SULIT 4551/2

Section B
Bahagian B

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.
6 (a) Diagram below shows a food pyramid.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pyramid makanan..

Based on Diagram above shows explain how a teenager may be able to plan his daily diet wisely
to maintain his normal growth and good health.
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas terangkan bagaimana seorang remaja lelaki akan mengatur gizi
hariannya secara bijak untuk mengekalkan proses pertumbuhan yang normal dan kesihatan yang
baik.
[10 marks / 10 markah]
(b) Sarapan pagi adalah 'hidangan yang paling penting'.
Makan sarapan adalah rahsia untuk kekal sihat, mengikut bukti ditemui oleh doktor di Amerika
Syarikat. Mereka percaya meninggalkan hidangan pertama setiap hari meningkatkan peluang
menjadi obes, diabetes atau serangan jantung. Kajian mereka mendapati bahawa orang yang
makan bijirin gandum setiap pagi adalah antara mereka yang paling mungkin untuk mendapat
manfaat kesihatan.
Breakfast is 'most important meal'.
Eating breakfast is the secret to staying healthy, according to evidence unearthed by doctors in
the US. They believe skipping the first meal of the day increases the chances of becoming obese,
developing diabetes or even having a heart attack. Their study found that people who eat whole-
grain cereals every morning are among those most likely to see the health benefits.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan menu sarapan untuk seorang dewasa.
The table below shows the breakfast menu for an adult.
Menu sarapan pagi
Breakfast menu
Roti serat tinggi 3 keping
High fiber bread 3 slice
Sapuan mentega kacang 1 sudu teh
Spreads peanut butter 1 teaspoon
Telur omega 3 separuh masak 1 biji
Omega 3 half boiled egg 1 piece
Susu segar 1 cawan
Fresh milk 1 cup
Tembikai 1 potong
Watermelon 1 slice
Nanas 1 potong
Pineapple 1 slice
Table 6 / Jadual 6
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Adakah menu sarapan pagi dalam jadual di atas merupakan diet yang seimbang untuk seorang
dewasa? Berikan alasan anda.
Does the breakfast menu in the table above is a balanced diet for an adult? Give your reasons.
[10 markah]

7(a ) Diagram 7.1 shows a forearm of humans.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan lengan atas manusia.

Joint S Joint T
Sendi S Sendi T

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

A joint is the location at which bones connect. They are constructed to allow movement and
provide mechanical support. Explain the similarity and difference between joint S and T?
Sendi adalah tempat di mana tulang-tulang bertemu. Sendi dibina untuk membolehkan pergerakan
dan memberikan sokongan mekanikal. Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sendi S dan T?
[6 marks/6 markah]

(b) A man has swollen ankle and is painful during movement after having a habit of
taking high protein diet and practicing unhealthy lifestyle.
Seorang lelaki mengalami bengkak pada buku lali dan berasa sakit ketika bergerak
setelah mengamalkan pengambilan diet yang tinggi kandungan yang protein dan
tidak mengamalkan gaya hidup sihat.

Based on your biological knowledge, discuss the statement above.

Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, bincangkan pernyataan di atas.
[6 marks /6 markah]

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(c) Diagram 7.2 show an earthworm and structure in its body.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan seekor cacing tanah dan struktur pada badannya.

Diagram 7.2/ Rajah 7.2

Explain how the structure in the earthworm involve in their movement .

Terangkan bagaimana struktur pada cacing tanah terlibat dengan pergerakannya.
[4 marks/4 markah]

(d) Diagram 7.3 shows flight muscle of a bird.

Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan otot penerbangan seekor burung.

Humerus
Humerus
W

Pectoralis minor muscle

Otot pektoralis minor

Diagram 7.3
Rajah 7.3

Explain the effect to locomotion of bird if structure W is torn.

Terangkan kesan terhadap pergerakan burung jika stuktur W terkoyak. [4 marks/4 mark]

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8 (a)(i) The diagram below shows a phenomenon which occurs in the earth’s atmosphere
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan suatu fenomena yang berlaku pada atmosfera bumi.

Infrared
rays
radiated
into space

Earth

Explain the effect of the phenomenon on the environment if the concentration levels of
carbon dioxide are increasing.
Jelaskan kesan fenomena tersebuit terhadap persekitaran jika kepekatan karbon dioksida
semakin meningkat.
[3 marks]

(ii) The diagram below shows the activity of forest burning. Discuss how this activity
causes disasters to the environment.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan aktiviti kebakaran hutan. Bincangkan bagaimana
aktiviti tersebut membawa kepada kesan buruk kepada persekitaran.
[7 marks]

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(b) Farmers add chemical fertilisers and spray insecticides on their crops. Discuss the goodand
bad effects of both activities and their impact on agriculture and the environment.
Para petani menambahkan baja kimia dan menyembur racun serangga kepada tanaman.
Bincangkan kesan baik dan buruk kedua-dua aktiviti tersebut terhadap pertanian dan
persekitaran.
[10 marks]

9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the characteristics and traits of five monohybrid crosses that
Mendel made between garden pea plants (Pisunt sativum).
Rajah 9 menunjukkan ciri dan trait bagi kacukan lima monohibrid yang dilakukan
oleh Mendel antara pokok-pokok kacang pea (Pisum sativum).

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9

Based on Diagram 9,
Berdasarkan Rajah 9,
(i) Identify and name the characteristics and traits studied.
Kenal pasti dan namakan ciri dan trait yang dikaji.
[4 marks] / [4 markah]
(ii) Calculate the ratio of phenotype dominant to phenotype recessive for any three
characteristics shown.
Hitung nisbah fenotip dominan kepada fenotip resesif bagi mana-mana tiga ciri
yang ditunjukkan.
[6 marks] / [6 markah]
H H h
(b) A normal man (X Y; has a wife (X X ) who is a carrier of haemophilia. Using a
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schematic diagram, explain the possible genetic combinations in their children.
Seorang lelaki normal (XHY) mempunyai isteri (XHXh) yang merupakan pembawa
hemofilia. Menggunakan rajah skema, terangkan kemungkinan kombinasi genetik
dalam anak-anak mereka.
[10 marks] / [10 markah]

END OF QUESTION
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

7 Similarity:
F1 : Both organism has antagonistic muscles
E1 : to allow coordinate movements of the body

Differences :
F2 : Earthworm has hydrostatic skeleton but grasshopper has exoskeleton
E2 : Earthworm – the force of contraction is applied to a fluid-filled
cavity (coelom)//
Grasshopper – muscles attached to the interior surface of exoskeleton
F3 : Earthworm has longitudinal and muscular muscle but grasshopper has flexor and
extensor muscles
E3 : for muscle contraction and relaxation
F4 : Earthworm muscle produce peristaltic waves along the body but for grasshopper
this will cause bending and straightening of the legs
E4 : in order to produce locomotion
F5 : Earthworm has bristles (chaetae) but grasshopper has a pair of long and strong
hind legs.
E5 : Chaetae is used to anchor the ground for earthworm but hind legs are adapted for
hopping for grasshopper.

8. (b) Add chemical fertilisers

Good Effects
G1 : Supplying required minerals/ions/nitrates/ammonia
G2 : Increase yield of crop
Any 1
Bad Effects
B1 : Excess fertilizers may be washed away
B2 : causing enrichment of water
B3 : Results in rapid growth of algae / algae bloom
B4 : Increased in BOD of water // decrease of oxygen content in river
B5 : Causes death of fish/aquatic animals in the river
Any 4
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Spray chemical insecticides
Good Effects
G3 : An effective way to kill/destroy/ insects /weeds
G4 : Population of insects / weeds reduce
Any 1
Bad Effects
B6 : Hazardous to farmers if inhaled
B7 : Contaminate the underground water / rivers
B8 : Causes the death of aquatic animals
B9 : In the long term, the insects / weeds may develops into mutant strain which is
resistance to the chemicals
B10 : Chemical insecticide no longer effective for the pest/weeds control

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