Anorganik I
Nikel
Orbital dan penataan
elektron
Jumlah ½ gelomang : Bilangan kuantum utama (n)
number (abbreviated n). In general, this number determines the size of the orbital.
Larger orbitals allow more half-wavelengths and therefore have higher principal
quantum numbers. The orbital that allows one half-wavelength has a principal
quantum number of one. Only one orbital allows one half-wavelength. More than
one orbital can allow two or more half-wavelengths. These orbitals may have the
same principal quantum number, but they differ from each other in their angular
momentum and their magnetic properties. The orbitals that allow one wavelength
have a principal quantum number of 2 (n = 2), the orbitals that allow one and a half
wavelengths have a principal quantum number of 3 (n = 3), and so on. The set of
orbitals with the same principal quantum number make up a shell.
Atomic Orbital Shapes Atomic orbitals are mathematical descriptions of where the
electrons in an atom (or molecule) are most likely to be found. These descriptions
are obtained by solving an equation known as the Schrödinger equation, which
expresses our knowledge of the atomic world. As the angular momentum and
energy of an electron increases, it tends to reside in differently shaped orbitals.
This description has been confirmed by many experiments in chemistry and
physics, including an actual picture of a p-orbital made by a scanning tunneling
microscope. © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Expand
Physicists use a second number to describe the angular momentum of an orbital.
This number is called the orbital’s secondary quantum number, or its angular
momentum quantum number (abbreviated l). The number of possible values an
orbital can have for its angular momentum is one less than the number of half-
wavelengths it allows. This means that an orbital with a principal quantum number
of n can have n-1 possible values for its secondary quantum number.