MODUL LATIHAN SAINS PT3

10. 10 Diagram 10 shows children suffered from a disease caused by malnutrition.

(S (S1) Rajah 10 menunjukkan kanak-kanak yang menghidapi penyakit akibat daripada malnutrisi.

(a)
Diagram 10

(a)(i) State the class of food needed in children's growth.

Nyatakan kelas makanan yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan kanak-kanak.

......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Based on Diagram 10, state the disease suffered by the children.

(ii)
Berdasarkan Rajah 10, nyatakan penyakit yang dihidapi oleh kanak-kanak tersebut.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) A volunteer takes part in "World Food Hunger" humanitarian mission in a country. He finds out that solid
food is not suitable to feed the starving children. They need to prepare wheat porridge for the children.
Explain why solid food is not suitable for the children.
Seorang sukarelawan menyertai misi kemanusiaan, "Kebuluran Sedunia" di sebuah negara. Dia
mendapati makanan pepejal tidak sesuai untuk diberikan kepada kanak-kanak yang kebuluran. Mereka
perlu menyediakan bubur gandum untuk kanak-kanak tersebut.
Jelaskan mengapa makanan pepejal tidak sesuai untuk kanak-kanak tersebut.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) A group of volunteers carry out a case study on the effectiveness of food to the children. The data
recorded is plotted in Graph 10.
Sekumpulan sukarelawan menjalankan satu kajian kes terhadap keberkesanan makanan kepada kanak-
kanak itu. Data yang telah direkod diplot dalam Graf 10.

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Graph 10

(i) Based on Graph 10, state the pattern and the value of the changes in the children's mass for the first
three months.
Berdasarkan Graf 10, nyatakan corak dan nilai perubahan jisim badan kanak-kanak tersebut bagi
tempoh tiga bulan pertama.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)
Diagram below shows two menu, P and Q.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua menu, P dan Q.

Potato Bread
Ubi kentang Roti
Wheat Meat
Gandum Daging
MilkP Carrot
Q
Susu Lobak merah

Choose the most suitable menu for the children after malnutrition is overcame. Give reason for your
answer.
Pilih menu yang paling sesuai untuk kanak-kanak tersebut setelah malnutrisi diatasi. Berikan alasan
bagi jawapan anda.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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10(a) A nutritionist gives a talk on balanced diet to a group of students. He uses a food pyramid as a guide to
(S2) determine the food that they should consume.
Seorang pakar pemakanan memberi ceramah kepada sekumpulan murid tentang gizi seimbang. Dia
menggunakan piramid makanan sebagai panduan untuk menentukan makanan yang perlu diambil.

Diagram 10 shows a food pyramid.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan piramid makanan.

Diagram 10
(i)
What is a balanced diet?
Apakah gizi seimbang?

.......................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) [1 mark]
Based on the food pyramid, why should farmers consume more food from level 1?
Berdasarkan piramid makanan itu, mengapakah petani perlu mengambil lebih makanan dari aras 1?

.......................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) [1 mark]
If a person's gall bladder is removed, which level of food should be avoided in his diet?
Explain your answer.
Jika pundi hempedu seseorang dibuang, aras makanan manakah yang perlu dielakkan dalam
pemakanannya? Jelaskan jawapan anda

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(b) During the talk, the students are given nutritional information found in two food samples, P and Q.
Semasa ceramah itu, murid-murid diberikan maklumat nutrisi yang terdapat dalam dua sampel makanan,
P dan Q.

P Q
Nutritional information per l00g Nutritional information per l00g
Maklumat nutrisi per 100 g Maklumat nutrisi per 100 g
Energy 263 kcal Energy 412 kcal
Tenaga Tenaga
Protein 3.7 g Protein 13.9 g
Protein Protein
Carbohydrates 57.4 g Carbohydrates 61.3 g
Karbohidrat Karbohidrat
Fat 0.3 g Fat 14.1 g
Lemak Lemak
Saturated fat 0.0 g Saturated fat 2.4 g
Lemak tepu Lemak tepu
Fibre 9.5 g Fibre 10.9 g
Serat Serat
Sodium 16 mg Sodium 660 mg
Natrium Natrium

(i) State two factors that determine a balanced diet of an individual.

Nyatakan dua faktor yang menentukan gizi seimbang bagi seseorang individu.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) Which food sample, if taken in large quantity for a long time can give negative effects to health?
Explain why.
Sampel makanan manakah jika diambil dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam jangka masa yang lama
boleh memberi kesan negatif kepada kesihatan? Jelaskan mengapa.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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10(a) Diagram 10 shows a meal prepared by a canteen operator for the students during recess.
(S3) Rajah 10 menunjukkan makanan yang disediakan oleh pengendali kantin untuk murid-murid semasa
waktu rehat.

(i) Diagram 10

State the main class of food in Diagram 10.

Nyatakan kelas makanan utama dalam Rajah 10.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) [1 mark]

State the function of the class of food in 10(a)(i).

Nyatakan fungsi bagi kelas makanan di dalam 10(a)(i).

.......................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
[1 mark]

In an activity during Physical Education, Haziq falls down and fractured his arm. Besides medical
treatment, he needs to consume certain type of food for rapid recovery.
Semasa aktiviti Pendidikan Jasmani, Haziq jatuh dan lengannya patah. Selain daripada rawatan
perubatan, dia perlu mengambil jenis makanan tertentu bagi pemulihan yang cepat.

SCHOOL CANTEEN MENU

MENU KANTIN SEKOLAH
White rice Milk
Nasi putih....................... RM X.xx Susu............................... RM X.xx
Fried chicken Carrot juice
Ayam goreng..................RM X.xx Jus lobak merah ...............RM X.xx
Curry puff Mineral water
Karipap......................... .RM X.xx Air mineral ....................... RM X.xx
Vegetable soup Papaya slice
Sup sayur........................RM X.xx Potongan betik...................RM X.xx

Based on the above menu, suggest a type of food that should be taken by Haziq. Give your reason.
Berdasarkan menu di atas, cadangkan satu jenis makanan yang patut diambil oleh Haziq. Berikan
alasan anda.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(c)

A hockey coach asks the canteen operator to prepare a menu for the school's
hockey team. R and S are the menus suggested by the canteen operator.
Jurulatih hoki meminta pengendali kantin menyediakan satu menu untuk pasukan hoki sekolah. R dan S
adalah menu yang dicadangkan oleh pengendali kantin itu.

MENU R MENU S

2 fried eggs 1 glass of low fat milk

2 biji telur goring 1 gelas susu rendah lemak

2 bananas 1 bowl of cereals

2 biji pisang 1 mangkuk bijirin

1 glass of milk 4 slices of watermelon

1 gelas susu 4 potong tembikai

2 slices of toast 1 boiled egg

2 keping roti bakar 1 biji telur rebus

1 plate of fried rice 1 bowl vegetable salad

1 pinggan nasi goreng 1 mangkuk salad sayuran

(i) Choose a suitable menu for a hockey player.

Give a reason for your answer.
Pilih menu yang sesuai untuk seorang pemain hoki. Beri satu alasan untuk jawapan anda.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]
(ii) Explain why milk is present in both menus.
Jelaskan mengapa susu terdapat dalam kedua-dua menu itu.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

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11 Atan takes part in an event during his school sports day. After the event, he found out that his spectacles
(S1) are covered with dust. He blows the dust on the glasses and found out the water vapour formed.
Atan mengambil bahagian dalam suatu acara semasa hari sukan sekolahnya. Selepas acara itu, dia
mendapati cermin matanya berhabuk. Dia menghembuskan habuk pada cermin mata itu dan mendapati
wap air terbentuk.

(a) What is the percentage of the carbon dioxide and oxygen composition in the air blown by Atan?
Write your answer in the table below.
Berapakah peratus komposisi karbon dioksida dan oksigen dalam udara yang dihembus oleh Atan?
Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam jadual di bawah.

Type of gas Composition (%)

Jenis gas Komposisi (%)
Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
Oxygen
Oksigen
[2 marks]
(b) Why the water vapour formed on the surface of the glasses of his spectacles?
Mengapakah wap air terbentuk pada permukaan cermin matanya?

......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Atan wants to prove that the exhaled air contains carbon dioxide.Explain how he could determine the
presence of carbon dioxide.
Atan hendak membuktikan yang udara hembusan mengandungi karbon dioksida. Terangkan
bagaimana dia boleh mengenal pasti kehadiran karbon dioksida.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Atan represents his school in 100 m sprint event. Explain why he becomes breathless after the event.
(d)(i) Atan mewakili sekolahnya dalam acara larian pecut 100 m. Jelaskan mengapa dia tercungap-cungap
selepas larian itu.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Before the event, Atan did a warm-up activity. Explain why the warm-up activity is important?

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(i) Sebelum acara itu, Atan melakukan aktiviti memanaskan badan.Jelaskan mengapa aktiviti
memanaskan badan itu penting.
.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

11(a) The members of a Community Service Programme wanted to prepare food for the villagers of Kampung
(S2) Bahagia. They cooked the food using two different methods.
Peserta Program Khidmat Masyarakat mahu menyediakan makanan untuk penduduk Kampung Bahagia.
Mereka memasak makanan itu dengan menggunakan dua kaedah yang berbeza.
Diagram 11.1 shows the methods used, P and Q.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan kaedah-kaedah yang digunakan, P dan Q.

.
Diagram 11.1
(i) Both methods involved combustion process which required certain conditions.
Complete the diagram belowto indicate conditions required for the process.
Kedua-dua kaedah tersebut melibatkan proses pembakaran yang memerlukan keadaan tertentu.
Lengkapkan rajah di bawah untuk menunjukkan satu keadaan yang diperlukan bagi proses itu.

(ii) [1 mark]

State the products of combustion from method P.

Nyatakan hasil pembakaran dari kaedah P.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) .......................................................................................................................................................................

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[2 marks]
Explain why down part of the pot used in method P turned more black than method Q after the cooking.
Jelaskan mengapa di bahagian bawah periuk kaedah P adalah lebih hitam daripada kaedah Q selepas
memasak.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
(b) [2 marks]

Diagram 11.2 shows two types of pot used for cooking.

Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan dua jenis periuk yang digunakan untuk memasak.

Diagram 11.2

Which pot is more suitable to keep the food warm for a longer time? Explain your answer.
Periuk manakah yang lebih sesuai untuk mengekalkan kepanasan makanan untuk jangka masa yang
lebih lama? Terangkan jawapan anda.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Two groups of community service members used stands with different heights to place the pot.
Diagram 11.3 shows stands at two different heights.
Dua kumpulan ahli khidmat masyarakat menggunakan tungku yang berbeza ketinggian untuk
meletakkan periuk.
Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan tungku pada dua ketinggian berbeza.

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Diagram 11.3

Explain what is the advantage of using higher stands.

Jelaskan apakah kelebihan menggunakan tungku yang lebih tinggi.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

11 SMK Tun Abdul Qadir's Environmental Club organises a campaign "Awareness Of Clean Air" during
(S3) Environmental Week.
Kelab Alam Sekitar SMK Tun Abdul Qadir menganjurkan kempen "Kesedaran Udara Bersih" semasa
Minggu Alam Sekitar.

(a) In an activity, the students are given an exposure on current issues related to air pollution.State one
example of air pollutant.
Dalam satu aktiviti, murid-murid diberi pendedahan tentang isu-isu semasa yang berkaitan dengan
pencemaran udara.
Nyatakan satu contoh bahan pencemar udara.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Air Pollution Index (API) is used to determine the level of air pollution in art area.
Table 11 shows an example of API.
Indeks Pencemaran Udara (IPU) digunakan untuk menentukan tahap pencemaran di suatu kawasan.
Jadual 11 menunjukkan satu contoh IPU.

API Status Health effect Health advise

IPU Status Kesan kesihatan Nasihat kesihatan

Good No bad effect to health Safe for outdoor activities

0-50
Baik Tiada kesan buruk kepada kesihatan Selamat untuk aktiviti luar rumah

Moderate No bad effect to health Safe for outdoor activities

51-100
Sederhana Tiada kesan buruk kepada kesihatan Selamat untuk aktiviti luar rumah

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Bad effect for patients with health

problem related to respiratory system
Unhealthy
101 - 200 Kesan buruk terhadap pesakit yang .....................................................
Tidak sihat
mengalami masalah kesihatan
berkaitan sistem resplrasl
Table 11

(i) Suggest a health advice if the API reading is 180. Write your answer in Table 11.
Cadangkan nasihat kesihatan jika bacaan IPU ialah 180. Tulis jawapan anda dalam Jadual 11.

[1 mark]

(ii) The health of a patient with disease related to respiratory system will be affected due to air pollution.
State one example of the disease.
Kesihatan pesakit yang menghidap penyakit berkaitan sistem respirasi akan terjejas akibat pencemaran
udara.
Nyatakan satu contoh penyakit itu.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Suggest actions that can be taken by the authority to reduce API level.
Cadangkan tindakan-tindakan yang boleh diambil oleh pihak berkuasa untuk menurunkan tahap IPU.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c) In an activity, students are shown two different pictures, Y and Z.

Dalam satu aktiviti, murid-murid ditunjukkan dengan dua gambar yang berbeza, Y dan Z.

Y Z

Which picture shows an environment with a better API status. Explain your answer.
Gambar manakah yang menunjukkan persekitaran dengan status IPU lebih baik. Jelaskan jawapan
anda.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

11
 MODUL LATIHAN SAINS PT3

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) One of the activities during the Environmental Week is to plant trees in the school compound.
Explain how the activity contributes in improving the air quality.
Salah satu daripada aktiviti semasa Minggu Alam Sekitar ialah menanam pokok-pokok di kawasan
sekolah.Terangkan bagaimana aktiviti itu menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan kualiti udara.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
12(a) Diagram 12 shows a structure of human kidney.
(S1) Rajah 12 menunjukkan suatu struktur ginjal manusia.

Diagram 12
(i) On Diagram 12, label X.
Pada Rajah 12, label X.
[1 mark]
(ii) State two functions of kidney other than excreting urea, water and mineral salt.
Nyatakan dua fungsi ginjal selain daripada menyingkirkan urea, air dan garam mineral.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) A patient with kidney failure need to undergoes haemodialysis treatment.
Explain how the treatment replace the function of a kidney.
Seorang pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal perlu menjalani rawatan hemodialisis.
Jelaskan bagaimana rawatan itu menggantikan fungsi ginjal.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

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[2 marks]

(c) The following bar chart shows the number of patients with kidney failures and their causes.
Carta bar berikut menunjukkan bilangan pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal dan penyebabnya.

Based on the bar chart, state the number of patients with kidney failure in year 2012.
(i)
Berdasarkan carta palang, nyatakan bilangan pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal bagi tahun 2012

..........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) State the main cause of kidney failure.

Nyatakan punca utama kegagalan ginjal

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) State a possible advice by a doctor to a patient who undergoes haemodialysis treatment.
Nyatakan nasihat yang mungkin diberikan oleh doktor kepada pesakit yang menjalani rawatan

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hemodialisis.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Explain the consequences faced by the patient if the advice is ignored.
Jelaskan akibat yang akan dihadapi oleh pesakit itu jika nasihat tersebut diabaikan.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

12(a) A football player sweats after playing football.

(S2) Seorang pemain bola sepak berpeluh selepas bermain bola sepak.

(i) State one example of waste product contained in sweat.

Nyatakan satu contoh bahan kumuh yang terkandung dalam peluh.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain what will happen if waste products are not excreted.
Terangkan apa akan berlaku jika bahan kumuh tidak disingkirkan.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]

(b) Pie chart below shows the volume of water loss from the body of the football player through few process
during a football match.
Carta pai di bawah menunjukkan isi padu air yang hilang daripada badan seorang pemain bola sepak
melalui beberapa proses semasa perlawanan bola sepak.

(i) Calculate the volume of water loss through sweating if the total lost is 3 litres.
Kirakan isi padu air yang hilang melalui perpeluhan sekiranya jumlah kehilangan keseluruhan ialah 3
liter.

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[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the changes in the volume of sweat during football training in a hot day.
Terangkan perubahan bagi isi padu peluh semasa latihan bolo sepak pada hari yang panas.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c) An athlete needs to consume a lot of water after a training session. Explain why.
Seorang atlet perlu mengambil banyak air selepas satu sesi latihan. Terangkan mengapa.

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

12 A man experiences pain when he urinates. He undergoes a medical examination. The doctor confirms
(S3) that he is suffering from kidney stone.
Seorang lelaki mengalami kesakitan semasa kencing. Dia menjalani pemeriksaan perubatan. Doktor
amengesahkan dia menghidap penyakit batu karang.
Diagram 12 shows the location of the stone in his kidney.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan lokasi batu karang itu di dalam ginjalnya.

Diagram 12

State the system shown in Diagram 12.

(a)(i)
Nyatakan sistem yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12.

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Why does he experiences pain when he urinate?
(ii)
Mengapa dia mengalami kesakitan semasa kencing?

15
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.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) Table 12 shows the water intake by the man in the first week of January.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan pengambilan air oleh lelaki itu dalam minggu pertama bulan Januari.

Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Hari Isnin Selasa Rabu Khamis Jumaat Sabtu Ahad

Water intake per day

(glass)
Pengambilan air sehari
3 R 3 3 3 3 2
(gelas)

Table 12
(i)
If the average water intake in that week is 3 glasses per day, calculate how many glasses of water
intake, R on Tuesday.
Jika purata pengambilan air dalam minggu tersebut ialah 3 gelas sehari, hitungkan bilangan gelas air, R
pada hari Selasa.

(ii)
[2 marks]
Diagram 12.2 shows a conversation between a doctor and a man.
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan perbualan di antara doktor dengan seorang lelaki.

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Diagram 12.2
(c)
Based on Table 12, what is the possible explanation given by the doctor?
Berdasarkan Jadual 12, apakah kemungkinan penjelasan yang diberi oleh doktor itu?

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

After the consultation with the doctor, the man changes his daily water intake but still continues to
consume salty food.
In your opinion, what are the consequences of his action?
Selepas perundingan dengan doktor, lelaki itu mengubah pengambilan air hariannya tetapi masih kekal
mengambil makanan yang tinggi kandungan garam.
Pada pendapat anda, apakah akibat daripada tindakannya itu?

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

17