ALAT-ALAT OPTIK

Kelas XI SMA Nurul Hayah Ketanggungan

Kompetensi Dasar dan Tujuan Pembe-
lajaran
Kompetensi Dasar
3.11 Menganlisis cara kerja
alat optic menggunakan sifat
pemantulan dan pembiasan
cahaya oleh cermin dan lensa
4.11 Membuat karya yang
menerapkan prinsip pemantu-
lan dan atau pembiasan pada
cermin dan lensa
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari materi
ini, peserta didik diharapkan
mampu :
• Memahami cara kerja alat
optic yang meliputi mata,
kacamata, lup, mikroskop
dan teleskop.
• Membuat karya sederhana
yang menerapkan prinsip
pemantulan dan atau pem-
biasan pada cermin dan
lensa
 Alat-Alat Optik

1 Mata

2 Kaca Mata

3 Lup (Kaca Pembesar)

4 Mikroskop

5 Teleskop
 1 Mata
A. Bagian-Bagian Mata & Fungsinya
Melindungi struktur mata dan
mempertahankan bentuk mata

Dinding mata Sebagai penyuplai

oksigen dan nutrisi
Lapisan bening pelindung mata

Selaput tipis dibagian belakang

Mengatur jumlah cahaya yang
sebagai penangkap bayangan
masuk ke mata
dari lensa

Membentuk sebuah bayangan /

gambar (menipis dan menebal)

Mengatur Besar Kecilnya pupil

Menjaga lensa mata tetap pada

tempatnya Meneruskan sinyal saraf (bayangan) dari
retina menuju otak
B. Karakteristik Mata Normal

Titik Dekat/Punctum Proximum (PP) = 25 cm

Titik Jauh / Punctum Remotum (PR) = ~ (Tak Hingga)
C. Daya Akomodasi
Daya Akomodasi mata adalah kemampuan otot siliar untuk menebalkan atau memipihkan
kecembungan lensa mata sesuai dekat atau jauhnya jarak benda yang dilihat mata.
2 Kaca Mata
Kacamata adalah lensa tipis untuk mata guna menormalkan mata yang me-
ngalami gangguan seperti miopi, hipermetropi, presbiopi & astigmatisma.

A. Rabun Jauh (Miopi)

Kondisi Mata Miopi :
• Tidak bisa melihat jauh dengan
jelas
• Titik jauh kurang dari tak
hingga (PR < ~)
• Bayangan jatuh di depan retina
• Dibantu dengan lensa negatif
• Kekuatan lensa yang dapat di
gunakan :
2 Kaca Mata
Kacamata adalah lensa tipis untuk mata guna menormalkan mata yang me-
ngalami gangguan seperti miopi, hipermetropi, presbiopi & astigmatisma.

B. Rabun Dekat (Hipermetropi)

Kondisi Mata Hipermetropi :
• Tidak bisa melihat benda
dekat dengan jelas
• Titik dekat lebih dari 25 cm
(PP > 25 cm)
• Bayangan jatuh di bagian
belakang retina
• Dibantu dengan lensa positif
• Kekuatan lensa yang dapat di
gunakan :
2 Kaca Mata
Kacamata adalah lensa tipis untuk mata guna menormalkan mata yang me-
ngalami gangguan seperti miopi, hipermetropi, presbiopi & astigmatisma.

C. Mata Tua (Presbiopi)

Kondisi Mata Hipermetropi :
• Terjadi karena berkurangnya
daya akomodasi mata
• Titik dekat lebih dari 25 cm
(PP > 25 cm)
• Titik jauh kurang dari tak
hingga
(PP < ~)
• Dibantu dengan lensa bifokal
2 Kaca Mata
Kacamata adalah lensa tipis untuk mata guna menormalkan mata yang me-
ngalami gangguan seperti miopi, hipermetropi, presbiopi & astigmatisma.

D. Silindris (Astigmatisma)
Kondisi Mata Hipermetropi :
• Terjadi karena kornea mata /
lensa tidak berbentuk cembung
sempurna sehingga bayangan

yang terbentuk diretina tidak

fokus.
• Tidak bisa melihat garis vertical
dan horizontal bersama
• Dibantu dengan lensa silindris
agar terbentuk bayangan yang
fokus pada retina
Mari Mencoba 1

Seorang anak yang memiliki gangguan penglihatan hanya dapat melihat jelas
pada jarak terjauh 4 meter. Tentukan jenis lensa kacamata dan kekuatanya
agar anak tersebut dapat melihat dengan normal !
Jawaban :
Diketahui : Titik Jauh (PR) = 4 m = 400 cm
Ditanya : a. Jenis Lensa ?
b. Kekuatan Lensa ?
Dijawab : a. Mata normal memiliki titik jauh sebesar tak hingga, maka lensa
yang harus digunakan ialah lensa negatif
b. Kekuatan Lensa

100
¿− =− 0,25 𝐷
400
Mari Mencoba 2
Pak Heru hanya bisa membaca koran dengan jelas pada jarak 50cm. Jika titik
dekat mata normal 25 cm, berapakah kekuatan lensa kacamata yang harus
digunakan pak heru agar dapat membaca dengan jarak normal?
Jawaban :
Diketahui : Titik Dekat (PP) = 50 cm
Ditanya : Kekuatan Lensa ?
Dijawab :

𝟏𝟎𝟎
¿𝟒− = 𝟒 − 𝟐 =𝟐 𝑫
𝟓𝟎
 Mari Berlatih !

1. Eno hanya bisa membaca dengan jelas pada jarak terjauh 5 meter. Tentukan
kekuatan lensa kacamata agar Eno dapat melihat dengan normal !
2. Agar dapat membaca dengan jelas, jarak terdekat yang dapat dilihat oleh
kakek ialah 40 cm. Kekuatan lensa kacamata yang harus dipakai kake ialah...
3. Seorang penderita miopi harus menggunakan kacamata dengan kekuatan
lensa sebesar -2 dioptri. Tentukan jarak terjauh yang dapat dilihat oleh orang
tersebut jika tidak memakai kacamata!
4. Seorang penderita hipermetropi harus menggunakan kacamata dengan
kekuatan lensa sebesar +1,5 dioptric untuk dapat membaca dengan jarak
normal. Tentukan jarak terdekat orang tersebut dapat membaca dengan jelas
jika tidak memakai kacamata!
5. Mengapa seorang penderita astigmatisma tidak dapat melihat garis lurus
vertikal dan horizontal secara bersamaan? Jelaskan!
Tahukah Kamu?
Jika diibaaratkan sebagai sebuah kamera digital,
berdasarkan hasil penelitian Dr. Roger Clark mata
manusia memiliki resolusi sebesar 576 megapixel.
 Caution…!!!
Jangan Main HP di Ruangan yang
Gelap!!!
Kebiasaan bermain HP sebelum tidur saat lampu kamar sudah dimatikandapat memicu
kebutaan dan juga kanker. Hal ini dikarenakan cahaya biru yang dipancarkan oleh
sinar HP memiliki energi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan cahaya lainnya se-
hingga dapat merusak retina mata.
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