Kanker Payudara
Epidemiologi kanker dunia
Ductal
cancer
cells
Lobular cancer
cells breaking
through the wall
Illustration © Mary K. Bryson
Cancer Can also Invade Lymph or Blood Vessels-Metastatic
breast cancer
Cancer cells
invade
lymph duct
Cancer cells
invade blood
vessel
• Mutasi BRCA2
– Resiko kanker payudara 50%-85%
– Ovarian cancer 10%-20%
Estimate Breast Cancer Risk
• The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has an
online version of the Breast Cancer Risk
Assessment Tool
• This tool was designed for health
professionals to project individualized 5-year
and lifetime risks for invasive breast cancer.
• (www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/)
Prevention for High Risk Patient
• Prophylactic mastectomy
• Prophylactic oophorectomy (premenopausal px)
• Chemoprevention
– selective estrogen receptor modulators
(SERMs)
• tamoxifen (in pre and postmenopausal patients)
• raloxifene(in only postmenopausal patients)
– aromatase inhibitors: exemestane and anastrozole
(in postmenopausal patients, trial)
Prognosis Factors
• Staging
• Estrogen receptor (ER)/Progesterone receptor (PR)
– ER- or PR-positive (2/3 patients)slower-
growingmore favorable prognosis than ER- and/or
PR-negative
• hormonal therapy is a treatment option
• Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)
– HER2-positive (25% patients) denote more aggressive
disease
• responsive to trastuzumab.
Stadium Kanker Payudara
Early Breast Cancer
Stage 0: Carcinoma in situ or disease that has not invaded the basement membrane
Stage I: Small primary invasive tumor without lymph node involvement
Stage II: Involvement of regional lymph nodes