuat dari karet dan
digunakan sebagai bumper yang dipasang di sisi luar badan kapal maupun dermaga. Rubber fender
dibuat dari berbagai jenis kompon karet sesuai dengan persyaratan yang dibutuhkan dari kondisi
dan lokasi. Senyawa kompon bisa terbuat dari karet alam maupun karet sintetis yang memiliki
ketahanan atau kelebihan yang berbeda-beda seperti Neoprene, SBR, EPDM, Butyl dan
Polyurethane yang memiliki ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap sinar ultra violet, ozon, air laut
dan kondisi cuaca yang ekstrim panas dan dingin di berbagai lokasi Sebagaimana fungsi bumper
pada kendaraan umumnya, karet fender pada dermaga, maupun kapal juga dimaksudkan untuk
mengurangi atau meredam benturan yang mungkin terjadi ketika kapal akan merapat ke dermaga
maupun tergoyang karena arus laut saat berlabuh. Di samping itu, tentu saja, karet fender juga
berfungsi untuk mempertahankan konstruksi dari dermaga itu sendiri

Oleh sebab itu, karet menjadi bahan yang cocok untuk dijadikan sebagai
fender karena mempunyai daya serap energi yang tinggi dan reaksi yang
rendah. Fender dibuat dari bahan dasar karet mentah yang diproses
menjadi karet setengah jadi, kemudian dilakukan penguapan dan
“pemanggangan” menggunakan mesin tertentu.
Sifat - Sifat Karet Fender
Karet fender mempunyai sifat-sifat berikut :

1. Sangat elastis dan mudah dikompres / ditekan – dengan demikian meningkatkan

kecepatan absorpsi shock.
2. Memiliki daya serap energi yang tinggi, semakin tinggi energi yang diserap maka tingkat
efisiensi dari rubber fender semakin tinggi pula.
3. Ketahanan Terhadap Cuaca, menguntungkan pemakaiannya pada kapal dan dermaga agar
tetap awet dan terjaga dalam jangka waktu lama.
4. Awet
5. Kualitas Bahan Beragam, Terdapat beragam pilihan bahan untuk membuat rubber fender
diantaranya meliputi, Neoprene, SBR, EPDM, Butyl dan Polyurethane. Pemakaian bahan
ini bisa didapatkan dari bahan karet sintetis dan karet alam.
Jenis-jenis karet fender

1. Karet Fender Tipe V

Karet Fender Tipe V adalah salah satu yang paling banyak

digunakan sebagai bumper di berbagai jenis pelabuhan di dunia.
Bentuk fender tipe ini memiliki model kaki yang bersandar pada
dinding beton dermaga dan didukung struktur tulang plat besi
dengan ketebalan yang layak.
Ukuran standar fender tipe V adalah 150 mm sampai 300 mm.
Dalam implementasinya, bumper ini cocok dipakai oleh berbagai
jenis kapal berpenumpang orang maupun RoRo yang berukuran
kecil hingga sedang serta memiliki kemampuan untuk menahan
benturan atau penyerapan energi yang cukup tinggi.

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Jenis-jenis karet fender

2. Karet Fender Tipe Cell

Karet fender dermaga typecell mempunyai bentuk menyerupai pipa.

Desain tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menyerap dorongan secara
merata pada sekeliling karet fender dengan efisien. Pemasangan
karet fender tipe cell pun dibuat melingkar dan kuat serta dapat
dilakukan secara singlemaupun double.
Fender karet tipe cell juga populer digunakan karena menawarkan
usia pemakaian yang relatif lebih panjang dari berbagai bentuk
lainnya. Jenis ini lebih sering digunakan pada dermaga laut.
Ukurannya pun beragam, mulai dari 300 mm hingga 3.000 mm.

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Jenis-jenis karet fender

3. Karet Fender Tipe Cone

Karet fender tipe cone merupakan jenis fender dengan model baru. Sesuai
namanya, bentuk fender tipe cone mempunyai bentuk yang agak mengerucut
dengan tingkat elastisitas sangat tinggi. Model ini merupakan salah satu
kelebihannya karena membuat proses penanganan pada saat instalasi jauh
lebih mudah dibandingkan jenis karet fender lainnya. Secara tak langsung,
hal tersebut akan mengurangi pula biaya proyek.
Penggunaan fender ini sering ditemukan di pada area yang mempunyai
kondisi pasang surut cukup ekstrem di suatu pelabuhan. Pasalnya, desain
mengerucut menjadikan fender ini dapat pula menahan tekanan yang lebih
besar dan menyerap lebih banyak energi tabrakan yang berasal dari arah
mana pun. Adapun ukuran fender tipe cone tersedia antara 600 mm -1.300
mm.

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Jenis-jenis karet fender

4. Karet Fender Tipe M Berdaya Pegas Maksimal

Karet fender tipe M ini mempunyai bentuk yang menyerupai huruf M

sehingga sering disebut sebagai karet fender tipe M. Tipe ini biasa
dimanfaatkan sebagai bantalan karet dermaga karena mempunyai tingkat
penyerapan yang baik dan reaksi yang rendah. Dalam implementasinya,
karet fender tipe M dapat dipasang dengan tambahan frontal framedi sisi
depannya.
Jenis fender ini didesain untuk pelabuhan kapal besar. Permukaannya
yang beralur dan fleksibel cocok untuk menahan benturan keras dari
kapal-kapal besar saat merapat di dermaga. Untuk ukurannya sendiri,
karet fender tipe M tersedia dalam ukuran 300 mm – 1.400 mm.

Simple Presentation
Jenis-jenis karet fender

5. Karet Fender Tipe ANP

Karet fender tipe ANP mempunyai model yang mirip dengan karet
fender tipe V. Hanya saja, bagian atas permukaan fender ANP
mempunyai lengkungan (karena itu sering pula disebut tipe arch). Selain
itu, bantalan model ini juga diperkuat dengan lapisan polietelin di sisi
permukaannya.
Ukuran fender ANP beragam, yakni mulai 150 mm hingga 1.000 mm.
Adapun salah satu keunggulan karet fender ini adalah permukaannya
yang keras, tetapi memiliki kelenturan dan kekuatan yang baik. Di
samping itu, meski ketebalannya relatif tipis, fender ini tahan terhadap
gesekan.

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Jenis-jenis karet fender

6. Karet Fender Tipe D

Karet fender tipe D banyak dipakai pada kapal penarik / kapal penyeret
(tugboat), kapal tongkang / kapal ponton, kapal kerja (seperti kapal penangkap
ikan, dan kapal pengangkut). Karet fender tipe D ini pada kapal berfungsi
sebagai sabuk di bagian sisi kapal dan sebagai fender pelindung terhadap tenaga
gesekan atau dorongan. Selain itu, digunakan untuk bantalan penahanan mobil
truk besar untuk melindungi dinding saat pembongkaran atau pemuatan barang
(loading Dock).
D rubber fender ini juga memiliki ketahanan dalam jangka waktu yang sangat
lama karena fisiknya yang sangat kuat. Meskipun karet fender dermaga type
D cukup ringan, namun dapat bekerja untuk melindungi kapal dan
dermaga dengan aman karena D rubber fender ini memiliki kemampuan
penyerapan energi dan gaya reaksi yang tinggi terhadap benturan dibandingkan
dengan karet fender dermaga type silinder / cylindrical rubber fender.

Simple Presentation
 Proses Pembuatan Dock Fender
1. Dimasukkan bahan karet RSS dan sintesis sesuai dengan formula kedalam celah Roll
Mix.Mill.
2. Digiling selama 10-15 menit dengan jarak Rol Mix.Mill 0.05-0,8 cm. Setelah dimastikasi
pencampuran karet-bahan kimia tercapai, dimana compound menjadi lunak.
3. Dimasukkan campuran bahan-bahan kimia zinc oxide, stearic acid, flextol-H, CBS dan
TMTD hingga merata. Proses penggilingan selama 10-15 menit.
4. Dimasukkan carbon black kedalam penggilingan pencampuran berlangsung 15-30 menit.
5. Ditambahkan sulfur sampai merata pada hasil penggilingan akhir selama 5 lima menit.
Setalah merata, kerapatan Rol Mix.Mill disetel 3-5 mm, untuk ini penggilingan
berlangsung selama 5-10 menit. Universitas Sumatera Utara
6. Disesuaikan kerapatan Roll Mix.Mill 2-7,5 mm atau menurut spesifikasi ketebalan
lembaran compound.
 Pengujian Pemampatan Tetap
Pamampatan tetap (compression set) adalah uji untuk mengetahui perubahan dimensi sampel karet pada tekanan
dan waktu tertentu. Pengujian ini menunjukkan tingkat kepadatan cross link rasio bahan yang ditambahkan
terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Pemampatan tetap berkaitan erat dengan ikatan silang yang terbentuk yang
dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan antar molekul persatuan volume dalam satu ruang yang sama. Pemampatan tetap
berkolerasi langsung dengan nilai specific gravity, kekerasan, dan elastisitas. Rasio bahan pengisi penguat, dan
bahan pengisi penambah volume berpengaruh terhadap pemampatan tetap.
v ideo
Fender,
Pemampatan
tetap
Proses Pembuatan Dock Fender :
https://youtu.be/v8l8BOJrAgo
https://youtu.be/eDINAOAN45U

Pengujian Pemampatan Tetap :

https://youtu.be/X3hDzQsEzy8
 Thank You
Selamat menjalankan Ibadah puasa mohon
maaf lahir batin
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