Manajemen dan Organisasi

PENGERTIAN MANAJEMEN
 Organisasi

• Sekelompok orang yang bekerjasama

dengan
­ terkoordinasi
­ terstruktur
• untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu

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 Manfaat Organisasi

• Melayani masyarakat
• mencapai tujuan
• mengembangkan karir
• memelihara ilmu pengetahuan

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 Examples of Resources Used by Organizations

Human Financial Physical Information

Organization Resources Resources Resources Resources

Shell Oil Drilling platform Profits Refineries Sales forecast

workers Stockholder Office Buildings OPEC proclamations
Corporate Executives investments

Iowa State Faculty Alumni contributions Computers Research reports

University Secretarial Staff Government grants Campus facilities Government publications

New York City Police officers Tax revenue Sanitation equipment Economic forecasts
Municipal employees Government grants Municipal buildings Crime statistics

Susan’s Corner Grocery clerks Profits Building Price lists from suppliers
Grocery Store Bookkeeper Owner investment Display shelving Newspaper ads for
competitors

Table 1.1
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 Manajemen

• Seni mencapai sesuatu melalui orang lain

(the art of getting things done through the
others) Mary Parker Follet
• Proses merencanakan, mengorganisir,
mengarahkan dan mengendalikan kegiatan
untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan
menggunakan Sumberdaya organisasi.

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 Management in Organizations

Planning
and decision Organizing
making
Inputs from the environment
• Human resources Goals attained
• Financial resources • Efficiently
• Physical resources • Effectively
• Information resources

Controlling Leading

Figure 1.1
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 The Management Process

Planning and
Decision Making Organizing
Setting the organiza- Determining how
tion’s goals and best to group
deciding how best activities and
to achieve them resources

Controlling Leading
Monitoring Motivating members
and correcting of the organization
ongoing activities to work in the best
to facilitate goal interests of the
attainment organization

Figure 1.2
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 Perencanaan (planning)

• Menetapkan tujuan organisasi

• Memilih cara terbaik untuk mencapai tujuan
• Mengarahkan kegiatan organisasi
• Memantapkan konsistensi kegiatan
• Memonitor kemajuan organisasi

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 Pengorganisasian (organizing)

• Koordinasi sumberdaya, tugas dan otoritas

agar tujuan organisasi dapat dicapai
dengan efektif dan efisien

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 Pengarahan (Leading)

• Kegiatan memberi pengarahan (directing)

• Mempengaruhi orang lain (influencing)
• Memotivasi orang untuk bekerja
(motivating)

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 Pengendalian (Controlling)

• Menentukan standar prestasi

• Mengukur Prestasi
• Membandingkan prestasi yang dicapai
dengan standard prestasi
• Melakukan perbaikan jika ada
penyimpangan

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 Kinds of Managers by Level and Area
Levels of Management

Top managers

Middle managers

First-line managers

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Areas of Management
H

Figure 1.3
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 Peranan Manajerial

• Hubungan Manusiawi (Interpersonal

Roles)
• Peranan Informasi (Informational
Roles)
• Peranan Pengambil Keputusan
(Decision Roles)

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 Ten Basic Managerial Roles

Category Role Sample Activities

Interpersonal Figurehead Attending ribbon-cutting ceremony for new plant

Leader Encouraging employees to improve productivity
Liaison Coordinating activities of two projects

Informational Monitor Scanning industry reports to stay abreast of

developments
Disseminator Sending memos outlining new organizational
initiatives
Spokesperson Making a speech to discuss growth plans

Decisional Entrepreneur Developing new ideas for innovation

Disturbance Resolving conflict between two subordinates
handler
Resource allocator Reviewing and revising budget requests
Negotiator Reaching agreement with a key supplier or labor
union

Table 1.2
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 Sources of Management Skills

Sound educational
base; continued
life-long educational
experiences
Successful
acquisition and
utilization of basic
management skills
Initial job experiences;
continued experiences
through a variety of
job assignments

Figure 1.4
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 Manajer yang Sukses

• Pendidikan
• Pengalaman
• Visi
• Etika
• Dimensi Internasional

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