PENDAHULUAN
A4
A4'
A3
A3'
V4
A2
V2
A1
V1
B1
V3
D1
V4'
D3
D3'
D2
B2
B3
D2'
B4
B4'
4.2000
A2'
V3'
B3'
V2'
D1'
B2'
A1'
V1'
B1'
2.1250
17.0000
Bentang (L)
= 17 Jarak
Titik Buhul ()
= 2,125 m
Tinggi (H)
= 4,2 m
Jarak Kuda-Kuda
= 3m
Panjang Bangunan
= 27 m
Desakan Angin
= 47 Kg/m2
Jenis Atap
Alat Sambung
= Baut
Mutu Baja
Bj 37 = 1600 Kg/cm2
tg = 8,5 = 0,494
= 26,29
8,5 2 + 4,2 2
Atot = 9,481 m
A
= 2,37 m
c. Batang Horizontal
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B4 = B3 = B2 = B1
B=
8,5
= 2,125 meter
4
d. Batang Vertikal
V1 = V1 = tg x 2,25
= tg 26,29 x 2,125
= 1,04 m
= 2,08 m
= 3,12 m
= 4,16 m
e. Batang Diagonal
D1 = D1
2,08
+2,125
= 2,973 m
D2 = D2 = D1
2,08
+2,125
= 2,973 m
D3 = D3
4,16
+2,125
= 4,671 m
Batang
2,37
B1
Batang
2.125
V1
Batang
1,04
D1
Batang
2,97
A2
2,37
B2
2.125
V2
2,08
D2
2,97
A3
2,37
B3
2.125
V3
3,12
D3
4,67
A3
2,37
B4
2.125
V4
4,16
D1
2,97
A1
2,37
B1
2.125
V1
1,04
D2
2,97
A2
2,37
B2
2.125
V2
2,08
D3
4,67
A3
2,37
B3
2.125
V3
3,12
A4
2,37
B4
2.125
10
BAB II
PERENCANAAN GORDING
= 2,37 m
=3m
= 5 kg/ m2
2.1.
PERHITUNGA
N MUATAN GORDING
Untuk kasau dan reng dipakai kayu semantok dengan BJ = 37 gr/cm2
y
b
Ix
= 80,7 cm 4 .
Iy
= 19,0 cm4
Wx = 16,1 cm 3
Wy = 6,06 cm3
y
11
= 5,17 cm2
= 4,06 kg /m
= 50 mm = 5 cm
= 2,3 mm = 0,23 cm
= 20 mm = 2 cm
= 100 mm = 10 cm
= 18,6 mm = 1,86 cm
= 50 mm = 5,0 cm
= 3,00 kg/m
Jumlah
= 7,06 kg/m
qx = q Cos
qy = q Sin
qy
qx
q
3 1 .2 1 6
qx
= q cos
= 6,39 kg/m
qy
= q sin
= 2,98 kg/m
1
q . L2
8
1
My = q . L2
8
1
Dx = qx. L
2
1
Dy = qx. L
2
1
8
1
=
8
1
=
2
1
=
2
Mx =
x 6,39 x 42
= 12,78 kg m
x 2,98 x 42
= 5,96 kg m
x 6,39 x 4
= 12,78 kg
x 2,98 x 4
= 5,96 kg
px = p Cos
py = p Sin
py
px
p
3 1 .2 1 6
12
px = p cos
= 90,61 kg
py = p sin
= 42,29 kg
1
Px .L
4
1
My = Px .L
4
1
Dx = Px
2
1
Dy = Px
2
Mx =
1
4
1
=
4
1
=
2
1
=
2
x 90,61 x 4
= 90,61 kg
x 42,29 x 4
= 42,29 kg
x 90,61
= 45,30 kg
x 42,29
= 21,14 kg
= 40 80 kg / m2
= 40 - 0,8 x 25,02
= 19,98 kg / m2
=19,98 x 0,6 m
= 11,98 kg /m
qx
= q cos
= 10,85 kg / m
qy
= q sin
= 5,06 kg / m
1
q . L2
8
1
My = q . L2
8
1
Dx = qx. L
2
1
Dy = qy. L
2
Mx =
1
8
1
=
8
1
=
2
1
=
2
x 10,85 x 42
= 21,70 kg m
x 5,06 x 42
= 10,12 kg m
x 10,85 x 4
= 21,70 kg
x 5,06 x 4
= 10,12 kg
= - 0,4
a. Angin tekan
qx = 0,10 x 0,6 x 55
= 3,30 Kg/m
qy = 0 (arah angin tegak lurus bidang atap ,sehingga tidak punya nilai )
1
1
q x . L2 =
x 3,30 x 42
8
8
Mx =
= 6,60 Kg m
My = 0
Dx =
1
qx.L
2
1
x 3,30 x 4
2
= 6,60 Kg
Dy = 0
b. Angin Hisap
qx = - 0,4 x 0,6 x 55
= - 13,20 kg/m
qy = 0 (arah angin tegak lurus bidang atap ,ssehingga tidak punya nilai )
1
1
q x . L2 =
x 13,20 x 42
8
8
Mx =
= - 26,4 Kg m
My = 0
Dx =
1
qx.L
2
1
x 13,20 x 4
2
Dy = 0
14
= - 26,4 Kg
MUATAN MATI
MUATAN HIDUP
Muatan terpusat Muatan air hujan
MUATAN ANGIN
tekan
hisap
kombinasi
primer
seknder
6=1+2
7=1+2+4
Mx(kg.m)
12,78
90,61
21,70
6,60
-26,4
103,39
109,99
My(kg.m)
5,96
42,29
10,12
48,25
48,25
Dx(kg)
12,78
45,30
21,70
6,60
-26,4
58,08
64,68
Dy(kg)
5,96
21,14
10,12
27,10
27,10
ytb =
Mx
My
10519,2
6374,7
+
=
+
= 1310 ,082 kg/cm
Wx
Wy
21,3
7,81
Aman
ytb =
Mx
My
11997,6
6374,7
+
=
+
= 1379 ,49 kg/cm
Wx
Wy
21,3
7,81
=
.
= 0.089 cm
384 E I x
384 (2,1.10 6 ).107
Fy 1 =
5 q x L2
5
0,098 .400 4
=
.
= 0,635 cm
384 E I y
384 (2,1.10 6 ).24,5
1 Py L3
1 0,518 400 3
= 0,003 cm
48 E Ix
48 (2,1 10 6 ).107
Aman
1 Px L3
1
0,855 400 3
= 0,022 cm
48 E Iy
48 (2,1 10 6 ) . 24,5
Fy 2 =
5 q x L2
5
0,0739 . (400) 4
=
x
= 0,479 cm
384 E I y
384 (2,1 10 6 ). 24,5
Fy 3 =
Fy
Fytb =
Fx
+ Fy 2
(0,092 ) 2 +(1,136 ) 2
= 1,140 cm
Lendutan Yang Diizinkan
=
L
400
=
= 2,222 cm
180 180
Aman
Ix
= 107 cm 4 .
Iy
= 24,5 cm4
= 50 mm = 5 cm
= 3,2 mm = 0,32 cm
= 100 mm = 10 cm
= 20 mm = 2 cm
= 18,6 mm = 1,86 cm
= 50 mm = 5 cm
Terhadap Sumbu x x
= 1,600 cm2
F1 = 5 x 0,32
F2 = (5 0,32) x 0,32 =
6.5
F3 = (2 - 0,32) x 0,32
0,25
2,0
7,5
0,32
2
5 0,32
Y2 =
2
Y1 = 5 -
1,498 cm2
= 0,538 cm2
= 4,84 cm
= 2,34 cm
2
2
Y3 = (2 0,32 )
0,84
cm
Sx = (F1 . Y1) + ( F2 . Y2) + ( F3 . Y3)
0.25
= 1,60 cm2
0.25
F3 = 5 x 0,32
X1 =
1,86
2
X2 = 1,86 X3 =
15
= 1,60 cm2
= 0,93 cm
0,32
2
1,86
2
= 1,7 cm
= 0,93 cm
= 8,068 cm3
2,12
BY = 2 . 0,32 = 0,64 cm
3
10
y +b =
=
Dx.Sx
Dy.Sy
+
bx. Ix
by.Iy
62,431 11,7 37 ,834 8,068
+
0,32 107
0,64 24 ,5
Aman
Dy.Sy
Ty + b = bx.Ix + by.Iy
=
BAB III
11
Aman
= 10 kg/ m2
= 5,5 kg/m
berat brecing ( ikatan angin ) diambil 25% dari berat kuda -kuda
= 0,25 x 22,5 kg /m2 = 5,625 kg/ m2
12
= ( x 2,558 ) x 4 x 10
= 51,160 kg
Berat gording
= 33,000 kg
= 98,438 kg
= ( 2,1875 ) x
4 x 18 = 78,750 kg
-
Berat braching
= 24,609 kg
= 76,878 kg
P = 362,835 kg
Titik buhul C = D = E = G = H = I
-
= 102,320 kg
Berat gording
= 33,000 kg
= 98,438 kg
Berat braching
= 24,609 kg
= (2,558+2,558) x 4 x 15,027
153,800 kg
P = 412,123 kg
Titik buhul F
-
= 102,320 kg
Berat gording
= 64,000 kg
= 98,438 kg
Berat braching
= 24,609 kg
13
Titik Buhul C = D = E = F = G = H = I
-
= 98,438 kg
= ( 2,1875 + 2,1875 ) x 4 x 18
= 151,200 kg
-
Berat braching
= 22,890 kg
= 100
= 100,000 kg
P = 372,528 kg
Desakan angin ( w )
= 55 kg / m
Kemiringan atap ( )
= 31,216
a. Angin Tekan
-
= 0,02 - 0.4
= 0.02 x 31,216 0.4
= 0,250
Titik Buhul A = B
P = ( 1/2 x 2,558 ) x 0,250 x 4 x 55
= 70,345 kg
Titik Buhul C = D = E = G = H = I
P = 1/2 (2,558 + 2,558) x x 0,250 x 4 x 55 = 140,690 kg
Titik Buhul F
P = 1/2 (2,558 ) x 0,250 x 4 x 55
= 70,345 kg
b. Angin Hisap
-
= - 0,4
Titik Buhul A = B
P = ( 1/2 x 2,558 ) x -0,4 x 4 x 55
= - 112,552 kg
= - 225,104 kg
Titik Buhul F
= 1/2 (2,558 ) x -0,4 x 4 x 55
14
= - 112,552 kg
15
16
17
Batang
A1
A2
A3
A4
A1
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
B1
B2
B3
B4
V1
V2
V3
V4
V1
V2
V3
D1
D2
D3
D1
D2
D3
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,558
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
2,1875
1,326
2,651
3,976
5,303
1,326
2,651
3,976
3,437
4,538
5,736
3,437
4,538
5,736
-5252,5
-5252,5
-4495,1
-3737,7
-5252,5
-5252,5
-4495,1
-3737,7
4492,92
3845,04
3197,16
2549,28
4492,92
3845,04
3197,16
2549,28
-412,14
-804,48
-1196,8
-372,54
-412,14
-1860,5
2645,22
1017,57
1343,55
1697,82
1017,57
1343,55
1697,82
23,7
-61,5
12,06
85,63
480,67
616,99
492,99
381,59
711,56
575,76
439,96
304,16
217,28
347,68
86,88
-304,16
-164,48
-246,71
-328,95
0
-263,16
-394,74
-526,31
213,29
281,62
355,88
341,27
450,58
569,4
480,67
616,99
499,29
381,59
23,7
-61,5
12,06
86,53
-1115,95
-898,67
-681,39
-464,12
-56,71
-192,51
-328,31
-464,12
263,16
394,74
526,31
0
164,48
269,65
328,95
-341,27
-450,58
-569,4
-213,29
-281,26
-355,88
18
Gaya Design
Kombinasi
Primer
1
-5252,52
-5252,52
-4495,11
-3737,7
-5252,52
-5252,52
-4495,11
-3737,7
4492,92
3845,04
3197,16
2549,28
4492,92
3845,04
3197,16
2549,28
-412,14
-804,48
-1196,82
-372,54
-412,14
-1860,45
2645,22
1017,57
1343,55
1697,82
1017,57
1343,55
1697,82
Kombinasi Sekunder
1+2
-5228,82
-5314,02
-4483,05
-3652,07
-4771,85
-4635,53
-4002,12
-3356,11
5204,48
4420,8
3637,12
2853,44
4710,2
4192,72
3284,04
2245,12
-576,62
-1051,19
-1525,77
-372,54
-675,3
-2255,19
2118,91
1230,86
1625,17
2053,7
1358,84
1794,13
2267,22
1+3
-4772
-4636
-3996
-3356
-5229
-5314
-4483
-3651
3377
2946
2516
2085
4436
3653
2869
2085
-149
-409,7
-670,5
-372,5
-247,7
-1591
2974
676,3
893
1128
804,3
1062
1342
A
4
'
A
4
A
3
'
A
3
D
1
B
1
B
2
V
4
V
3
V
2
V
1
B
3
V
3
'
B
4
B
4
'
5
,3
A
2
'
D
2
'
D
2
A
2
A
1
D
3
'
D
3
D
1
'
V
2
'
B
3
'
A
1
'
V
1
'
B
2
'
B
1
'
2
,1
8
8
1
7
,5
Kesalahan =
19
MJ = 0
RA.2,1875 (362,85x 2,1875) + (B1.V1) = 0
6746,77 793,916 + B1.1,326 = 0
5952,86 + A2.1,326 = 0
B1 = 5952,86 / 1,326 = + 4492,92 ( )
Hasil dari Metode Cremona D1 = 930,00
Kesalahan =
20
BAB IV
PENDEMENSIAN PROFIL KUDA- KUDA
4.1.
Ps = 4771,85 (tekan)
-
1.
Lx = 2,558 m = 255,8 cm
max
Ix Kx
140
ix
I x K x 1255 ,8 1
=
= 1,827 cm
max
140
dipilih profil 65 . 65 . 7
Ix = Iy = 33.40 cm4
ix = iy = 1.96 cm
e = 1.85 cm
F = 8.70 cm
i =1.26 cm
21
max
= 140 Kg/cm3
255 ,8 1
=130 ,51 <140
1.96
aman
Li Ki
50
in
255 ,8 x1
= 203 ,016 50
1.26
tidak aman
Jadi agar batang A1 dan A1 aman, maka batang ini harus diberi pelat koppel agar
batang tidak menekuk, untuk menentukan jumlah pelat Koppel dipakai rumus
pendekatan.
i=
Li =
Li Ki
in
i in 50 x1.26
=
= 63 .00 cm
ki
1
sehinga Li =
L 255,8
=
= 51,16 cm
5
5
Kontrol
i=
1 51,16
= 40,603 cm < 50
1.26
3. iy = 2 y +
aman
m
(i ) 2 140
2
M = Jumlah Profil
a = 0 .8
n = Jumlah Profil
= 2 (33.40 + 8.70 (1.85 + 1/2 x
0.72)
e
1
e +2 a
22
Iy = 151,016 cm4
iy =
nf
105.95
= 2.47 cm
2 8.70
Ky Iy
Ly
iy = y 2 +
Iy
1 105.95
= 42.89 cm
2.47
m
(i ) 2
2
= ( 42 .89 ) 2 +
2
( 46 .75 ) 2
2
= 63.44 140
aman
4. x 1.2 i
x = 97.08
1.2 i = 1.2 (46.75) = 56.10
97.08 56.10
aman
5. Aiy 1,2 . i
Aiy = 63.44
1.2 i = 1.2 (46.75) = 49.415
63.44 56.10
6. =
aman
wp
nF
=1400 Kg / cm 2
w = factor teknik
Untuk menentukan harga w tergantung pada
adalah mempunyai harga yang paling besar.
x = 97.08
(yang dipilih)
iy = 63.44
23
1 = 97
w = 1.772
2 = 98
w = 1.790
x = 97.08
-
w Ps 1.773 6058 .4
=
= 617 .33 1400 kg/cm
nf
2 8.70
(aman)
(aman)
a = 0 .8
M = T(2e + a)
3 0
60
3 0
T=
M
7633.44
=
= 1696.32 kg
2e + a
2(1.85) + 0.8
3 0
60
3 0
T
n jumlah kopel
n
1696.32
T1 =
= 1693 .32 kg
1
1
M 1 = T1 (a + 2w)
2
T1 =
M1 = 1696.32 .
1
((0.8) + 2 . 0.35)
2
= 1272.24 Kg/cm
24
x2
=0
x2 = 2 x 52 = 50
x2 + y2
= 50
Kvb =
Khb = 0
Akibat momen
M 1y
Kvm =
2x + y
2
1272 .24 0
= 0 kg
50
1272 .24 3
= 76 .33 kg
50
M 1y
Khm =
2x + y
2
Kv
= 848.16 + 0 = 848.16 Kg
Kh
= 0 + 76.33 = 76.33 Kg
K = Kv 2 + Kh 2
=
K = 849.59 Kg
Pgs = n
d=
1
. d2 . 0,6
4
Pgs = K
4 Pgs
0.6
4 776 .71
1 3.14 0.6 1600
d = 1.135 cm
dicoba 5/12 = 1.225 cm
t = 2 . d = 2 . (1.225) = 2.45 = 3 cm
25
Pgs = 1.
1
. 3.14 (1.058)2 . 0.6 . 1600
4
= 844.85 kg
Pgs = 844.85 Kg > 776.71 Kg (aman)
Syarat Kontrol pelat Koppel
20
2
1
M1
In
1 3
1
=
< wn =
In = bh 2 t d + t d h
1
wn
12
2
12
h
2
1
1
In =
0.8 9 3 2 0.8 1.225
12
12
50
wn =
1
+ 0.8 1.225 9
2
28.629
= 11 .450 cm 3
1
.5
2
28 .629
= 250.045 Kg/cm2 < 1400 Kg/cm2 (aman)
11 .450
20
3 T1
<
2 F
1696 .32
3
x
7.20
2
1P
I
10 1
a
i
26
aman
4
= 28 .629 cm
Ip = n .
=1.
1
b h3
12
1
0.8 (9)3 = 48.60 cm
12
aman
Fn =
Ps = 5719.20 Kg (tarik)
Lx = 160 cm
P
5820.00
=
= 65.543 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (5.543) = 32.771 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
2.771
=
= 3.261 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
L x K x 160 1
=
= 0.667 cm
max
240
Dipilih profil 50 . 50 . 6
Dengan F = 5.69 cm2
ix = 1.6 cm
i = 0.96 cm
27
2F > 2Fbr
2(5.69) = 11.38 cm2 > 6.522 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
pr =
5820.00
= 601 .675 Kg/cm
(0.85 11.38 )
(aman)
ps =
5719.20
= 591 .254 Kg/cm
(0.85 11.38 )
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
x =
L x K x 160 1
=
= 100.0 < 240
ix
1.6
1 =
L x K x 160 1
=
= 166.667 < 240
in
0.96
Batang V1 Dan V1
Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang V1 Dan V1
- Ppr = 225.00 Kg (tarik)
- Ps = 225.00 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 75.00 cm
Fn =
P
225.00
=
= 0.214 cm 2
0.75
1600
0.75
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (0.214) = 0.107 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
0.107
=
= 0.126 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
Lx Kx
75 1
=
= 0.313 cm
max
240
Dipilih profil 35 . 35 . 4
28
(aman)
(aman)
(aman)
225.00
= 49 .570 Kg/cm
(0.85 5.34 )
(aman)
ps =
225.00
= 849 .570 Kg/cm
(0.85 5.56 )
(aman)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
x =
L x K x 75.00 1
=
= 71.428 < 240
ix
1.05
1 =
L x K x 75.00 1
=
= 110.294 < 240
in
0.68
Batang V2 Dan V2
Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang V2 Dan V2
- Ppr = 489.400 Kg (tarik)
- Ps = 464.273 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 150.00 cm
Fn =
P
489.40
=
= 0.5466 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (0.466) = 0.233 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
0.233
=
= 0.274 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
L x K x 150 1
=
= 0.625 cm
max
240
29
(aman)
(aman)
Dipilih profil 60 . 60 . 6
Dengan F = 6.91 cm2
ix = 1.82 cm
i = 1.17 cm
2F > 2Fbr
2(6.91) = 13.82 cm2 > 1.576 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
pr =
489.40
= 41 .662 Kg/cm
(0.85 13 .82 )
(aman)
ps =
464.40
= 39 .533 Kg/cm
(0.85 13 .82 )
(aman)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
x =
L x K x 150 1
=
= 82.418 < 240
ix
1.82
1 =
L x K x 150 1
=
= 128.205 < 240
in
1.17
Batang V3 Dan V3
Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang V3 Dan V3
- Ppr = 225.00 Kg (tarik)
- Ps = 225.00 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 225 cm
Fn =
P
225.00
=
= 0.214 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
30
(aman)
(aman)
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (0.214) = 0.107 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
0.107
=
= 0.126 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
Lx K x
225 .00 1
=
= 0.937 cm
max
240
Dipilih profil 90 . 90 . 9
Dengan F = 15.5 cm2
ix = 2.74 cm
i = 1.76 cm
2F > 2Fbr
2(15.5) = 31.00 cm2 > 0.252 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
pr =
225.00
= 8.539 Kg/cm
(0.85 31 .00 )
ps =
225.00
= 8.539 Kg/cm
(0.85 31.00)
(aman)
n)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
x =
L x K x 225.00 1
=
= 82.117 < 240
ix
2.74
1 =
L x K x 225.00 1
=
= 127.841 < 240
in
1.76
Batang V4
Batang Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang V4
- Ppr = 2568.20 (tarik)
- Ps = 2539.80 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 300 cm
Fn =
P
2568.20
=
= 2.446 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
31
(aman)
(aman)
(ama
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (2.446) = 1.223 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1 1.223
=
= 1.439 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
Lx K x
300 1
=
= 1.250 cm
max
240
2568.20
= 59 .477 Kg/cm
(0.85 50 .80 )
ps =
2539.80
= 58 .819 Kg/cm
(0.85 50 .80 )
(aman)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
x =
L x K x 550 1
=
= 150.273 < 240
ix
3.66
(aman)
1 =
L x K x 550 1
=
= 234.042 < 240
in
2.35
(aman)
Batang D1 dan D1
Batang Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang D1 dan D1
- Ppr = 930.00 Kg (tekan)
- Ps = 998.20 Kg (tekan)
- Lx = 176.70 cm
32
(aman)
2
1.
max
Ix Kx
140
ix
max
= 140 Kg/cm3
I x K x 176 .70 1
=
= 1.262 cm
max
140
dipilih profil 65 . 65 . 11
Ix = Iy = 48.8 cm4
ix = iy = 1.91 cm
e = 2.00 cm
F = 1.25 cm
i = 1.25 cm
W = 35 mm = 0.35 cm Penampang dilemahkan
Kontrol
x=
2. i =
i=
176 .70 1
= 92 .513 <140
1.91
aman
Li Ki
50
in
176 .70 x 1
= 141 .366 50
1.25
tidak aman
Jadi agar batang A1 dan A1 aman, maka batang ini harus diberi pelat koppel agar
batang tidak menekuk, untuk menentukan jumlah pelat Koppel dipakai rumus
pendekatan.
i=
Li =
Li Ki
in
i in 50 x1.25
=
= 62 .50 cm
ki
1
33
1 176.70
=
= 58 .90 cm
3
3
sehinga Li =
Kontrol
i=
1 58 .90
= 47.120 cm < 50
1.25
3. iy = 2 y +
aman
m
(i ) 2 140
2
M = Jumlah Profil
a = 0 .8
n = Jumlah Profil
= 2 (48.80 + (13.2(2.40+1/2 x 0.8)2)
Iy = 304.576 cm4
e
1
e +2 a
iy =
Iy
nf
K y Iy
y= L
y
iy = y 2 +
m
(i ) 2
2
= (52 .016 ) 2 +
2
( 47 .120 ) 2
2
= 70.185 140
aman
4. x 1.2 i
x = 92.513
1.2 i = 1.2 (47.120) = 56.544
92.513 56.544
aman
5. Aiy 1,2 . i
Aiy = 70.185
1.2 i = 1.2 (47.120) = 56.544
34
304.576
= 3.397 cm
2 x13 .2
1 176 .70
=
= 52.016 cm
3.397
70.185 56.544
6. =
aman
wp
nF
=1400 Kg / cm 2
w = factor teknik
Untuk menentukan harga w tergantung pada
(yang dipilih)
iy = 70.185
dari daftar konstruksi baja, untuk baja 34 = Fe 310
=1400 kg/cm2
1 = 92
w = 1.685
2 = 93
w = 1.702
x = 92.513
(aman)
35
(aman)
a = 0 .8
6 5 0 .86 5
20
T=
60
M
1095.540
=
= 228.238 kg
2e + a
2(2.00) + 0.8
2 0
sebesar:
T
n jumlah kopel
n
228.238
T1 =
= 228 .238 kg
1
1
M 1 = T1 (a + 2w)
2
20
T1 =
60
2 0
M1 = 228.238 .
1
((0.8) + 2 . 0.35)
2
= 171.178 Kg/cm
x2
=0
x2 = 2 x 32 = 18
x2 + y2
= 18
T1 228.238
=
= 114 .119 Kg n = Jumlah Baut
n
2
36
Khb = 0
Akibat momen
Kvm =
Khm =
M 1y
2x + y
2
M 1y
2x + y 2
2
171 .178 0
= 0 kg
18
171 .178 3
= 328 .529 kg
18
Kv
= 114.119 + 0 = 114.119 Kg
Kh
= 0 + 28.529 = 28.529 Kg
K = Kv 2 + Kh 2
=
K = 117.631 Kg
Pgs = n
d=
1
. d2 . 0,6
4
Pgs = K
4 Pgs
0.6
4 117 .631
1 3.14 0.6 1400
d = 0.422 cm
dicoba 1/6 = 0.424 cm
t = 2 . d = 2 . (0.424) = 0.636 = 2 cm
d = 3.5 . d = 3.5 (0.424) = 1.485 = 3 cm
Pgs = 1.
1
. 3.14 (0.424)2 . 0.6 . 1400
4
= 118.544 kg
Pgs = 118.544 Kg > 117.631 Kg (aman)
37
20
2
1
M1
In
1
1
< wn =
In = bh 3 2 t d + t d h
1
wn
12
2
12
h
2
In =
1
1
0.8 10 3 2 0.8 0.524
12
12
wn =
60
2
1
+ 0.8 0.524 10 = 24 .727 cm 4
2
24.727
= 4.9448 cm 3
1
.10
2
171 .178
= 34.618 Kg/cm2 < 1400 Kg/cm2 (aman)
4.9448
20
3 T1
<
2 F
F = t . h = 0.8 . 10 = 8 cm2
F netto = 5.60 2 x 0.524 x 0.8 = 4.762
228 .238
4.762
1P
I
10 1
a
i
Ip = n .
=1.
1
b h3
12
1
0.8 (10)3 = 58.33 cm
12
a = 2e + a = 2 . 2 + 0.8 = 4.8 cm
38
aman
Ix = 48.80 cm4
Li = 58.90cm
L
Ip
10 1
a
Li
58 .33
48 .8
10
4.8
58 .90
aman
Batang D2 dan D2
Batang Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang D2 dan D2
- Ppr = 1470.00 Kg (tarik)
- Ps = 1321.20 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 276.1 cm
Fn =
P
1470.00
=
= 1.400 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (1.400) = 0.700 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
0.700
=
= 0.823 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
Lx K x
276 .10 1
=
= 1.150 cm
max
240
39
Kontrol Tegangan
pr =
1470.00
= 45 .036 Kg/cm
(0.85 38 .40 )
ps =
1321.20
= 40 .478 Kg/cm
(0.85 38 .40 )
(aman)
an)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
x =
L x K x 276.10 1
=
= 90.822 < 240
ix
3.04
1 =
L x K x 276.10 1
=
= 141 .589 < 240
in
1.95
Batang D3 dan D3
Batang Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang D2 dan D2
- Ppr = 2125.634 Kg (tarik)
- Ps = 1684.894 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 467.44 cm
Fn =
P
1470.00
=
= 1.400 cm 2
0.75 0.75 1400
Fn1 =
1
1
Fn = (1.400) = 0.700 cm 2
2
2
Fbr =
Fn1
0.700
=
= 0.823 cm 2
a
0.85
Imin =
Lx K x
276 .10 1
=
= 1.150 cm
max
240
40
(aman)
(aman)
(am
2F > 2Fbr
2(19.2) = 38.40 cm2 > 1.646 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
pr =
1470.00
= 45 .036 Kg/cm
(0.85 38 .40 )
ps =
1321.40
= 40 .484 Kg/cm
(0.85 38 .40 )
(aman)
an)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
x =
L x K x 276.10 1
=
= 90.822 < 240
ix
3.04
1 =
L x K x 276.10 1
=
= 141 .589 < 240
in
1.95
41
(aman)
(aman)
(am
BAB V
PERHITUNGAN BAUT PADA TITIK BUHUL
5.1.
kekuatan baut
=1400 kg / cm2
b +t
2
dimana : b
= lebar profil
e2 = b e1
= tebal profil
e2 = 1,5 d
= diameter baut
e2 = 3,5 d
e1 = bidang x
e2 = bidang y
b +t
65 + 7
=
= 36.00 mm
2
2
e2 = 65 -36 = 29.00 mm
dicoba 1/2 = 12.25 mm
1.5 (12.25) e2 3.5 (12.25)
18.375 mm 29 mm 42.875 mm
b. Batang Horizontal ( B1 s/d B1 ) 50 . 50 . 6
e1 =
b +t
50 + 6
=
= 28.00 mm
2
2
e2 = 50 -28 = 22.00 mm
dicoba 1/3 = 8.47 mm
1.5 (8.47) e2 3.5 (8.47)
42
12.70 mm 22 mm 29.63 mm
c. Batang Vertikal ( V1 s/d V1 ) 35 . 35 . 4
e1 =
b +t
35 + 4
=
= 19.50 mm
2
2
e2 = 35 19.50
= 15.5 mm
dicoba = 6.35 mm
1.5 (6.35) e2 3.5 (6.35)
9.525 mm 15.5 mm 22.225 mm
d. Batang Vertikal ( V2 s/d V2 ) 60 . 60 . 6
e1 =
b +t
60 + 6
=
= 33.00mm
2
2
e2 = 60 33.00
= 27.00 mm
b +t
90 + 9
=
= 49.50 mm
2
2
e2 = 90 49.50
= 40.50 mm
b +t
120 +11
=
= 65.50 mm
2
2
e2 = 120 65.50
= 54.50 mm
43
b +t
65 +11
=
= 38.00 mm
2
2
e2 = 65 38.00 = 27.00 mm
dicoba 5/12 = 10.58 mm
1.5 (10.58) e2 3.5 (10.58)
15.88 mm 27.00 mm 37.04 mm
h. batang diagonal ( D2 s/d D2 ) 100 . 100. 10
e1 =
b +t
100 +10
=
= 55.00 mm
2
2
e2 = 100 - 55 = 45.00 mm
dicoba 2/3 = 16.93 mm
1.5 (16.93) e2 3.5 (16.93)
25.40 mm 45.00 mm 59.27 mm
i. batang diagonal ( D3 s/d D3 ) 100 . 100 . 10
e1 =
b +t
100 +10
=
= 55 mm
2
2
e2 = 100 - 55
= 45 mm
44
5.1.2
= 22 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 8 mm
= 20 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 8 mm
untuk profil 90 . 90 . 9
tebal profil t1 = 2 x 9
= 18 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 8 mm
untuk profil 65 . 65 . 7
tebal profil t1 = 2 x 7
= 14 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 7 mm
= 22 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 8 mm
45
= 12 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 6 mm
= 12 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 6 mm
= 8 mm
t2 =
= 8 mm
t terkecil
= 4 mm
pgs = n
P = 4325.64 kg
1
. . d2 . 0.6 .
4
46
= 2x
1
x 3.14 x ( 1.058)2 x 0.6 x 1600 = 1687.105 kg
4
1
. . d2 . 0.6 .
4
= 2x
1
x 3.14 x ( 0.847)2 x 0.6 x 1600 = 1081.41 kg
4
1
. . d2 . 0.6 .
4
= 2x
1
x 3.14 x ( 0.635 )2 x 0.6 x 1600 = 607.74 kg
4
1
. . d2 . 0.6 .
4
= 2x
1
x 3.14 x ( 1.2705 )2 x 0.6 x 1400 = 2128.768 kg
4
47
= 2229.44 kg
profil
Tabel plat
buhul
Pgs
Ptu
N yang
ditinjau
( mm)
( mm)
inci
( mm)
( kg )
( kg )
( kg )
A1s/dA1
65.65.7
1/2
12.705
2128.768
2229.44
2229.44
B1s/dB1
50.50.6
1/3
8.47
1081.41
1818.24
1818.29
V1s/dV1
35.35.4
1/4
6.35
607.74
1411.20
1411.20
V2s/dV2
60.60.6
5/12
10.58
1687.105
2223.36
2223.36
V3s/dV3
90.90.9
2/3
16.93
4325.64
3443.20
4325.64
V4
120.120.11
10/12
21.17
6758.81
4256.64
6758.82
D1s/dD1
65.65.11
5/12
10.58
1687.105
2223.36
2223.36
D2s/dD2
100.100.10
2/3
16.93
4325.64
3443.20
4325.64
D3s/dD3
100.100.10
2/3
16.93
4325.64
3443.20
4325.64
Batang
baut
F
A4
A4'
A3
A3'
D
H
V4
A2
A2'
D3
V2
D2
D2'
D3'
V3
V3'
V2'
D1
A1
A1'
D1'
V1
V1'
B1
B2
B3
B4
B4'
A1
B1
48
B3'
B2'
B1'
PA 1
P
6480.00
= 2.906 3 buah
2229.44
PB 1
P
6032.00
= 2.713 4 buah
2223.36
Perencanaan angker
Untuk memilih ukuran dan jarak angker pada prtemuan antara batang
horizontal dengan kaki kuda-kuda didasarkan atas gaya horizontal akibat
pengaruh angin hisap dan angin tekan yang menimbulkan reaksi horizontal
R1 = Resultan Angin Tekan
= 12.255 + 24.511 + 24.511 + 24.511 + 12.255
= 98.043 kg
R2 = Resultan Angin Hisap
= 48.062+ 96.124 + 96.124 + 96.124 + 48.062
= 384.496 kg
MA = 0
13953.959
12.8
RBv = 308.903 kg
()
MB = 0
RAv .12.8 - (R1 cos .9.6) + (R1sin 1.6) + ( R2 cos 3.2) + (R1sin 1.6)
RAv 12.8 - ( 852.228 + 6166.581 + 1114.064 + 261.111 ) = 0
49
=0
10833 .946
12 .8
RAv = 179.217 kg ( )
MK = 0
R1 sin + R2 sin RAH = 0
(98.043 x sin 25.1150 + (384.496 x sin 25.1150) RAH = 0
RAH = 204.807 kg
Sebagai penyambung plat buhul dengan plat pada tumpuan digunakan baut
1/ 2 ( 1.2705 mm) dengan gaya P = 2229.44 jumlah baut (n)
n=
RAH
204.807
=
= 0.092 2 buah
2229.44
P
ukuran angker yang direncana baut 1/2 (1.2705 cm) dengan gaya P =
2229.44 sambungan tampang satu.
Pgs = n
1
1
. . d2 . 0.6 . = 1 x x. 3.14 x (1.2705)2 x 0.6 x 1400 =
4
4
1064.38kg
Ptu = dlb . t . 1.5 . 1400 = 1.2705 x 0.8 x 1.5 x 1400 = 2229.44 kg
Pgs < ptu
p
2229.44
PA2 = 5550.00 Kg
D1
V1
PA1 = 6480.00 Kg
PB1 = 225.00 Kg
PB2 = 570.00 Kg
50
( aman )
Jumlah baut =
PA 1
P
6480 kg
= 2.906 3 buah
2229.44 kg
Jumlah baut =
5550 .00 kg
= 2.496 3 buah
2223 .36 kg
PV1
P
225.00 kg
= 0.159 2 buah
1411.201 kg
PD 1
P
570.00 kg
= 0.256 2 buah
2223.36 kg
PA2 = 5550.00 Kg
PA3 = 5550.00 Kg
A2
PV2 = 570.00 Kg
V2
PA 2
P
5550.00 kg
= 2.489 3 buah
2229.44 kg
PA 3
P
5550.00 kg
= 2.489 3 buah
2229.44 kg
PV 2
P
570.00 kg
= 0.256 2 buah
2223.36 kg
A4
PA4 = 3660.00 Kg
PD2 = 1470.00 Kg
A3
D2
PA3 = 5550.00 Kg
PD3 = 1470.00 Kg
V3
D3
PV3 = 225.00 Kg
51
Jumlah baut =
PA 3
P
5550.00 kg
= 2.489 3 buah
2229.44 kg
PA 4
P
3660 .00 kg
= 1.641 2 buah
2229 .44 kg
PD 2
P
1470 .00 kg
= 0.33 2 buah
4325 .64 kg
PD 3
P
1470.00 kg
= 0.33 2 buah
4325.64 kg
PV 3
P
225.00 kg
= 0.101 2 buah
2229.44 kg
PV4 = 2655.00 Kg
PA4 = 3660.00 Kg
PA4 = 3660.00 Kg
A4
V4
A4
PV 4
P
2655.00 kg
= 0.39 2 buah
6758.82 kg
PA 4
P
3660.00 kg
= 21 .642 2 buah
2229.44 kg
PA 4'
P
3660.00 kg
= 1.642 2 buah
22239.44 kg
PB1 = 5820.00 Kg
52
PB2 = 5820.00 Kg
PV1 = 225.00 Kg
B1
B2
PB 1
P
5820.00 kg
= 3.201 4 buah
1818.24 kg
PB 2
P
5820.00 kg
= 3.201 4 buah
1818.24 kg
PV1
P
225.00 kg
= 0.159 2 buah
1411.20 kg
PB2 = 5820.00 Kg
PB3 = 4170.00 Kg
B2
B3
PD1 = 930.00 Kg
PD2 = 1470.00 Kg
PV2 = 570.00 Kg
PB 2
P
5820.00 kg
= 3.201 4 buah
1818.80 kg
PB 3
P
4170.00 kg
= 2.294 3 buah
1818.80 kg
PD 1
930.00 kg
=
= 0.511 2 buah
1818.80 kg
P
53
Jumlah baut =
PD 2
P
1470.00 kg
= 0.808 2 buah
1818.80 kg
PV 2
P
570.00 kg
= 0.31 2 buah
1818.80 kg
PB4 = 4170.00 Kg
B4
PV3 = 225.00 Kg
PB 3
P
4170.00 kg
= 2.29 3 buah
1818.80 kg
PB 4
P
4170.00 kg
= 2.29 3 buah
1818.80 kg
PV 3
P
225.00 kg
= 0.123 2 buah
1818.80 kg
PB4 = 4170.00 Kg
V4
D3
PB4 = 4170.00 Kg
PD3 = 1470.00 Kg
B4
B4
PD3 = 1470.00 Kg
PV4 = 2655.00 Kg
PB 4
P
4170.00 kg
= 2.29 3 buah
1818.80 kg
54
Jumlah baut =
PB 4 '
P
4170 .00 kg
= 2.29 3 buah
1818 .80 kg
PD 3
P
1470 .00 kg
= 1.042 2 buah
1411 .20 kg
PD 3 '
P
1470.00 kg
= 1.042 2 buah
1411.20 kg
PV 4
P
2655.00 kg
= 1.191 2 buah
2229.44 kg
1
1
P=
. 5550.00 Kg = 2775.00 kg
2
2
1
. d2
4
1
=1.
(3.14) (1.2705)2 . 0.6 (1400)
4
Pgs = n
= 1064.384 Kg
Ptu = d . t . 1.5
55
P1
2775.00
=
= 2.607 3 buah
Pgs 1064.384
Pgs = n
= 2128.768 Kg
Ptu = d . t . 1.5
= 1.3705 . 0.8 . 1.5 . 1400
= 2302.44 Kg
karena Ptu > Pgs, maka Pgs yang menentukan
Jumlah baut (n) =
P1
5550.00
=
= 2.607 3 buah
Pgs
2128.768
56
= 473.059 Kg
Ptu = d . t . 1.5
= 0.947 . 0.8 . 1.5 (1400)
= 1590.96 Kg
Karena Pgs < Ptu , maka Pgs yang menentukan
Jumlah baut (n) =
P1
2910.00
=
= 6.151 7 buah
Pgs
473.059
= 946.118 Kg
Ptu = d . t . 1.5
= 0.947 . 0.8 . 1.5 . 1400
= 1590.96 Kg
karena Ptu > Pgs, maka Pgs yang menentukan
57
P1
5820.00
=
= 6.151 7 buah
Pgs
946.118
BAB VI
PERHITUNGAN ZETTING
Lendutan atau zetting terjadi pada konstruksi kuda-kuda diakibatkan oleh
konstruksi tersebut, untuk menghitung lendutan tersebut digunakan rumus sebagai
berikut :
58
1
1
f max =
s d
L
360
250
= panjang bentangan
1
1280
360
= 3.556 cm
Besarnya penurunan yang terjadi terhadap kaki kuda-kuda akibat
pembebanan tersebut, dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan metode usaha Virtual
f max =
SLU
E F
dimana :
= Penurunan yang terjadi (cm)
S = Panjang batang akibat beban luar (Kg)
L = Panjag batang (cm)
U = Gaya batang akibat beban 1 ton (ton)
E = Modulus elastisitas baja (2,1 x 106 Kg/cm2)
F = Luas penampang profil (cm2)
Dalam peninjauan ini beban 1 ton zetting tersebut dianggap bekerja pada
bagian bawah dari kuda-kuda, dibagian tengah yaitu pada titik buhul F.
F
A4
A4'
A3
A3'
D
H
V4
A2
D3
V2
D2
A2'
D2'
D3'
V3
V3'
V2'
D1
A1
V1'
V1
B1
A1'
D1'
B2
B3
B4
1/2Ton
B4'
B3'
B2'
B1'
1/2Ton
159
Ton
R B = 1/2 T on
( + ) V4
1 T on
( - ) A4 = A3 = A2 = A1
R A = 1/2 T on
( + ) B 1 = B 2 = B 3 = B4
BATANG
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B4 = B3 = B2 = B1
A1 = A2 = A3 = A4 = A4 = A3 = A2 = A1
V4
BERAT
1050 = 1.050
1170 = - 1.170
1000 = 1.000
S
( Kg )
-6480.000
-5550.000
-5550.000
-3660.000
-6480.000
L
( Cm )
176.70
176.70
176.70
176.70
176.70
U
(1 Satuan)
-1.1700
-1.1700
-1.1700
-1.1700
-1.1700
60
F
( Kg / Cm ) ( Cm2 )
2100000 2 8.70
2100000 2 8.70
2100000 2 8.70
2100000 2 8.70
2100000 2 8.70
2
f=
S.L.U
E.F
0.037
0.031
0.031
0.021
0.037
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4
B1
B2
B3
B4
V1
V2
V3
V4
V1
V2
V3
D1
D2
D3
D1
D2
D3
-5550.000
-5550.000
-3660.000
5820.000
5820.000
4170.000
4170.000
5820.000
5820.000
4170.000
4170.000
382.700
-867.673
382.700
2655.000
382.700
-867.673
382.700
-1179.600
2125.634
-2125.634
-1179.600
2125.634
-2125.634
176.70
176.70
176.70
160.00
160.00
160.00
160.00
160.00
160.00
160.00
160.00
0.750
1.500
2.250
3.000
0.750
1.500
2.250
176.700
2.761
2.761
176.700
2.761
4.675
-1.1700
-1.1700
-1.1700
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.000
-
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2100000
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8.70
8.70
8.70
5.69
5.69
5.69
5.69
5.69
5.69
5.69
5.69
2.67
6.91
15.5
25.4
2.67
6.91
15.5
13.2
19.2
19.2
13.2
19.2
19.2
0.031
0.031
0.021
0.041
0.041
0.029
0.029
0.041
0.041
0.029
0.029
0.000
0.521
(aman)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Darmawan, Loawikarya, Prof. Ir,1984, Konstruksi Baja I,Badan Penerbit
Pekerjaan Umum, Jakarta Selatan
2. Syahrul, Amri, 1985, Konstruksi Baja Rancangan Struktur I, Fakultas Teknik
Syaih Kuala, Banda Aceh
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