PERKAMPUNGAN ILMU 2015

SMK TOH INDERA WANGSA AHMAD

BIOLOGI

(a)

(i)

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is

important for the continuity in life of organisms. The process helps to
maintain a constant internal environment.
Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma di dalam sel adalah
penting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses ini mengekalkan
persekitaran dalaman organism.
Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organism.
Terangkan kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian organism hidup.
[ 4 marks/ markah]

(ii)

Diagram below shows two types of transport of substances through plasma

membrane.
Rajah menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma.

Type 1
Jenis 1

ATP

Type 2
Jenis 2
Outside of cell
Bahagian luar sel

Inside of cell
Bahagian dalam sel

Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane shown

in diagram.
Terangkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma yang
ditunjukkan dalam rajah.
[ 6 marks/ markah]
(b)

A student carry out the experiment to determine the concentration of an external solution
which is isotonic to the cell sap. The student immersed the potato strips in a different
concentration of sugar in 30 minutes time.
Diagram shows graph plotted to show the change in mass against concentration of
solution.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengetahui kepekatan larutan di luar
sel yang isotonik dengan kepekatan sap sel. Pelajar itu merendam jalur ubi kentang di
dalam kepekatan larutan gula yang berbeza.
Rajah menunjukkan graf yang diplot untuk menunjukkan perubahan dalam jisim
melawan kepekatan larutan.

Graph of change in mass versus concentration of solution

Change in
mass (/g)
0.4
0.3
P

0.2
0.1
0
0.1

Concentration of solution / moldm

0

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

-3

0.8

0.2

0.3

(i)

Based on the graph in Diagram (b), state the concentration of the solution that is
isotonic to cell sap.

Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah (b) , nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang isotonik
kepada sel sap.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)

Explain what happen to the cell at point P , Q and R.

Terangkan apa yang berlaku terhadap sel di titik P, Q dan R.
[ 9 marks/ markah]
[Medium]

Diagram (a) below shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of an
extracellular enzyme in an animal cell.
Rajah (a) di bawah menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan
enzim luar sel di dalam sel haiwan.

Secretory vesicle
Vesikel renbesan
Golgi apparatus
Jasad golgi

Transport vesicle
Vesikel pengangkut
Ribosome
Ribosoma

Nucleus
Nukleus

(a)

Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Jalinan endoplasma
kasr

Based on diagram (a), explain the processes involved in the production of extracellular
enzymes.
Berdasarkan rajah (a), terangkan proses-proses yang terlibat dalam penghasilan
enzim luar sel.
[ 6 marks/ markah]

(b)

Diagram (b) shows two types of complex molecules.

Rajah (b) menunjukkan dua jenis molekul kompleks.

Molecule Y
Molecule Y

Molecule X
Molecule X

Plant cell wall

Dinding sel tumbuhan

Monomer
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Monosakarida

Monomer
Monomer

Monomer
Monomer
Basic unit : amino acid
Unit asas : asid amino

Basic unit : Monosaccharide

Unit asas : monosakarida

Based on diagram (b), explain

Berdasarkan rajah (b), terangkan
(i)

The formation of molecules X / pembentukan molekul X

(ii)

The breakdown of molecule Y / penguraian molekul Y

[ 4 marks/ markah]
Starch, protein and lipid can be hydrolysed by the enzymes X, Y and Z respectively.
Diagram (c) is a graph which shows the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme activity.
Kanji, protein dan lipid masing-masing dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim X, Y and Z.
Rajah (c) ialah graf yang menunjukkan kesan pH ke atas kadar aktiviti enzim.

Rate of enzymatic activity

Kadar tindakbalas enzim

(c)

pH
0

10

Based on the diagram (c), name X, Y, Z and explain how the changes in pH affect
enzyme activity.
Berdasarkan rajah (c), namakan X, Y, Z dan terangkan bagaimana perubahan pH
menjejaskan aktiviti enzim.
[ 10 marks/ markah]
3

Diagram below shows the assimilation of digested food in the liver and body cell.
Rajah di bawah
asimilasi hasil
makanan, di sel
badan.

menunjukkan
pencernaan
hati dan sel

Liver
hati
Body cell
Sel badan

Urea
Urea
Glucose
Glukosa

Kidneys
Ginjal

Amino acids
Asid amino

Glycogen
Glikogen
Glucose
Glukosa
Lipid
Lipid
Glucose Amino acids
Glukosa Asid amino

Carbohydrates Protein
Protein
Karbohidrat

(a)

Glycerol
Fatty acids + Gliserol
+
Asid lemak

Ileum
Ileum

Lipid
Lipid

Based on the diagram, explain the assimilation of the following:

Berdasarkan rajah, terangkan asimilasi bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
(i)

Glucose/glukosa

(ii)

Amino acids/asid amino

(iii)

Lipids/lipid
[ 10 marks/ markah]
[Medium]

Figure (a) shows the structure of leaf. Figure (b) shows the organelle M that is involved in the
formation of starcth in green plants.
5

Rajah (a) menunjukkan struktur daun. Rajah (b) menunjukkan organ M yang terlibat dalam
penghasilan kanji oleh tumbuhan hijau.

Figure (a)
Rajah (a)

(a)

Figure (b)
Rajah (b)

Explain the mechanisms that takes place in organelle M that is involved in the
formation of starch in the green plant.
Terangkan mekanisma yang berlau dalam organel M yang terlibat dalam pembentukan
kanji oleh tumbuhan hijau.
[ 10 marks/ markah]

(b)
Breakfast

Lunch

Dinner

Sarapan pagi

Makan tengahari

Makan malam

Full cream milk

Rice with beef curry

Chicken burger

Susu penuh krim

Nasi dengan kari daging

Burger ayam

Fried egg

Fried chicken/ Ayam goreng

Cheese cake

Telur goreng
Ice cream/ Ais krim
Fried chicken rice

Carbonated soft drink

Kek keju

Teh tarik

Nasi goreng ayam

Minuman berkarbonat

Explain the long term effects of consuming excess of these foods on Hariths health.
Terangkan kesan jangka masa panjang pengambilan makanan tersebut yang
berlebihan ke atas kesihatan Harith.
[ 10 marks/ markah]

(b)

Table below shows a daily food intake by a teenager.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pengambilan makanan harian seorang remaja.

Breakfast/sarapan

Lunch/makan tengahari

Dinner/ makan malam

Full cream milk

Susu penuh krim

Fried noodles
Mee goreng

Pasta with cream sauce

Pasta dengan sos krim

Fried egg
Telur goreng

Fried chicken
Ayam goring

Cream of mushroom soup

Sup cendawan berkrim

Fried sausage
Sosej goreng

Ice cream
Ais krim

Cheese cake
Kek keju

Carbonated soft drink

Minuman berkarbonat
(i)

Suggest two health problems which that teenager could have if she continuously
taking the above menu for a long time. Explain your answers.
Cadangkan dua masalah kesihatan yang dihadapi oleh remaja tersebut sekiranya
dia mengambil menu itu dalam jangka masa panjang. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[ 4 marks/ markah]

(ii)

Explain ways to improve daily food intake by stating the reasons for your choice
of food.
Terangkan cara-cara memperbaiki pengambilan makanan dengan menyatakan
alasan pemilihan tersebut.
[ 6 marks/ markah]

(a)

Diagram (a) and (b) show the impact of human activities to the quality of natural environment.

Rajah (a) dan (b) menunjukkan impak aktiviti manusia ke atas kualiti alam semulajadi.
Dissolved in water vapour
Larut dalam wap air
Emissions gas
from the
factories
Pembebasab
gas dari
kilang-kilang

Acid
particles
& gases

Acid
snow

Acid
rain

Diagram (a)
Rajah (a)
Sunlight
Cahaya matahari
Ultraviolet rays
Sinaran ultraunggu

Ozone layer
Lapisan ozon

CFC

Diagram (b)
Rajah (b)
(i)

State the phenomenon shown in diagram (a) and (b).

Nyatakan fenomena yang ditunjukkan di (a) and (b)
[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii)

Discuss the differences of both environmental phenomena shown in diagram (a) and (b)
based on the following aspects:
- The causes
- The effects and
- The ways to overcome
Bincangkan perbeaan kedua-dua fenomena alam sekitar yang ditunjukkan di rajah (a)

dan (b) berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut:

- Punca
- Kesan dan
- Cara untuk mengatasi
[ 10 marks/ markah]
(b)

Explain the importance of preservation and conservation of tropical rainforest in

Malaysia for the purpose of sustainable management of ecosystem.
Terangkan kepentingan pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan hutan hujan tropikal di
Malaysia untuk tujuan pengurusan berterusan ekosistem.
[ 9 marks/ markah]

(b)

Diagram below shows a large area of forest involved in the building of a dam.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu kawasan hutan yang besar telah terlibat dalam
pembinaan sebuah empangan.

Discuss the good and bad economical and environmental effects of this development.
Bincangkan kesan baik dan buruk dari segi ekonomi dan alam persekitaran bagi
pembangunan ini.
[ 10 marks/ markah]
(b)

Diagram (a) shows a mangrove swamp forest and diagram (b) shows the same area 30
years later.
Gambarajah (a) menunjukkan hutan paya bakau dan gambarajah (b) menunjukkan
kawasan yang sama pada 30 tahun kemudiannya.

Diagram (a)
Rajah (a)

Diagram (b)
Rajah (b)

Discuss the good and bad effects of the activities that caused the changes.
Bincangkan kesan baik dan buruk akibat aktiviti yang menyebabkan perubahan
tersebut.
[ 10 marks/ markah]

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