Fungsi Metil Salisilat PDF
Fungsi Metil Salisilat PDF
Abstrak: Asam salisilat merupakan bahan keratolitik tertua. Selain memiliki efek keratolitik,
bahan ini juga memiliki efek keratoplastik, anti-pruritus, anti-inflamasi, analgetik,
bakteriostatik, fungistatik, dan tabir surya. Asam salisilat telah teruji dalam terapi berbagai
penyakit kulit dengan manifestasi hiperkeratosis. Selain itu, asam salisilat merupakan terapi
tambahan pada dermatomikosis superfisialis, moluskum kontagiosum, akne, dan kerusakan
kulit akibat sinar matahari. Meskipun secara umum penggunaan asam salisilat topikal aman,
bahan ini dapat diabsorbsi melalui kulit dan menimbulkan toksisitas. Hal tersebut jarang
terjadi, namun berpotensi menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Makalah ini membahas sifat kimia,
mekanisme kerja, penggunaan klinis, efek samping, toksisitas akibat absorbsi perkutan, dan
kontraindikasi asam salisilat dalam bidang dermatologi. J Indon Med Assoc. 2012;62:277-84.
Kata kunci: asam salisilat, dermatologi, indikasi, efek samping
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Abstract: Salicylic acid is the oldest known keratolytics. Besides its keratolytic properties, salicylic
acid also has keratoplastic, anti-pruritic, anti-inflammatory, analgetic, bacteriostatic, fungistatic,
and photo-protective effects. It is a well-established treatment for many dermatologic conditions,
manifest as hyperkeratosis, and can be used as an additional therapy for superficial dematomycosis,
moluscum contagiosum, acne, and photo-damaged skin. In general, topical salicylic acid is safe,
but it is readily absorbed from the skin. Toxicity from percutaneous absorption is rare but serious
complications have been reported. This paper reviewed its chemistry, mechanism of action,
clinical usage, side effect, percutaneous toxicity and contraindication in dermatotherapy. J Indon
Med Assoc. 2012;62:277-84.
Keywords: salicylic acid, dermatology, clinical use, side effects
Pendahuluan
Asam salisilat telah digunakan sebagai bahan terapi
topikal sejak lebih dari 2000 tahun yang lalu.1 Dalam bidang
dermatologi, asam salisilat telah lama dikenal dengan khasiat
utama sebagai bahan keratolitik.2 Hingga saat ini asam salisilat
masih digunakan dalam terapi veruka, kalus, psoriasis, dermatitis seboroik pada kulit kepala, dan iktiosis.3 Penggunaannya semakin berkembang sebagai bahan peeling dalam
terapi penuaan kulit, melasma, hiperpigmentasi pascainflamasi, dan akne.4,5
Di Amerika Serikat, berbagai sediaan mengandung
preparat asam salisilat dalam konsentrasi 1-40%.6 Penggunaan asam salisilat topikal relatif aman. Efek samping lokal
yang sering dijumpai pada penggunaan asam salisilat adalah
dermatitis kontak.7,8 Beberapa kepustakaan melaporkan
adanya toksisitas sistemik akibat absorpsi perkutan. Toksisitas asam salisilat, meskipun jarang, dapat menimbulkan
komplikasi yang serius.3
Farmakologi Asam Salisilat Topikal
Sifat Kimia
Asam salisilat, dikenal juga dengan 2-hydroxy-benzoic
acid atau orthohydrobenzoic acid, memiliki struktur kimia
C7H6O3. Asam salisilat memiliki pKa 2,97.9 Asam salisilat
dapat diekstraksi dari pohon willow bark, daun wintergreen,
spearmint, dan sweet birch.9,10 Saat ini asam salisilat telah
dapat diproduksi secara sintetik.9,11 Bentuk makroskopik
asam salisilat berupa bubuk kristal putih dengan rasa manis,
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