MEKANISME HIDROLISIS
Secara umum adalah :
TERGANNGUNYA KESETIMBANGAN AIR
HIDROLISIS
Secara umum reaksi diatas dapat ditulis
KA ----- > K+ + A-
A- + H2O < === > HA + OH-
Asam lemah + Basa lemah === > GARAM
Atau
NH4+ + Ac- + H2O < === > NH4OH + HAc
Besar /kecilnya [H+] dan [OH-} yang terbentuk
Tergantung dari harga : Ka atau Kb asam lemahnya
atau basa lemahnya
Kh = alfa2 C
Hubungan antara Kh – Kw – Ka - Kb
1.Asam kuat + basa lemah === > GARAM
Reaksi :
BOH <=== > B+ + OH- [B+] x [OH-]
Kb = ---------------
[BOH]
H2O < === > H+ + OH- Kw = [H+] x [OH-]
B+ + H2O < = > BOH + H+ [BOH] x [H+]
Kh = -----------------
[B+]
Bila : Kw / Kb, maka
[H+ ] [OH-] x [BOH] = [BOH] [H+]
----------- -------------- = Kh = Kw /Kb
+ - +
2. Asam lemah + Basa kuat
Reaksi :
HA ----- > H+ + A- [H+] [A-]
Ka = -------------
[HA]
H2O < == > H+ + OH- Kw = [H+] [OH-]
A- + H2O < = > HA + OH- [HA] [OH-]
Kh = --------------
[A-]
Bila Kw / Ka, maka
[H+] [OH-] x [HA] [OH-] [HA]
----------- = -------------- = Kh = Kw / K
[H+] [A-] [A-]
3. Asam lemah + basa lemah
Reaksi :
HA <== > H+ + A- [H+] [A-]
Ka = -----------
[HA]
BOH < == > B+ + OH- [B+] [OH-]
Kb = -------------
[BOH]
H2O < == > H+ + OH- Kw = [H+] [OH-]
B+ + A- + H2O < == > BOH + HA
[BOH][HA]
Kh = ----------------
[B+] [A-]
Bila Kw / [Ka. Kb], maka
= Kh
Kh = Kw / [Ka. Kb]
Derajat hidrolisis
Garam == > Asam lemah basa kuat
V Kh
Alfa = ----------
1 + VKh
Alfa = V Kh
pH hidrolisis
1. Asam kuat dan basa lemah === > GARAM
Reaksi hidrolisis
B+ + H2O < == > BOH + H+
pH = 7 - ½ pKb – ½ log C
2. Asam lemah dan basa kuat == > GARAM
Reaksi :
A- + H2O < == > HA + OH-
[HA] [OH-] [OH-]2
Kh = --------------- = --------- = Kw / Ka
[A-] C
[OH-]2 = C Kw /Ka
[OH-] = [ C Kw / Ka ]1/2
pOH = ½ pKw – ½ pKa – ½ log C
pH = ½ pKw + ½ p Ka + ½ log C
pH = 7 + ½ pKa + ½ log C
3. Asam lemah dan basa lemah == > GARAM
Reaksi :
A- + B+ + H2O < == > BOH + HA
[BOH] [HA] [HA]2
Kh = ---------------- = -------
[A-] [B+] CC
[H+] [A-]
Ka = ------------
[HA]
[HA] = [H+] [A-]
-------------
Ka
Lanjutan
[H+]2 x CC
Kh = ----------------
Ka 2 x CC
[H+]2 = Ka 2 x Kh
pH = 7 + ½ pKa - ½ pKb
Garam Amonium klorida NH4Cl = 0,01 Molar
Harga Kb = 1,80 x 10-5
Harga : pH ?
x2
Kh = ----------- = Kw / Ka
[0,01 – x ]
Kh = 10-14 / 1,80 x10-5 = 5,50 x 10-10
x2
5,50 x 10 -10 = -------
0,01 – x
x = [5,50 x 10-10]1/2
= 2,30 x 10-6 mol/ liter