Appendiks C

APPENDIKS A
NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas olah = 30000 kg/ jam
A. PROSES PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CPO

1. STERILIZER
<2> <3>
STERILIZER
<1> <5>
<4>
Fraksi (%) Massa (kg)

Tandan Buah Segar <1> 30000
Buah sawit 60.5 18150
Mesocarp 78.4 14229.6 (Naibaho)
Minyak 77.4 11013.71
Air 10.0 1422.96
Serat 12.6 1792.93
Cangkang 12.6 2286.90
Inti 9.0 1633.50
Minyak Inti 79.0 1290.47
Air 10.0 163.35
Daging Inti 11.0 179.69
Tandan kosong 39.5 11850

Lumpur 30.0 3555
STEAM <2> 16.3 4883.06
EXHAUSE STEAM <3> 8.28 2483.06
KONDENSAT <4>
Slurry 8.0 2400
Minyak 0.55 13.20
Air 97.2 2331.84
Impurities 2.29 54.96
TBS MASAK<5>
TBS masak 30000
Mesocarp 81.9 17784.6
Minyak 84.9 15102.44
Air 5.0 889.23
Serat 10.1 1792.93
Cangkang 12.6 2286.9
Inti 5 1633.5
Minyak Inti 79 1290.47
Air 10 163.35
Daging Inti 11 179.69
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <1> Aliran <2> Aliran <3> Aliran <4> Aliran <5>
x m x m x m x m x m
1 Buah sawit 0.61 18150 0.7 21705
2 Tandan kosong 0.40 11850 0.3 8295
3 Steam 1 4883
4 Exhause steam 1 2483
5 Kondensat 1 2400
1 30000 1 4883 1 2483 1 2400 1 30000
TOTAL
34883 34883
2. THRESSER
<5> <6>
THRESSER
<7>
TBS MASAK <5>

TBS masak 30000
Mesocarp 81.9 17784.6
Minyak 84.9 15102.44
Air 5.0 889.23
Serat 10.1 1792.93
Inti 5 1633.5
Air 10 163.35
TANDAN KOSONG (To Boiler) <6> 8295
BUAH SAWIT <7> 21705

Mesocarp 81.9 17784.6
Minyak 84.9 15102.44
Air 5.0 889.23
Serat 10.1 1792.93
Inti 5 1633.5
Air 10 163.35
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <5> Aliran <6> Aliran <7>
x m x m x m
1 Buah sawit 0.72 21705 1 21705
2 Tandan kosong 0.28 8295 1 8295
1 30000 1 8295 1 21705
TOTAL
30000 30000
3. DIGESTER
<8>
<7> <9 >
DIGESTER
BUAH SAWIT <7> 21705

Mesocarp 81.94 17784.60
Minyak 84.9 15102.44
Air 5.0 889.23
Serat 10.1 1792.93
Cangkang 12.60 2286.90
Inti 5.46 1633.50
Air 10.0 163.35
STEAM <8> 6429.51
LUMATAN BUAH SAWIT <9> 28134.51

Minyak 8.05 2265.37
Air 23.48 6607.35
Mesocarp 54.53 15341.39
Minyak 83.7 12837.07
Air 4.6 711.38
Serat 11.7 1792.93
Cangkang 8.13 2286.90
Inti 5.81 1633.50
Air 10.0 163.35
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Mesocarp 0.82 17785 0.55 15341
2 Cangkang 0.13 2287 0.08 2287
3 Inti 0.05 1634 0.06 1634
4 Steam 1.00 6430
5 Minyak 0.08 2265
6 Air 0.23 6607
1 21705 1 6429.5 1 28135
TOTAL
28134.51 28134.51
4. SCREW PRESS
<9> < 11 >

SCREW
PRESS
< 10 >
LUMATAN BUAH SAWIT <9> 28134.51

Minyak 8.05 2265.37
Air 23.48 6607.35
Mesocarp 54.53 15341.39
Minyak 83.7 12837.07
Air 4.6 711.38
Serat 11.7 1792.93
Cangkang 8.13 2286.90
Inti 5.81 1633.50
Air 10.0 163.35
HASIL PERASAN <10> 23799.39

Minyak 62.65 14909.88
Air 30.44 7245.55
Serat 1.88 448.23
Inti 2.33 555.39
Air 10.0 55.54
AMPAS KE DEPERICARPER <11> 4335.12

Serat 37.15 1610.44
Minyak 12.0 192.56
Air 4.5 73.19
Serat 83.5 1344.70
Cangkang 37.98 1646.57
Inti 24.87 1078.11
Air 10.0 107.81
Masuk Keluar
No Komponen Aliran <9> Aliran <10> Aliran <11>
x m x m x m
1 Mesocarp 0.55 15341
2 Cangkang 0.08 22870.03 640 0.38 1647
3 Inti 0.06 16340.02 555 0.25 1078
4 Minyak 0.08 22650.63 14910
5 Air 0.23 66070.30 7246
6 Serat 0.02 448 0.37 1610
1 28135 1 23799 1 4335
TOTAL
28135 28135
< 12 >
5. VIBRATING SCREEN I
10 > < 13 >

< VIBRATING SCREEN
1

Minyak 62.65 14909.88
Air 30.44 7245.55
Serat 1.88 448.23
Inti 2.33 555.39
KE DEPERICARPER <12> 1372.73

Serat 58.46 802.43
Serat 11.2 89.65
Air 9.0 72.46
Inti 40.46 555.39
Minyak 1.09 14.91
KE CST <13> 22426.66

Serat 1.60 358.59
Air 31.98 7173.10
Minyak 66.42 14894.97
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.63 14910 0.01 15 0.66 14895
2 Air 0.30 7246 0.32 7173
3 Serat 0.02 448 0.58 802 0.02 358.6
4 Cangkang 0.03 640
5 Inti 0.02 555 0.40 555
1 23799 1 1373 1 22427
TOTAL
23799 23799
6. CYLINDRICAL SETTLING TANK
CYLINDRICAL SETTLING TANK

<13> <14>
<15>
KE CST <13> 22426.66

Serat 1.60 358.59
Air 31.98 7173.10
Minyak 66.42 14894.97
KE OIL PURIFIER <14> 15314.38

Air 4.68 717.31
Minyak 95.32 14597.07
KE SLUDGE TANK <15> 7112.27

Serat 5.04 358.59
Air 90.77 6455.79
Minyak 4.19 297.90
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.66 14895 0.95 14597 0.04 297.9
2 Air 0.32 7173 0.05 717.3 0.91 6456
3 Serat 0.02 359 0.05 358.6
1 22427 1 15314 1 7112
TOTAL
22427 22427
7. SLUDGE TANK
SLUDGE TANK
<15> <16>
<17>
KE SLUDGE TANK <15> 7112.27

Serat 5.04 358.59
Air 90.77 6455.79
Minyak 4.19 297.90

Air 18.57 64.56
Minyak 81.43 283.00
KE SCREEN 2 <17> 6764.71

Serat 5.30 358.59
Air 94.48 6391.23
Minyak 0.22 14.89
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.04 298 0.81 283 0.00 15
2 Air 0.91 6456 0.19 65 0.94 6391
3 Serat 0.05 359 0.05 359
1 7112 1 347.56 1 6765
TOTAL
7112 7112
8. VIBRATING SCREEN II
< 17 > <18 >
VIBRATING SCREEN 2
<19 >
KE SCREEN 2 <17> 6764.71

Serat 5.30 358.59
Air 94.48 6391.23
Minyak 0.22 14.89
KE DEPERICARPER<18> 422.50
Air 15.13 63.91
Serat 84.87 358.59
KE WWTP <19> 6342.21

Minyak 0.23 14.89
Air 99.77 6327.32
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.00 14.9 0.00 14.89
2 Air 0.94 6391 0.15 63.91 1.00 6327
3 Serat 0.05 358.6 0.85 358.59
1 6765 1 422.50 1 6342
TOTAL
6765 6765
<21>
9. DEPERICARPER
<20> <22>
DEPERICARPER
MASUK DEPERICARPER <20> 4253.09

Minyak 0.35 14.91
Air 3.21 136.37
Serat 42.98 1827.98
Cangkang 15.06 640.33
Inti 38.41 1633.50
KE CYCLONE <21> 1979.26

Minyak 0.75 14.91
Air 6.89 136.37
Serat 92.36 1827.98
KE NUT SILO <22> 2273.83
Cangkang 28.16 640.33
Inti 71.84 1633.50
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.00 14.91 0.01 14.91
2 Air 0.03 136.37 0.07 136.37
3 Serat 0.43 1828 0.92 1828
4 Cangkang 0.15 640.3 0.28 640
5 Inti 0.38 1633.5 0.72 1634
1 4253 1 1979 1 2274
TOTAL
4253 4253
10. CYCLONE <23>

CYCLONE
<21>
<24>
KE CYCLONE <21> 1979.26

Minyak 0.75 14.91
Air 6.89 136.37
Serat 92.36 1827.98
SERAT KELUAR CYCLONE <23> 1.98
SERAT KE SCFE <24> 1977.28

Minyak 0.75 14.91
Air 6.90 136.37
Serat 92.35 1826.00
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.01 14.91 0.01 14.91
2 Air 0.07 136.37 0.07 136
3 Serat 0.92 1828 1.00 1.98 0.92 1826
1 1979 1 1.98 1 1977
TOTAL
1979 1979
11. SCFE <26>
EKSTRAKTOR
<24>
<25>
<27>
SERAT <24> 1977

Minyak 0.75 14.91
Air 6.90 136.37
Serat 92.35 1826.00
CO2 <25> 2515.82

(Bahari, wahyu. Reaktor, Vol. 14 No. 3, April 2013, Hal. 242-246)
EKSTRAK <26> 2656.00
Minyak 4.76 127
Air 0.51 13.64
CO2 94.72 2516
SISA <27> (To Boiler) 1837.10

Serat 1837.10
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <24> Aliran <25> Aliran <26> Aliran <27>
x m x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.01 14.91 0.05 127
2 Air 0.07 136.37 0.01 13.64
3 Serat 0.92 1826 0.95 2516 1 1837
4 CO2 1.00 2516
1 1977 1 2516 1 2656 1 1837
TOTAL
4493 4493
12.SEPARATOR <28> ,
PARATOR
CO2 SEPARATOR
<26>
<29>
EKSTRAK <26> 2656.00

Minyak 4.76 126.55
Air 0.51 13.64
CO2 94.72 2515.82
CO2 <28> 2515.82
EKSTRAK KE OIL PURIFIER <29> 140.18

Minyak 90.27 126.55
Air 9.73 13.64
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.05 126.55 0.90 126.5
2 Air 0.01 13.64 0.10 13.64
3 CO2 0.95 2516 1.00 2516
1 2656 1 2516 1 140.2
TOTAL
2656 2656
13. OIL PURIFIER <30>

<31>
OIL PURIFIER
<32>

Minyak 94.97 15006.63
Air 5.03 795.50
CPO KE DRYER <31> 15263.35
Minyak 96.35 14706.49
Air 3.65 556.85
KE WWTP <32> 538.78

Minyak 55.71 300.13
Air 44.29 238.65
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.95 15007 0.96 14706 0.56 300
2 Air 0.05 796 0.04 557 0.44 239
1 15802 1 15263 1 538.8
TOTAL
15802 15802
14. VACUUM DRYER

<33>
VACUUM DRYER
<31> <34>
CPO KE DRYER <31> 15263.35

Minyak 96.35 14706.49
Air 3.79 556.85
AIR <33> 409.79
PRODUK CPO KE STORAGE <34> 14853.56

Minyak 99.01 14706.49
Air 0.99 147.06
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.96 14706 0.99 14706
2 Air 0.04 557 1.00 410 0.01 147.1
1 15263 1 410 1 14854
TOTAL
TOTAL
15263 15263
YIELD MINYAK = 49.02 % 11331.00 89741.52
B. PROSES PENGOLAHAN KERNEL MENJADI CPKO

15. NUT SILO
<35>
<22> <36>
NUT SILO
NOTE : Proses fermentasinya butuh steam atau udara panas? (Butuh dari neraca energi)
BIJI <22> 2273.83
Cangkang 28.16 640.33
Inti 71.84 1633.50
Minyak 79.0 1290.47
Air 10.0 163.35
Daging inti 11.0 179.69
BIJI MATANG <36> 2273.83

Air 6.11 138.85
Minyak 0.57 12.90
Cangkang 28.16 640.33
Inti 65.17 1481.75
Air 1.7 24.50
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <22> Aliran <36>
x m x m
1 Cangkang 0.28 640.3 0.28 640.33
2 Inti 0.72 1633.5 0.65 1481.7
3 Air 0.06 138.85
4 Minyak 0.01 12.90
1 2274 1 2273.8
TOTAL
2274 2274
<37>
16. NUT CRACKER
<35> <38>
NUT CRACKER
<36>
BIJI MATANG DARI NUT SILO <35> 2273.83
Air 6.11 138.85
Minyak 0.57 12.90
Cangkang 28.16 640.33
Inti 65.17 1481.75
Air 1.7 24.50
SLURRY TO WWTP <36> 152

Air 91.50 138.85
Minyak 8.50 12.90
CANGKANG <37> 657.16

Cangkang 95.49 627.53
Inti 4.51 29.63
Air 10.0 2.96
INTI <38> 1464.92

Cangkang 0.87 12.81
Inti 99.13 1452.11
Air 1.5 21.54
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <35> Aliran <36> Aliran <37> Aliran <38>
x m x m x m x m
1 Air 0.06 138.85 0.91 138.85
2 Minyak 0.01 12.90 0.09 12.90
3 Cangkang 0.28 640.33 0.95 627.53 0.009 12.81
4 Inti 0.65 1481.7 0.05 29.63 0.991 1452.11
1 2274 151.75 1 657.16 1 1464.92
TOTAL
2274 2274
18. HYDROCYCLONE <39>
<37>
HYDROCYCLONE <40>
<37>
HYDROCYCLONE <40>
<38>
<41>
CANGKANG <37> 657.16

Cangkang 95.49 627.53
Inti 4.51 29.63
Minyak 75.0 22.23
Air 10.0 2.96
Daging 15.0 4.45
INTI <38> 1464.92

Cangkang 0.87 12.81
Inti 99.13 1452.11
Minyak 85.7 1255.33
Air 1.5 21.54
Daging 12.0 175.24
AIR <39> 1061.04
CANGKANG <41> 1720.40

Cangkang 38.94 669.97
Air 61.06 1050.43
INTI <40> 1462.72

Air 0.73 10.61
Inti 99.27 1452.11
Minyak 86.4 1255.33
Air 1.5 21.54
Daging 12.1 175.24
Masuk Keluar
No. Komponen Aliran <37> Aliran <38> Aliran <39> Aliran <41> Aliran <40>
x m x m x m x m x m
1 Cangkang 0.01 627.5 0.01 12.81 0.4 670.0
2 Inti 0.99 29.63 0.99 1452 0.6 1050 1.0 1452
3 Air 1.00 1061 0.0 10.61
1 657.2 1 1465 1 1061 1 1720 1 1463
TOTAL
3183 3183
19. SILO DYER

<42>
SILO DRYER
<40> <43>
INTI <40> 1462.72

Air 0.73 10.61
Inti 99.27 1452.11
Minyak 86.45 1255.33
Air 1.48 21.54
Daging 12.07 175.24
AIR <42> 10.61
INTI KE SCREW PRESS <43> 1452.11

Inti 100.00 1452.11
Minyak 86.45 1255.33
Air 1.48 21.54
Daging 12.07 175.24
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Inti 0.99 1452.1 1.00 1452
2 Air 0.01 10.61 1.00 10.61
1 1462.7 1 10.61 1 1452
TOTAL
1462.72 1462.72
20. SCREW <PRESS

43 > < 45 >
SCREW PRESS
< 44 >
INTI KE SCREW PRESS <43> 1452.11

Inti 100.00 1452.11
Minyak 86.4 1255.33
Air 1.5 21.54
Daging 12.1 175.24
Minyak 95.55 1192.57
Air 1.64 20.46
Daging 2.81 35.05
AMPAS KERNEL <45> 204.04

Daging 68.71 140.19
Minyak 30.76 62.77
Air 0.53 1.08
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.86 1255.3 0.96 1192.6 0.31 62.77
2 Air 0.01 21.54 0.02 20.46 0.01 1.08
3 Daging 0.12 175.24 0.03 35.05 0.69 140.2
1 1452.1 1 1248.1 1 204.0
TOTAL
1452.11 1452.11
<47 >
21. VIBRATING SCREEN III
<44 > <46 >

VIBRATING SCREEN 3

Minyak 95.55 1192.57
Air 1.64 20.46
Daging 2.81 35.05
DAGING <47> 35.05
MINYAK KE OIL PURIFIER <46> 1213.03

Minyak 98.31 1192.57
Air 1.69 20.46
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.96 1192.6 0.98 1192.6
2 Air 0.02 20.46 0.02 20.46
3 Daging 0.03 35.05 1.00 35.05
1 1248.1 1 35.05 1 1213.0
TOTAL
1248 1248
<46>
22. OIL PURIFIER <49>
OIL PURIFIER
<48>
MINYAK KE OIL PURIFIER <46> 1213

Minyak 98.31 1193
Air 1.69 20.46
KE WWTP <48> 2.81 34.08

Minyak 69.98 23.85
Air 30.02 10.23
KE STORAGE <49> 97.19 1179

Minyak 99.13 1169
Air 0.87 10.23
Masuk Keluar
x m x m x m
1 Minyak 0.98 1192.6 0.70 23.85 0.99 1169
2 Air 0.02 20.46 0.30 10.23 0.01 10.23
1 1213.0 1 34.08 1 1179
TOTAL
1213 1213
YIELD MINYAK PKO = 3.93 % 762.2

### ###
###
APPENDIKS B
NERACA ENERGI
Tabel B-1. Komposisi Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Sawit dan

Minyak Inti Sawit (Ketaren, 1986)
Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Sawit Minyak Inti Sawit
Asam kaprilat - 4
Asam kaproat - 5
Asam laurat - 50
Asam miristat 2.5 15
Asam palmitat 43 7
Asam stearat 4 2.5
Asam oleat 43 15
Asam linoleat 7.5 1.5
Tabel B-2. Cp zat cair untuk ikatan (J/molK) (Perry,1997)

Ikatan Cp
CH3 36.82
CH2 30.38
CH 21.34
CO2 60.67
CH (iso) 20.92
COOH 79.91
Berat molekul :
C = 12 kg/kgmol
H = 1 kg/kgmol
O = 16 kg/kgmol
Cp Asam kaprilat (C8H16O2) = 1(CH3) + 6(CH2) + COOH

BM = 144 = 36.82 + 182.28 + 79.91
= 299.01 J/molK
= 2.076 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam kaproat (C6H12O2) = 1(CH3) + 4(CH2) + COOH

BM = 116 = 36.82 + 121.52 + 79.91
= 238.25 J/molK
= 2.054 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam Laurat(C12H24O2) = 1(CH3) + 10(CH2) + COOH

BM = 200 = 36.82 + 303.8 + 79.91
= 420.53 J/molK
= 2.103 kJ/kgK
B-19
Cp Asam miristat (C14H28O2) = 1(CH3) + 12(CH2) + COOH
BM = 228 = 36.82 + 364.56 + 79.91
= 481.29 J/molK
= 2.111 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam palmitat (C16H32O2) = 1(CH3) + 14(CH2) + COOH

BM = 256 = 36.82 + 425.32 + 79.91
= 542.05 J/molK
= 2.117 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam stearat (C18H32O2) = 1(CH3) + 16(CH2) + COOH

BM = 280 = 36.82 + 486.08 + 79.91
= 602.81 J/molK
= 2.153 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam oleat (C18H34O2) = 1(CH3) + 14(CH2) + 2(CH) + COOH

BM = 282 = 36.82 + 425.3 + 42.68 + 79.91
= 584.73 J/molK
= 2.074 kJ/kgK
Cp Asam linoleat (C18H34O2) = 1(CH3) + 12(CH2) + 4(CH) + COOH

BM = 282 = 36.82 + 364.6 + 85.36 + 79.91
= 566.65 J/molK
= 2.009 kJ/kgK
Tabel B-3. Komponen penyusun tandan kosong, cangkang, serat, inti (Johari, 2013)
Komponen Hemiselulosa Selulosa Lignin
Tandan kosong 35.3 38.3 22.1
Cangkang 22.7 20.8 50.7
Serat 31.8 34.5 25.7
Inti 20.5 50.77 22
Tabel B-4. Cp zat padat (J/molK)(Perry,1997)

Atomil Elemen E
C 10.89
H 7.56
O 13.42
N 18.74
Cp Selulosa (C6H10O5) = 6 (C) + 10(H) + 5(O)

BM = 162 = 208.04 J/molK
B-20
= 1.284 kJ/kgK
Cp Pentosan (C5H8O4) = 5 (C) + 8(H) + 4(O)

BM = 132 = 168.61 J/molK
= 1.277 kJ/kgK
Cp Lignin (C6H7O2(OH)3) = 6 (C) + 10(H) + 5(O)

BM = 162 = 208.04 J/molK
= 1.284 kJ/kgK
Cp tandan kosong = 1.227 kJ/kgK

Cp cangkang = 1.208 kJ/kgK
Cp serat = 1.179 kJ/kgK
Cp daging inti = 1.196 kJ/kgK
Cp minyak kelapa sawit = 2.092 kJ/kgK
Cp minyak inti sawit = 2.097 kJ/kgK
Cp lumpur = 0.882 kJ/kgK
Cp Air
T Cp (kJ/kgK)
0 4.22
10 4.195
20 4.185
25 4.182
30 4.181
40 4.181
50 4.183
60 4.187
70 4.192
80 4.199
90 4.208
100 4.219
T (kJ/kg)
133.48 2164.028
1. STERILIZER
<2> <3>
STERILIZER
<1> <5>
<4>
B-21
Tandan Buah Segar <1>
Peak I
P = 1.5 bar ,
T = 111.3
Bahan masuk
T = 30 C
o
T ref = 25 oC
Komponen m Cp (kJ/kgK) mCp
Buah sawit 18150.00 2.064 37461.013
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.123 13309.820
TOTAL 30000 50770.833
Cp campuran = 50770.833 kJ/K
30000 kg
= 1.692 kJ/kgK
Q = massa TBS x Cp campuran x (T-Tref)

= 30000 x 1.692 x 5
= 253854.163 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 50 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 18150.00 1.997 36240.279
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.227 14534.728
TOTAL 30000 50775.007

30000 kg
= 1.693 kJ/kgK

= 30000 x 1.693 x 25
= 1269375.174 kJ
Q yang dibutuhkan = 1015521.010 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 964744.95997 kJ
Konduksi Alat
B-22
Panjang alat = 12.85 m
Cp steam T=111,3 = 1.89 kJ/kgK
ro = 0.76 m
ri = 0.75 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 80.682
0.013
= 6091.384
Q = k x S x T
= 2631477.791 kJ
Q total yang dibutuhkan = 964744.95997 + 2631477.791

= 3596222.7510313 kJ
m steam untuk peak I = 1551.6443136282 kg
Peak II
P = 2.6 bar
T = 126.87 oC
Bahan masuk
T = 50 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 18150.00 2.064 37464.186
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.123 13309.820
TOTAL 30000 50774.005

30000 kg
= 1.692 kJ/kgK

= 30000 x 1.692 x 25
= 1269350.132 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 70 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 18150.00 1.997 36247.863
B-23
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.227 14534.728
TOTAL 30000 50782.591

30000 kg
= 1.693 kJ/kgK

= 30000 x 1.693 x 45
= 2285216.616 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 965073.16014 kJ
Konduksi Alat
Cp steam T=126,87 oC = 1.9 kJ/kgK
ro = 0.76 m
ri = 0.75 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 80.682
0.013
= 6091.384
Q = k x S x T
= 2631477.7911 kJ

= 3596550.9511972 kJ
m steam untuk peak II = 1639.5573103878 kg
Peak III
P = 3 bar
T = 133.48 oC
Bahan masuk
T = 70 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 18150.00 2.172 36247.863
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.123 14534.728
B-24
TOTAL 30000 50782.591

30000 kg
= 1.693 kJ/kgK

= 30000 x 1.693 x 45
= 2285216.616 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 18150.00 1.998 36261.347
Tandan kosong 11850.00 1.227 14534.728
TOTAL 30000 50796.075

30000 kg
= 1.693 kJ/kgK

= 30000 x 1.693 x 65
= 3301744.879 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 965701.850 kJ
Konduksi Alat
Cp steam T=133,48 C =
o
1.9 kJ/kgK
ro = 0.76 m
ri = 0.75 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 80.682
0.013
= 6091.384
Q = k x S x T
B-25
= 2631477.7911 kJ

= 3597179.641 kJ
m steam untuk peak III = 1652.670 kg
Konduksi Alat Lori

Cp steam T=111,3 C o
= 1.89 kJ/kgK
ro = 1.524 m
ri = 0.52 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 18.258658579
1.0752669247
= 16.98058
Q = k x S x T
= 7335.612 kJ
m steam diserap lori = 39.189 kg
Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 4883.061 kg
KONDENSAT <4>
Q = m kondensat x
= 3900.00 X 2164.028
= 8439709.2 kj
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
<1> 3808420.911 <3> 1660151.373
<2> 13307507.730 <4> 8439709.200
<5> 6856336.669
Kond. Alat 7335.612
Q loss 152395.788
TOTAL 17115928.641 TOTAL 17115928.641
DIGESTER
<8>
<7> <9>
DIGESTER
B-26
DIGESTER
P = 3 bar ,
T = 133.48 oC
Bahan masuk
T = 40 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 21705 1.997 43336.566
TOTAL 21705 43336.566

21705 kg
= 1.997 kJ/kgK
Q = massa TBS x Cp campuran x(T-Tref)

= 21705 x 1.997 x 15
= 650048.48945 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90 C
o
T ref = 25 C
o

Buah sawit 17784.60 2.519 44796.094
Minyak 15102.44 2.092 31589.438
Air 889.23 4.208 3741.880
TOTAL 33776.270 80127.412

33776.270 kg
= 2.372 kJ/kgK

= 33776.2704 x 2.3722989844 x 65
= 5208281.7779 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 4330321.624 kJ
Konduksi Alat
B-27
Cp steam T=133,48 oC = 1.9 kJ/kgK
ro = 0.76 m
ri = 0.75 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 114.736
0.013
= 8662.411
Q = k x S x T
= 9355404.0515 kJ
Q total yang dibutuhkan = 13913637 kJ

m steam yang dibutuhkan = 6429.509 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
<7> 650048.489449 <9> 5208281.7779
<8> 13913637.3399 Kond. Alat 9355404.0515
Q loss 227911.66442
TOTAL 14563685.8294 TOTAL 14563685.829
CONTINUOUS SETTLING TANK
CST
13> <14>
< <15>
Bahan masuk
T = 85 oC
T ref = 25 oC
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 14894.974401 2.0916777117 31155.48597
Air 7173.0960204 4.2035 30152.109122
TOTAL 22426.656341 61730.469633

22426.656341 kg
= 2.752548962 kJ/kgK
B-28
= 22426.656341 x 2.752548962 x 60
= 3703828.178 kJ
Bahan keluar
Aliran 14
T = 90 oC
Tref = 25 oC
Air 717.30960204 4.208 3018.4388054
Minyak 14597.074913 2.0916777117 30532.37625
TOTAL 15314.384515 33550.815056

15314.384515 kg
= 2.1908040133 kJ/kgK

= 15314.384515 x 2.1908040133 x 65
= 2180802.9786 kJ
Aliran 15
T = 90 oC
Tref = 25 oC
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 297.89948801 2.0916777117 623.1097194
Air 6455.7864184 4.208 27165.949248
TOTAL 7112.2718264 28211.93351

7112.2718264 kg
= 3.9666556901 kJ/kgK

= 7112.2718264 x 3.9666556901 x 65
= 1833775.6781 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 326288.002690565 kJ
Konduksi Alat
B-29
ro = 1.143 m
ri = 1.13 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 21.98
0.0114407521
= 1921.20237
Q = k x S x T
= 207489.85567 kJ

= 533777.8583607 kJ
Cp steam = 1.9 kJ/kgK

m steam = 237.5894 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 13 > 3703828.178 < 14 > 2180802.9786
Steam 533777.858361 < 15 > 1833775.6781
Kond. Alat 207489.85567
Q loss 15537.523938
TOTAL 4237606.03636 TOTAL 4237606.0364
SLUDGE TANK
SLUDGE TANK
<15> <16>
<17>
Bahan masuk
T = 85
T ref = 25 C
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 297.89948801 2.0916777117 623.1097194
Air 6455.7864184 4.2035 27136.89821
TOTAL 7112.2718264 28182.882471
B-30
7112.271826 kg
= 3.962571054 kJ/kgK

= 7112.2718264 x 3.9625710545 x 60
= 1690972.9482 kJ
Bahan keluar
Aliran 16
T = 90 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 64.557864184 4.208 271.65949248
Minyak 283.00451361 2.0916777117 591.95423343
TOTAL 347.5623778 863.61372591

347.5623778 kg
= 2.484773327 kJ/kgK

= 347.5623778 x 2.4847733273 x 65
= 56134.892184 kJ
Aliran 17
T = 90 C
Tref = 25 C
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 14.894974401 2.0916777117 31.15548597
Air 6391.2285542 4.208 26894.289756
TOTAL 6764.7094486 27348.319784

6764.709449 kg
= 4.042792967 kJ/kgK

= 6764.7094486 x 4.0427929672 x 65
= 1777640.7859 kJ

Q loss = 5%
B-31
Q = 149942.866375571 kJ
Konduksi Alat
Panjang alat = 2 m
ro = 0.9906 m
ri = 0.68 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 12.56
0.376220022
= 33.3847198
Q = k x S x T
= 3605.54973348 kJ

= 153548.41610905 kJ

m steam = 68.345804 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 15 > 1690972.94825 <16 > 56134.892184
Steam 153548.416109 < 17 > 1777640.7859
Kond. Alat 3605.5497335
Q loss 7140.1364941
TOTAL 1844521.36436 TOTAL 1844521.3644
OIL PURIFIER
<30>
<31>
OIL PURIFIER
<32>
Bahan masuk
T = 85 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 795.50424631 4.2035 3343.9020994
Minyak 15006.625229 2.0916777117 31389.023519
B-32
TOTAL 15802.129475 34732.925618

15802.12948 kg
= 2.197990193 kJ/kgK

= 15802.129475 x 2.1979901932 x 60
= 2083975.5371 kJ
Bahan keluar
Aliran 31
T = 90 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 556.85297242 4.208 2343.2373079
Minyak 14706.492724 2.0916777117 30761.243048
TOTAL 15263.345697 33104.480356

15263.3457 kg
= 2.168887544 kJ/kgK

= 15263.345697 x 2.1688875437 x 65
= 2151791.2232 kJ
Aliran 32
T = 90 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 238.65127389 4.208 1004.2445605
Minyak 300.13250458 2.0916777117 627.78047038
TOTAL 538.78377847 1632.0250309

538.7837785 kg
= 3.029090882 kJ/kgK

= 538.78377847 x 3.0290908823 x 65
= 106081.62701 kJ
B-33
Q loss = 5%
Q = 182592.178736802 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 0.62 m
ri = 0.61 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 4.7853695707
0.0162605209
= 294.293744
Q = k x S x T
= 31783.7243785 kJ

= 214375.90311532 kJ

m steam = 95.420674 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 30 > 2083975.53709 < 31 > 2151791.2232
Steam 214375.903115 < 32 > 106081.62701
Kond. Alat 31783.724379
Q loss 8694.8656541
TOTAL 2298351.4402 TOTAL 2298351.4402
NUT SILO
<35>
<22> <36>
NUT SILO
P= 1.5 bar ,
T= 111.3 o
C
Bahan masuk
T = 30 C
B-34
T ref = 25 C
Biji 2273.832 1.6517635667 3755.8328545
TOTAL 2273.832 3755.8328545

2273.832 kg
= 1.651763567 kJ/kgK

= 2273.832 x 1.6517635667 x 5
= 18779.164273 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90 C
T ref = 25 C
Biji matang 2273.832 1.6518524556 3756.0349729
TOTAL 2273.832 3756.0349729

2273.832 kg
= 1.651852456 kJ/kgK

= 2273.832 x 1.6518524556 x 65
= 244142.27324 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 236631.264415 kJ
Konduksi Alat
Panjang alat = 1.508 m Cp udara T=111,3 = 1.011 kJ/kgK
ro = 0.84 m
ri = 0.83 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 9.4718468094
0.011976191
= 790.889756
Q = k x S x T
B-35
= 1024993.1232 kJ
= 1261624.3876112 kJ
m udara panas = 15349.292926775
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 22 > 18779.1642725 < 36 > 244142.27324
< 35 > 1261624.38761 Kond. Alat 1024993.1232
Q loss 11268.155448
TOTAL 1280403.55188 TOTAL 1280403.5519
SLURRY STORAGE
Bahan masuk
T = 80
T ref = 25 C
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 14894.974401 2.0916777117 31155.48597
Air 7173.0960204 4.199 30119.83019
TOTAL 22426.656341 61698.190701

22426.65634 kg
= 2.751109651 kJ/kgK

= 22426.656341 x 2.7511096511 x 55
= 3393400.4886 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90
T ref = 25 C
Serat 358.58592 1.1792837318 422.87454189
Minyak 14894.974401 2.0916777117 31155.48597
Air 7173.0960204 4.2035 30152.109122
TOTAL 22426.656341 61730.469633

22426.65634 kg
= 2.752548962 kJ/kgK
B-36
= 22426.656341 x 2.752548962 x 65
= 4012480.5262 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 650034.039478905 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 1.4478 m
ri = 1.13 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 21.98
0.2478295302
= 88.6899958
Q = k x S x T
= 124520.754168 kJ

= 774554.79364707 kJ

m steam = 344.76142 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 13 a > 3393400.48857 < 13 b > 4012480.5262
Steam 774554.793647 Kond. Alat 124520.75417
Q loss 30954.00188
TOTAL 4167955.28222 TOTAL 4167955.2822
CST STORAGE
Bahan masuk
T = 80
T ref = 25 C
Air 717.30960204 4.199 3011.983019
Minyak 14597.074913 2.0916777117 30532.37625
TOTAL 15314.384515 33544.359269
B-37
15314.38451 kg
= 2.190382463 kJ/kgK

= 15314.384515 x 2.1903824628 x 55
= 1844939.7598 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90
T ref = 25 C

Air 717.30960204 4.2035 3015.2109122
Minyak 14597.074913 2.0916777117 30532.37625
TOTAL 15314.384515 33547.587163

15314.38451 kg
= 2.190593238 kJ/kgK

= 15314.384515 x 2.190593238 x 65
= 2180593.1656 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 352436.076039764 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 1.2954 m
ri = 1.05 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 20.2214771328
0.2100313636
= 96.278369
Q = k x S x T
= 51990.3192771 kJ
B-38
= 404426.39531689 kJ
m steam = 180.01389 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 14 a > 1844939.75981 < 14 b > 2180593.1656
Steam 404426.395317 Kond. Alat 51990.319277
Q loss 16782.670288
TOTAL 2249366.15513 TOTAL 2249366.1551
SLUDGE TANK STORAGE

Bahan masuk
T = 80
T ref = 25 C
Air 64.557864184 4.199 271.07847171
Minyak 283.00451361 2.0916777117 591.95423343
TOTAL 347.5623778 863.03270513

347.5623778 kg
= 2.483101625 kJ/kgK

= 347.5623778 x 2.4831016251 x 55
= 47466.798782 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 90
T ref = 25 C

Air 64.557864184 4.2035 271.3689821
Minyak 283.00451361 2.0916777117 591.95423343
TOTAL 347.5623778 863.32321552

347.5623778 kg
= 2.483937476 kJ/kgK

= 347.5623778 x 2.4839374762 x 65
= 56116.009009 kJ
B-39
Q loss = 5%
Q = 9081.6707379291 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 0.7112 m
ri = 0.6 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 5.550642782
0.170026029
= 32.6458414
Q = k x S x T
= 17628.7543746 kJ

= 26710.425112548 kJ

m steam = 11.889054 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 14 a > 47466.7987823 < 14 b > 56116.009009
Steam 26710.4251125 Kond. Alat 17628.754375
Q loss 432.46051133
TOTAL 74177.2238948 TOTAL 74177.223895
SILO DRYER
udara dari blower a udara dari blower b
Material masuk
Rate solid masuk (Ls) = 1462.7233 kg
B-40
Suhu solid masuk (Ts1) = 90 C
Suhu solid keluar (Ts2) = 100 C
Suhu udara masuk (TG2) = 130 C
Suhu udara keluar (TG1) = 60 C
Kapasitas panas solid (Cps) = 1.6518 kJ/kgK
Kapasitas panas air = 4.208 kJ/kgK
T ref = 25 C
Panas laten pada T=25C = 2442.3 kJ/kg
Rumus :
NT = ( Tg2 - Tg1 ) / LMTD
NT = ( Tg2 - Tg1 ) / ( ( t1 -t2 ) / ln (t1 / t2 ) )
NT = ( Tg2 -Tg1 ) / ( ( Tg2 - ts1 ) - ( ts2 - Tg 1 ) / ln (( Tg2 - ts1 ) / ( ts2 - 1 )) )
NT = ln (( Tg2 - Tw ) / ( Tg1 - Tw ))
Nilai NT berkisar antara 1.5 - 2.5 ( Mc.Cabe, 4th edition, hal 734 )
Nilai NT : 2,25 (ditetapkan terlebih dahulu)
Trial Tw = 51.753 C
NT= ln (( Tg2 - Tw ) / ( Tg1 - Tw ))
NT= 2.25
sehingga :
udara panas masuk pada temperatur 130oC , Tw 40, diperoleh :
humidity 0.015 kg uap air/ kg udara kering
Jumlah air yang ingi diuapkan = 10.61 kg
maka,
GH1 = 0.015 G + 10.6104
Komponen Masuk
Enthalpi udara panas masuk (130 C)
H'g2 = Cs ( Tg2- Tref ) + H2 0
(Pers. 9.10-24 Geankoplis 3rd edition,hal 562)
H'g2 = ( 1.005 + 1.88 H2 )(TG2- 25 ) + ( H2 x 0 )
Hg'2 = 145.12 kJ/kg udara kering
Enthalpi feed masuk

H's1 = Cps( Ts1 - Tref ) + X1 CpA ( Ts1 - T0 )
(Pers. 9.10-25 Geankoplis 3rd edition,hal 562)
H's1 = 113.38 kJ/kg udara kering
Komponen Keluar
Enthalpi udara panas keluar
B-41
H'g1 = Cs ( Tg1- Tref ) + H1 0
H'g1 = ( 1.005 + 1.88 H1 )(TG1- 25 ) + ( H1 x 0 )
H'g1 = 34.875 + 65.8 H1 + 2442.3 H1
H'g1 = 34.875 + 2508.11 H1
Enthalpi produk keluar

H's2 = Cps ( Ts2 - T0 ) + X2 CpA ( Ts2 - T0 )
H's2 = 128.56
Neraca Panas
G H'g2 + Ls H's1 = G H'g1 + Ls H's2 (Pers. 9.10-26 Geankoplis 3rd ed, p. 562)
145.1 G + 165838.25 = 34.88 G + 2508.11 GH1 + 188052.9
145.1 G + 165838.25 = 34.88 G + 37.62165 G + 214664.9
48826.653762 = 72.624 G
G = 672.32119
Kebutuhan steam untuk memanaskan udara pengering
m udara = 672.32119
Cp udara masuk= 1.0048 kJ/kgK
Cp udara keluar= 1.0165 kJ/kgK
T udara masuk = 25 C
T udara keluar = 130 C
T steam masuk = 133.48 C
T steam keluar = 50 C
steam = 2164.028 kJ/kgK
Q serap (udara)= Q lepas (steam)

71758.521 kJ = m x 2322.64
m steam= 30.9 kg
EKSTRAKTOR
Bahan masuk
T = 35 C
Tref = 25 C
Serat 1977.28 1.1792837318 2331.771975
CO2 2515.82 2.202 5539.8381204
TOTAL 4493.099293 7871.6100954

4493.099293 kg
= 1.751933261 kJ/kgK
B-42
= 4493.099293 x 1.7519332608 x 10
= 78716.100954 kJ
Bahan keluar
Aliran 24b
T = 40 C
Tref = 25 C
Serat 1977.2781666 1.1792837318 2331.771975
CO2 2515.8211264 2.251 5663.1133556
TOTAL 4493.099293 7994.8853306

4493.099293 kg
= 1.779369831 kJ/kgK

= 4493.099293 x 1.7793698312 x 15
= 119923.27996 kJ
Aliran 26
T = 40 C
Tref = 25 C
CO2 2515.82 2.251 5663.1133556
Minyak 126.55 1.1792837318 149.2334064
Air 13.64 4.181 57.015377556
TOTAL 2656.0037092 5869.3621396

2656.003709 kg
= 2.209847117 kJ/kgK

= 2656.0037092 x 2.209847117 x 15
= 88040.432093 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 135709.991653363 kJ
Konduksi Alat Ekstraktor
B-43
ro = 1.0414 m
ri = 0.7112 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 18.6416848193
0.3813675565
= 48.8811502
Q = k x S x T
= 5279.16422364 kJ
Konduksi Jaket Pemanas

ro = Err:509 m
ri = 1.36 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 18.6416848193
Err:509
= Err:509
Q = k x S x T
= Err:509 kJ
Q total yang dibutuhkan = 135709.99165 + Err:509

= Err:509 kJ

m steam = Err:509 kg
m steam untuk 3 ekstraktor = Err:509
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 24 a > 78716.1009541 < 24 b > 119923.27996
Steam Err:509 < 26 > 88040.432093
Kond. Alat Err:509
Q loss 6462.3805549
TOTAL Err:509 TOTAL Err:509
BAROMETRIK KONDENSOR
Air
B-44
Air
Uap air Air ke Jet Ejector

barometrik
t1= 55oC
Air menuju Hot Whell
Data Steam (Geankoplis A.2-9)

P T (oC) Hv HL Cp Air
kPa o
C kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kgoC
15.758 55 2600.9 230.23 2370.67 4.185
a) Entalpy Bahan Masuk (Uap Air) dari Evaporator

Tbahan = 55 oC
DT = Tbahan- Treferensi
= 55 - 25 = 30 o
C
H laten = m uap air x

= 163.35 x 2,371 kJ
= 92,514 kcal
H sensibel = m x Cp x T
= 163.35 x 4.185 x 30 kJ
= 4,900 kcal
Huap = H laten + H Sensibel

= 92,513.77 kcal + 4,900 kcal
= 97,413.28 kcal
Perhitungan air pendingin (hugot eq 40.5)

w= 607 + 0.3tv - t2 t2 = suhu air pendingin keluar
t2-t1 t1 = suhu air pendingin masuk
tv = suhu uap air masuk
tv - t2 = 0.1 + 0,02*a* (tv-t1)
Dimana a adalah perb udara dalam uap (%berat)

Dari tabel 40.16 Hugot, a=5-6 g per 1000 g uap yg terkondensasi
Ditetapkan a :
6 g/1000 g uap terkondensasi
Sehingga a = 0.006
Untuk menghitung suhu air pendingin keluar, persamaannya :
B-45
tv - t 2 = (0,1 + 0,02a) x (tv - t1)
55-t2 = 0.1 + 0.00012 x (55-30)
55-t2 = 0.10012 x 25
- t2 = -52.50
t2 = 52.50 o
C
Kebutuhan air pendingin

607 + 0.3tv - t2
w =
t2-t1
= 607 + 0,3 (55) - (52,5)
52,5-30
= 571.003
22.497
= 25.38 kg air pendingin/ kg uap terkondensasi
Uap terkondensasi sebanyak 95% dari uap masuk

Uap terkondensasi = 95% x uap masuk
= 0.95 x 163.4
= 155.18 kg
Air yang dibutuhkan = uap terkondensasi x W
= 155.18 x 25.38
= 3,939 kg
Hair pendingin = m x Cp x DT
= 3,939 x 4.185 x 5
= 82,418 kJ
= 19,698 kcal
Hmasuk total = H Vapor + H Air pendingin

= 97,413.276 + 19,698
= 117,111 kcal
b) Aliran keluar ke steam jet ejector

Massa steam ke jet ejector = 5% x massa steam masuk
= 5% x 163.350 kg
= 8.168 kg
H Laten = m uap air x

= 8.168 x 2,371
= 4,628 kcal
H sensible = m x Cp x DT
= 8.168 x 4.19 x 30
B-46
= 1,025 kJ
= 245 kcal
H vapor keluar barometrik kondensor
H total ke jet ejector = H Laten + H sensibel
= 4,628 + 245
= 4,873 kcal
Q loss = 5% x H vapor masuk

= 5% x 97,413.276
= 4,871 kcal
Aliran ke Hot Well (massa kondensat)
mkondensat = mvapor + mair pendingin - mjet ejector
= 163 + 3,939 - 8.1675
= 4,094 kg
Hkondensat = m x Cp x DT
= 4,094 x 4.185 x (T-25)
= 4,093 (T-25)
Neraca Panas Barometrik Kondensor

Q Masuk = Q Keluar
117,111 = H ke Jet Ejector + Qloss + HKondensat
117,111 = 4,873 + 4,871 + 4,093 (T-25)
117,111 = 9,743 + 4,093 (T-25)
T - 25 = 27.497 0
C
T = 52.50 0
C
Hkondensat = m x Cp x DT
= 4,093.915 x 4.185 x 27.497
= 450,256.180 kJ
= 107,611 kcal
Neraca Panas Barometrik Kondensor
Masuk (kcal) Keluar (kcal)
HUap Air 97,413 HKe Jet Ejector 4,627.6
HCooling Water 19,698 HKondensat 107,611.2
Qloss 4,870.7
Total 117,111 Total 117,110
JET EJECTOR
Steam
Jet Ejector
B-47
Jet Ejector
Dari Barometrik
Ke Hotwell
Steam jenuh yang digunakan = 120 o

C
Dari Tabel 2.9 Geankoplis :
P T (oC) Hv HL Cp Air
kPa o
C kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kgoC
198.53 120 2706.3 503.71 2203 4.185
a) Aliran Masuk dari Barometetrik Kondensor

H aliran masuk
1. Aliran dari Barometric Condensor
H uap air = 4,628 kcal
2. Steam
r H laten = M x
= M x 2203
= 526 M kkal
r H sensibel = M x Cp x T
= M x 4.185 x (120 - 55)
= 65.014 M kkal
Q steam = H laten + H sensibel
= 526.42 M + 65.014 M
= 591.433 M kcal
Menghitung steam yang digunakan :
Kebutuhan air Barometric Condensor = 0,06 x kebutuhan steam
(Ludwig, hal 208)
Kebutuhan air Barometric Condensor= 3,939 kg
Maka kebutuhan steam =
3,939 65,646 kg
M = =
0,06
Sehingga Q steam = 591.433 M
= 591.433 x 65,646
= 38,824,942 kcal
H aliran masuk total = H uap air + H steam
H aliran masuk total = 4,628 + ###
H aliran masuk total = 38,829,570 kcal
H aliran keluar
Massa aliran menuju hot well (kondensat) :
M = massa aliran dari barometric condensor + massa steam
= 0.1 + 65,646
= 65,646 kg
H kondensat = M x Cp x T
= 65,646 x 4.1850 x (T - 25)
B-48
= 274,727 (T - 25) kJ
= 65,660 (T - 25) kcal
Q loss = 10% x H masuk
= 10% x 38,829,570
= 3,882,957 kcal
Neraca Energi :
Energi masuk = Energi keluar
38,829,570 = Q loss + H kondensat
38,829,570 = 3,882,957 + 65659.71 (T - 25)
(T - 25) = 30 o
C
T = 55 oC
H kondensat = M x Cp x DT
= 65,646 x 4.19 x (T - 25)
= 26,099,048 kJ
= 13,922,673 kcal
NERACA ENERGI STEAM JET EJECTOR

a. H dariMasuk (kcal) Keluar (kcal)
barometric 4,628 a. H kondensat 1.392.E+07
condensor
b. Q Steam 3.8825.E+07 b. Q loss 3.883.E+06
Total 3.883.E+07 Total 1.781.E+07
CPO STORAGE
Bahan masuk
T = 50 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 147.06 4.185 615.46672051
Minyak 14706.49 2.092 30761.243048
TOTAL 14853.557652 31376.709769

14853.55765 kg
= 2.112403675 kJ/kgK

= 14853.557652 x 2.1124036749 x 25
= 784417.74422 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 55
T ref = 25 C
B-49
Air 147.06 4.19 615.47
Minyak 14706.49 2.09 30761.24
TOTAL 14853.557652 31376.709769

14853.55765 kg
= 2.112403675 kJ/kgK

= 14853.557652 x 2.1124036749 x 30
= 941301.29307 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 164727.726286658 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 2.6416 m
ri = 2.6226 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
= 28.1699467967
0.0072376673
= 3892.13066
Q = k x S x T
= 2101750.5557 kJ

= 2266478.2819823 kJ

m steam = 979.82754 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 14 a > 14853.5576515 < 14 b > 941301.29307
Steam 2266478.28198 Kond. Alat 2101750.5557
Q loss 46322.386771
TOTAL 2281331.83963 TOTAL 3089374.2355
PKO STORAGE
B-50
Bahan masuk
T = 50 C
Tref = 25 C
Air 10.23 4.208 43.052161795
Minyak 1168.72 2.0916777117 2444.5773698
TOTAL 1178.9471042 2487.6295316

1178.947104 kg
= 2.110043379 kJ/kgK

= 1178.9471042 x 2.1100433792 x 25
= 62190.73829 kJ
Bahan keluar
T = 55
T ref = 25 C

Air 10.23 4.21 43.05
Minyak 1168.72 2.09 2444.58
TOTAL 1178.9471042 2487.6295316

1178.947104 kg
= 2.110043379 kJ/kgK

= 1178.9471042 x 2.1100433792 x 30
= 74628.885948 kJ

Q loss = 5%
Q = 13060.0550408851 kJ
Konduksi Alat
ro = 1.2192 m
ri = 1.2097 m
k = 21.6 W/mK
S = 2L
Ln (r0/r1)
B-51
= 14.757563683
0.0078431775
= 1881.57972
Q = k x S x T
= 1016053.051 kJ

= 1029113.1060437 kJ

m steam = 444.89875 kg
Masuk Keluar
Aliran kJ Aliran kJ
< 14 a > 62190.7382899 < 14 b > 74628.885948
Steam 1029113.10604 Kond. Alat 1016053.051
Q loss 621.9073829
TOTAL 1091303.84433 TOTAL 1091303.8443
B-52
APPENDIKS C
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Densitas air
T (kg/m3)
0 999.87
10 999.73
20 998.23
25 997.08
30 995.68
40 992.25
50 988.07
60 983.24
70 977.81
80 971.83
90 965.34
100 958.38
1. LOADING RAMP (A-111)

Fungsi = Tempat penimbunan sementara dan pemuatan TBS ke dalam lori
Tipe = Bidang luncur dengan kemiringan ideal 25
Jumlah pintu = 12 pintu

Kemiringan lantai = 25
Kapasitas loading ramp = 12 x 15 ton/pintu
= 180 ton
= 169.81 m
Volume 1 pintu = 14.151 m/pintu
Faktor keamanan = 20 %
Volume loading ramp = 1.2 x 14.151
= 16.981 m
Dasar perencanaan
Bahan konstruksi = Carbon Steel
Panjang = 44 m
Lebar = 22 m
Jarak antar sekat = 45 cm
Tebal = 3 cm
Spesifikasi penggerak loading ramp:
Merk = Electrim
Daya = 5.5 Hp
Voltase = 380 Volt
2. LORI (F-112)
Fungsi = Sebagai penampung TBS dari loading ramp ke sterilizer
C-53
Bahan konstruksi = Stainless steel
Jumlah isian per lori = 3750 kg
Banyak lori = 8
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Buah sawit 60.50 1112.5
campuran = (% massa buah sawit x buah sawit) +

(% massa tandan kosong x tandan kosong)
= 1341 kg/m3
= 83.69 lb/ft3
Volume per lori = 3750 kg

1340.6125 kg/m3
= 2.797 m3
= 98.779 ft3
Volume silinder utuh = 100% x 98.779 ft3

80%
= 123.47 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi lori

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup = Standard dished head
Volume tutup = 0.0847 ID3
Vt = volume silinder + 2 volume tutup

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
123.47 = 1.347 ID3
ID = 4.509 ft
= 1.3744 m
= 54.108 in
Perhitungan tinggi isian = 50% x ID

= 27.054 in
= 2.2545 ft
Perhitungan dimensi tangki

Bahan konstruksi = Stainless steel 304
Allowable pressure (F) = 18750 psia
Efisiensi sambungan (E) = 0.8
Corrosion allowance (C) = 0.0625
Tekanan operasi = 44.088 psia
C-54
Faktor keamanan = 20%
Tekanan desain = 52.906 psia
P x ID
ts = + C
2 x (FE - 0.6Pi)
= 2862.6378 + 0.0625
29936.513
= 0.158 in
Dari tabel 5.7 (Brownell) didapatkan ts standar = 0.1875 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 54.108 + 0.375
= 54.483 in
Dari tabel 5.7 (Brownell) didapatkan OD standar = 60 in
ID koreksi = OD - 2ts
= 60 - 0.375
= 59.625 in
Ls = 1.5 x ID
= 89.4375 in
Perhitungan tebal tutup

Tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk Standart dished head
OD = 60 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 60 in
tha = 0,885 x r x Pi
+ C
2 (FE - 0,1 Pi)
tha = 2809.287 0.0625
+
29989.419
= 0.156 in
Dari tabel 5.8 (Brownell) didapatkan tha standar = 0.1875 in
Perhitungan tinggi tangki
C-55
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 3/16 Standard dished head
r = 60 in
icr = 3.625 in
sf = 1.5 - 2,25 in (diambil sf = 2.25 in)
Sehingga, dari Figure 5.8 (Brownell), dapat dihitung

a = x ID = 29.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 26.1875 in
BC = r - icr = 56.375 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2) = 10.077 in
OA = t + b + sf = 12.514 in
Panjang lori = Ls + 2 OA
= 89.438 + 25.028
= 114.47 in
= 2.9074 m
3. STERILIZER (D-110)
Fungsi = Untuk merebus TBS agar buah sawit mudah terlepas dari tandannya
Kapasitas olah = 30000 kg
Jumlah isian per lori = 3750 kg
Banyak lori = 8
Banyak lori per sterilizer = 4
Banyak sterilizer = 2
Kapasitas 1 sterilizer = 15000 kg
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Buah sawit 60.5 1112.5
campuran = (% massa buah sawit x buah sawit) +

= 1340.6125 kg/m3
= 83.691513 lb/ft3
Volume isian = 15000 kg

1340.613 kg/m3
= 11.189 m3
= 395.114 ft3
Volume total lori = 100% x 395.114 ft3
C-56
50%
= 790.228 ft3
Volume sterilizer = 100% x 790.228 ft3
95%
= 831.819 ft3
ID sterilizer = 100% x OD lori

95%
= 100% x 60
95%
= 63.16 in
= 1.604 m
= 5.263 ft
Volume sterilizer = Volume silinder + 2 Volume tutup

831.819 = 1/4LsID2 + 0.000098 ID3
831.819 = 21.745 Ls + 0.014
Ls = 38.253 ft
= 11.66 m
Bahan Konstruksi = Plate Steels SA-240 Grade S type 304

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 3341.4063 + 0.0625
29936.513
= 0.1741 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 63.16 + 0.375
= 63.53 in
ID = OD - 2ts
= 66 - 0.375
C-57
= 65.625 in
Ls koreksi = 7.268 x 65.625

= 476.975 in

Tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk torispherical dishead
OD = 66 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 66 in
tha = Pi x r x W
+ C
2 (fE - 0,1 Pi)
W = 0,25 x (3 + (r/icr)1/2)
icr = 4 in
W = 1.7655
tha = 6164.736 0.0625

+
29989.419
= 0.268

Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 5/16 torispherical dishead
r = 66 in
icr = 4 in
sf = 1.5 - 3 in (diambil sf = 3 in)
Sehingga, dari Fig. 5.8 (Brownell), dapat dihitung

a = x ID = 32.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 28.8125 in
BC = r - icr = 62 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 11.102 in
OA = t + b + sf = 14.414 in
Panjang Sterilizer = Ls + 2 OA
= 477 + 28.828
= 505.8 in
= 12.847 m
4. HOUSTING CRANE (A-117)

Fungsi = Mengangkut lori rebusan yang berisi buah ke thresser.
C-58
Kapasitas = 5 ton
Panjang rantai = 6 m
Jumlah = 1 unit
5. THRESSER (H-120)
Kapasitas olah thresser = 30000 kg TBS masak
Jumlah thresser = 1
Interval waktu pengisian thresser = 3750
x 60 menit
30000
= 7.500 menit
= 9 menit
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Buah sawit 72.35 1060 (Naibaho,1998)
campuran = (% massa buah sawit x buah sawit +

= 1234.195 kg/m3
= 83.692 lb/ft3
Volume isian = 30000 kg

1234.195 kg/m3
= 24.307 m3
Panjang thresser = 6 m (Naibaho,1998)

Vs = 1/4ID2Ls
24.307 = 4.71 ID2
ID = 2.272 m
Kecepatan putar = 40 x (D-d) , dimana D = diameter thresser

2 x (D-d) d = diameter TBS
= 30 cm
Kecepatan putar = 78.87 = 20 rpm

3.943
6. BELT CONVEYOR (J-118)

Fungsi = Mengangkut berondolan kelapa sawit menuju digester
Bahan konstruksi = Rubber and stell
Tipe = Throughed Antifriction Idlers
Kapasitas berondolan = 21705 kg/jam
C-59
= 21.71 ton/jam
Density = 1060 kg/m3
= 66.17 lb/ft
Panjang = 10 m
= 32.8 ft (Perry, table 21-7 page21-11)
Data yang diperoleh:

Belt width = 14 in = 0.3556 m
Cross sectional area of load = 0.11 ft = 0.0102 m2
Belt speed (normal) = 200 ft/min = 1.016 m/s
Belt plies (minimum) = 3
Maksimum lump size = 3 in = 0.0762 m
Maksimum capacity = 32 ton/jam = 3200 kg/jam
hp/100-ft(30.48m)centre = 0.44 HP
Add for tripper = 2 HP
7. DIGESTER ( M-130)
Fungsi = Melumatkan buah sawit agar mudah dipress
Kapasitas olah 1 digester = 10000 kg (Naibaho,1998)
Banyak digester = 2.1705 = 3 buah
Bahan konstruksi = Stainless Steel 304
kelapa sawit = 1060 kg/m3
= 66.173 lb/ft3
volume isian = 10000 kg
C-60
1060 kg/m3
= 9.434 m3
= 333.142 ft3
volume silinder utuh = 100 x 333.142 ft3

80
= 416.427 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi digester

Asumsi = Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas = Torispherical dished head
Volume tutup atas = 0.000049 ID3
Bentuk tutup bawah = Conical dished head
= 120
Volume tutup bawah = 0.0756 ID3
Vt = volume silinder + volume tutup atas + volume tutup bawah

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
416.4 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 6.9265 ft
= 2.1112 m
= 83.118 in
Perhitungan tinggi isian :

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + 0.0756 ID3
333.1415 = 37.6612 Lls + 25.1222
Lls = 8.179 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 4763.8867 + 0.0625
29931.223
= 0.222 in
C-61
OD = ID + 2ts
= 83.118 + 0.5
= 83.618 in

= 84 - 0.5
= 83.5 in
Ls koreksi = 1.5 x ID koreksi
= 125.25 in

a. Tutup atas berbentuk torispherical dishead
OD = 84 in
ts = 0.25 in
r = 84 in
tha = Pi x r x W
+ C
2 (FE - 0,1 Pi)
W = 0,25 x (3 + (r/icr)1/2)
icr = 5.125 in
W = 1.7621
tha = 8483.575 0.0625

+
29988.537
= 0.345
b. Tutup bawah berbentuk conical

thb = Pi x OD
+ C
4(fE - 0,1Pi) cos 0,5
= 4814.410 0.0625
+
30016.108
= 0.223 in

a. Tebal tutup atas
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 4/16 Torispherical dished
r = 84 in
icr = 5.125 in
C-62

a = x ID = 41.75 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 36.625 in
BC = r - icr = 78.875 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 14.1439 in
OA = t + b + sf = 17.5189 in
b. Panjang tutup bawah

hb = OD
2 tan 1/2
= 84
3.460
= 24.278 in
Panjang digester = Ls + OA + hb
= 125.3 + 17.519 + 24.278
= 142.8 in
= 3.626 m
Dt = 83.5 in = 2.12 m
Da = 25.05 in = 0.64 m
W = 5.01 in = 0.13 m
Dd = 16.7 in = 0.42 m
H = 83.5 in = 2.12 m
L = 6.2625 in = 0.16 m
C = 27.833333 in = 0.71 m
Diamabil N = 26 rpm (Damanik, 2012)
C-63
= 0.43 rev/s
= 0.81 cP
= 0.00081 Pa.s
Nre = Da2 x N x

= 185.957
0.00081
= 229576.58
Setelah diplot di figure 3.4-4 Geankoplis, didapatkan Np = 5

P = Np x x N3 x Da5
= 18.507 kW
= 24.819 HP
Perencanaan Jaket Pemanas di Digester

Steam
Kondisi Temperatur pada jaket pemanas adalah:

Temperature steam masuk (T1) = 133.48 C = 272.26 F
Temperature steam keluar (T2) = 100 C = 212 F
Temperatur minyak masuk (t1) = 40 C = 104 F
Temperatur minyak keluar (t2) = 90 C = 194 F
Berdasarkan neraca energi didapatkan m steam = 6429.5 kg/jam
= 51436 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas = 1035962 Kkal/h x ( 1 Btu / 0.252 Kkal)
Neraca Panas = 4108352 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
C-64
= 168.26 - 18
ln 168.3 / 18
= 67.23 F
c. Perhitungan temperatur caloric

Tc = 104 + 194 = 149 F
2
tc = 272.26 + 212 = 242.132 F
2
d. Trial ukuran pipa jaket

Ditetapkan ukuran pipa jaket = 0.75 in OD BWG 16
(Kern, Tabel 10 hal.843)
ID = 0.62 in = 0.052 ft = 0.016 m
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/1in ft
e Menghitung harga ho dan hio

Bagian Bejana Bagian Jaket
1. Nre = (Da)2 x N x

= 229576.6
2. JH = 950 (Fig. 20.2)
3. ho = JH x (k/di) x (Cp x /k)1/3 x (/w)0,14 3'. hoi = 1500 btu/ft2.hr.oF
dengan:
Tc = 149 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
k = 0.398 btu/hr ft2 (F/ft)
= 0.81 cp
= 1.96 lb/ft.h
ho = 14746 btu/ft2.hr.oF
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Uc = 1361.51 Btu/ft2.hr.F
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 272301.67
1561.508
= 174.38 Btu/ft2.hr.F
C-65
Dengan adanya Ud maka harga A dan tinggi jaket dapat ditentukan
A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 350.44
Panjang pipa yang dibutuhkan = A/a''
= 1785.24 ft
8. SCREW PRESS (H-140)

Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan minyak dari serat
Dengan perencanaan:
Kapasitas = 15 ton (Naibaho)
Panjang = 974 cm
Lebar = 294 cm
Diameter ulir = 54 cm
Panjang ulir = 194 cm
Putaran ulir = 28 rpm
Spesifikasi =
Merk = Manseman Atos Rexhorth
Tekanan kerja = 120 bar
Elektro motor =
Tipe = TEFC
Daya = 30 Hp
Voltase = 38 Volt
9. VIBRATING SCREEN I (H-150)

Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan serat-serat kasar dan kotoran
kasar yang terikut dengan minyak
Perhitungan kapasitas dari Vibrating screen
Perry, chap. 19
C-66
Persamaan Matthews:
A = 0,4 Ct/ (Cu.Foa.Fs)
A = screen area, ft2
Ct = troughflow rate, Ton.hr
Cu = unit capacity, Ton/(hr.ft2) Figure 19-21
C-67
Foa = open-area factor; Fig. 19-22
Fs = slotted-area factor, Table 19-7
Dengan perencanaan
Laju alir = 23799 kg/jam = 23.79939 ton/jam
Ukuran bahan = 30 mesh
Dimensi buka (a) = 1.5 in = 0.125 ft
Ukuran tebal = 0.2 in = 0.0167 ft
Kapasitas unit (Cu) = 4
Faktor luas buka, Foa = 100 x a 2

a + d
= 100 x 0.125 2
0.125 + 0.0167
= 77.8547
Faktor luas lubang (Fs) = 1
Kapasitas = 0.4 x F
Cu x Foa x Fs
= 0.4 x 23.799
4 x 77.855 x 1
= 0.0306 ton/jam
10. SLURRY STORAGE (F-160)

Fungsi = Menampung minyak kasar yang keluar dari vibrating screen I
Kapasitas = 22426.66 kg
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 66.42 856.1
Air 1.5989 965.34
Serat 31.98 730
campuran = (%minyak x minyak) + (%air x air) + (%serat x serat)

= 817.51398 kg/m3
= 51.036 lb/ft3
volume isian = 22426.656 kg

817.514 kg/m3
= 27.433 m3
= 968.733 ft3
volume silinder utuh = 100% x 968.73269 ft3
C-68
80%
= 1210.9159 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi storage

Asumsi
Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas dan bawah = Standar dished head
Vt = volume silinder + (2 x volume tutup)

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
1211 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.1694 ID3
ID = 9.6515 ft
= 2.9418 m
= 115.82 in

968.733 = 73.123 Lls + 76.149
Lls = 12.207 ft

Bahan konstruksi = Plate Steels Sa-240 Grade S type 304
Tekanan hidrostatis = 4.326 psia
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0,6 Pi)
= 2753.9042 + 0.0625
29971.467
= 0.154 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 115.81866 + 0.375
= 116.19366
C-69
= 114 - 0.375
= 113.625 in

= 170.4375 in
OD = 114 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 114 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 2398.9347 + 0.0625
29995.244
= 0.142 in
Dari tabel 5.6 diambil tha standar = 0.1875 in

r = 114 in
icr = 6.875 in

a = x ID = 56.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 49.9375 in
BC = r - icr = 107.125 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2) = 19.2265 in
OA = t + b + sf = 21.6640 in
Panjang storage = Ls + 2OA

= 213.7655 in
= 5.4297 m
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di Slurry Storage
Steam
C-70
Kondisi Temperatur pada Coil pemanas adalah:
= 2758 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas
Neraca Panas = 650034 Kkal/jam x (1 Btu / 0,25216 Kkal)
= 2577863.4 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 96.26 - 18
ln 96.264 / 18
= 46.677 F
c. perhitungan temperatur caloric
Tc = 176 + 194 = 185 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.132 F
2
d. Trial ukuran pipa coil
Ukuran pipa coil = 0.75 in OD BWG 16
ID = 0.62 in = 0.052 ft = 0.016 m
a'' = 0.3925 ft2/1in ft
e. Menghitung harga hio dan hi

Dari tabel 2 (Peter Timmerhaus hal. 496) diketahui economic velocity untuk
air atau fluida yang seperti air sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s). Dari hasil
trial didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3,05 m/s)
NRe = ( x D x v)

= ( 817.51 x 0.016 x 3.05 )
0.00081
= 48477.061
C-71
Bagian Bejana Bagian Coil

= 48477.061
2. JH = 750 (Fig. 20.2)
3. ho = JH x (k/di) x (Cp x /k) x (/w)
1/3 0,14
3'. hoi = 1500 btu/ft2.hr.oF
dengan:
Tc = 185 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 155916.84
979.584
= 159.166 Btu/ft2.hr.F
Dengan adanya Ud maka harga A dan tinggi coil dapat ditentukan

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 346.98
L = A/a''
= 884.0 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 35.192
= 30 lilitan

11. POMPA VIBRATING SCREEN (L-122)
Fungsi = Untuk mengalirkan CPO dari Slurry Storage menuju Cylindrical
Settling Tank
Dasar perencanaan
Tipe = Centrifugal Pump
C-72
Bahan = Stainless Steel 304
Skema =
Data :
1. larutan CPO = 817.51 kg/m = 51.012872 lb/ft3
2. larutan CPO, 30C = 0.81 cp = 0.00081 kg/m.s
3. Laju alir massa yang akan dialirkan= 22426.66 kg/jam
= 493386.44 kg/hari
4. Persamaan kesetimbangan energi mekanis :
(1/(2a gc x(v22av - v12av)))+(( g/gc)x(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/r) + SF + Ws = 0
g = Percepatan gravitasi, ft/s atau m/s.

gc = Faktor proposionalitas (kesebandingan)
Newton, 32.2 ft-lb/lbf-s.
p = Tekanan, Pa
F = Gaya gesek total dalam sistem, J/kg
v = Kecepatan aliran dalam pipa, m/s
z = Tinggi fluida, m
Ws = Kerja pompa, j/kg atau ft.lbf/lbm
= Faktor koreksi, 1 untuk aliran turbulen dan 1/2 untuk aliran laminer
= Densitas fluida, kg/m
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations" 3rd Ed,eq.2.7-28)
Langkah-langkah perhitungan :
1. Menghitung rate massa
2. Menghitung diameter optimum pipa
3. Menghitung Reynold Number
4. Menghitung total energi yang hilang dalam sistem pemompaan
5. Menghitung daya pompa
Perhitungan :
C-73
1. Menghitung rate massa :
Waktu kerja = 18 jam/hari
Diketahui
CPO = 0.8175 gr/cm = 817.51 kg/m
CPO = 0.00081 kg/m.s = 51.037 lb/ft
Rate = 22427 kg/jam / 817.51 kg/m

Volumetrik (Q) = 27.433 m/jam
= 0.0076 m/s
= 0.003 ft/s
Rate massa = Qx
= 0.008 m/s x 817.51 kg/m
= 6.230 kg/s
2. Menghitung Inside Diameter (ID) Optimum Pipa

a. Menentukan economic velocity untuk menghitung Reynold Number
Menentukan economic velocity untuk menghitung Reynold Number
Dari tabel 2 (Peter Timmerhaus hal. 496), diketahui economic velocity
untuk air atau fluida sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s). Dari hasil trial
didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3.5 m/s)
v = Q
A
3.05 = 0.0076 m3/s
A
A = 0.002 m2
Berdasarkan Timmer Peterhause Pg. 496 eq.15 didapatkan persamaan berikut

untuk menghitung ID Optimum Pipa untuk aliran turbulent:
ID Optimum P= 3.9 x 0.003 0.45 x 51.013 0.13
= 0.457 in
= 0.014 m
Maka ditetapkan spesifikasi desain pipa yang digunakan sebagai berikut:

Spesifikasi pipa Ukuran Ukuran
(Dalam in) (Dalam m)
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) 0.25 0.0075
Inside Diamater (ID) 0.457 0.014
Outside Diameter (OD) 0.54 0.014
Ditetapkan design ID 0.364 0.010920
Material yang digunakan = Commercial steel
Schedule Number = 40
(Sumber: http://www.engineersedge.com/fluid_flow/steel-pipe-schedule-40.htm)
C-74
3. Menghitung Reynold Number (NRe)
NRe = ( x D x v)

= 817.51 kg/m3 x 0.0137 m x 3.05 m/s

0.00081 kg/m.s
= 42239.863
4. Menghitung Dishcarge Pressure Pompa

a. Tekanan suction (P1)
P1 = g h + P atm
= 817.5 kg/m x 9.8067 m/s2 x 3.723 m + 1 atm
= 29847.601 N/m2 + 1 atm
= 223.88 mmHg + 1 atm
= 1.2946 atm
= 1.3376 kg/cm2g
b. Menghitung total energi hilang dalam sistem pemompaan Energi yang hilang
dalam sistem pemompaan, berupa :
1 Kontraksi masukan pipa dari Tangki bak penampung
2 Friksi pada pipa lurus
3 Friksi pada elbow
4 Friksi pada valve
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa menuju Tangki CST
Perhitungan pada kehilangan energi diatas adalah sebagai berikut :

1 Kontraksi pada masukan pipa dari Tangki penampung
Dengan persamaan untuk kontraksi dari permukaan A ke A (pipa)
Dimana perbandingan A1 terhadap A2 sangat besar:
Kc = 0,55 (1 - A/A)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
= 0.55
Hc = Kc.v/2
= (0,55 x (3,05))/(2 x 1)
= 2.558 N.m/kg
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations" 3rd Ed,p.93)

Untuk material Commercial steel () = 4,6 x 10 m
Maka nilai /D = 4,6 x 10 m/ 0.8763 m
= 0.00421
Pada NRe = 42239.863
C-75
Didapatkan fanning friction factor (f) = 0.0085
panjang total pipa lurus adalah

~ dari Tangki penampung ke elbow I = 3 m
~ dari elbow I ke pompa = 1.5 m
~ dari pompa ke elbow II 1.5 m
~ dari elbow II ke elbow III = 9 m +
~ dari elbow III ke elbow IV = 3 m
~ dari elbow IV ke CST = 1 m
Total = 19 m
Maka friksi total pada pipa lurus adalah :

F = 4f x (L/D) x (v/2)
= (4 x 0,0085) x (19/0,013) x (3,05/2)
= 218.973 N.m/kg
3 Friksi pada elbow

Ditetapkan menggunakan elbow 90 sebanyak 4 buah, dari tabel 2.10-2,
Kf = 0.75 maka persamaan 2.10-17 menjadi :
hf = (4 x Kf x v)/2
= (4 x 0,75 x 3,05)/2
= 13.95 N.m/kg
4 Friksi dalam valve

Untuk Gate Valve diperoleh Kf = 0.17
hf = (Kf.v)/2
= (0,17 x 3,05)/2
= 0.791 N.m/kg
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa ke CST :

Dengan persamaan 2.10-15 :
Kex = (1 - A/A) = (1 - 0) = 1
hex = (Kex.v)/2 = (1 x 3,5)/2
= 4.651 N.m/kg
6 Dan total Frictional loss, F = 240.926 N.m/kg
Dari Semua perhitungan friction loss pada pipa lurus, dapat diperoleh P2
dengan perhitungan sebagai berikut:
P2 = F x
= 240.9 N.m/kg x 817.5 kg/m3
= 196,961 N/m2
= 1477.33 mmHg
C-76
= 1.94 atm
= 2.01 kg/cm2g
Tekanan at terminal point (P3)

Tekanan pada terminal point = 2 kg/cm2g
Maka, PDischarge Pump = P2+P3-P1
= 2.01 + 2 - 1.34
= 2.671 atm
= 2.7596 kg/cm2g
Menghitung daya pompa

Menggunakan persamaan kesetimbangan energi mekanis :
(1/2)x(v22av - v12av)+( gx(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/) + F + Ws = 0,
(untuk aliran turbulen) = 1

Dimana:
v1 = kecepatan alir fluida yang masuk ke pompa (suction)
v2 = kecepatan alir fluida yang keluar ke pompa (discharge)
karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa
dan yang keluar pompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan
sehingga v22-v12 = 0
1/2 (V - V) = 0
(1/2)x(v22av - v12av)+( gx(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/) + F + Ws = 0
0 + 58.8 + 0.00082 + 241 + Ws = 0
299.727 + Ws = 0
-299.73 = Ws
Menghitung Ws
Berdasarkan pump manufactur,
pompa sentrifugal kapasitas 14,2 m3/jam memiliki efisiensi sebesar 60%
Ws = -xWp
-299.73 = -1 xWp
Wp = 428.18 J/Kg
Daya pompa = mxWp

= 6.230 kg/sx 428.18 J/Kg
= 2,667.41 J/s
= 2,667.41
1000
C-77
= 2.67 kW
Berdasarkan pump vendor,

Diketahui power pompa yang diingankan adalah 97%. Maka:
Power motor BHP
=
h
= 2.667
0.97
= 2.75 kW
12. CYLINDRICAL SETTLING TANK (H-170)

Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan hasil perasan dan padatan yang terikut
Bahan = Stainless steel 304
Kapasitas olah = 22426.66 kg
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 66.42 856.1
Air 31.98 965.34
Serat 1.60 730
campuran = (%minyak x minyak)+(%air x air)+ (%serat x serat)

= 889.024 kg/m3
= 55.5 lb/ft3
889.024 kg/m3
= 25.2262 m3
= 890.81135 ft3

= 80%
= 1113.514 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi CST

Asumsi = Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas = Standar dished head
= 120

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
1114 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 9.4066 ft
= 2.8672 m
C-78
= 112.88 in

890.8114 = 69.461 Lls + 62.925
Lls = 11.919 ft

Bahan konstruksi = Plate Steels SA-240 grade S type 304
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 2830.6668 + 0.0625
29969.908
= 0.157 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 112.881 + 0.375
= 113.256 in
= 114 - 0.375
= 113.625 in
= 170.438 in

a. Tebal tutup atas (Standar dished head)
OD = 114 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 114 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 2529.97578624 + 0.0625
C-79
29994.9846847334
= 0.147 in
b. Tebal tutup bawah (conis)

thb = Pi x OD
+ C
4(fE - 0,1Pi) cos 0,5
= 2858.7297 + 0.0625
29994.9847
= 0.1578 in
Dari tabel 5.8 diambil thb standar = 0.1875 in

a. Tinggi tutup atas (Standard dished head)
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 3/16 standart dished head
r = 114 in
icr = 6.875 in

a = x ID = 56.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 49.9375 in
BC = r - icr = 107.125 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 19.227 in
OA = t + b + sf = 21.664 in
b. Tebal tutup bawah

hb = OD
2 tan 1/2
= 114 = 32.949 in
3.460
c. Tinggi total vessel = Ls + OA + Hhb

= 225.051 in
= 5.716 m
Perhitungan Agitator
C-80
Dt = 113.625 in = 2.89 m
Da = 34.0875 in = 0.87 ft
W = 6.8175 in = 0.17 m
Dd = 22.725 in = 0.58 m
H = 113.625 in = 2.89 m
L = 8.521875 in = 0.22 m
C = 37.875 in = 0.96 m
Diambil N = 3 rpm (Naibaho,1998)

= 0.05 rev/s
= 0.81 cP
= 0.00081 Pa.s
Nre = Da2 x N x

= 33.323
0.00081
= 41139.391

P = Np x x N3 x Da5
= 0.133 kW
= 0.178 HP
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di CST
Steam
C-81
= 1901 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas = 78059.331 Kkal/h x ( 1 Btu / 0.252 Kkal)
Neraca Panas = 309562.7 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 87.264 - 18
ln 87.26 / 18
= 43.88 F

Tc = 185 + 194 = 189.5 F
2
tc = 272.26 + 212 = 242.132 F
2

Ditetapkan ukuran pipa coil = 0.75 in OD BWG 16
ID = 0.62 in = 0.052 ft = 0.016 m
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/1in ft


= 41139.39
2. JH = 340 (Fig. 20.2)
dengan:
C-82
Tc = 189.5 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.8 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
ho = 735.8 btu/ft2.hr.oF
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 98734.174
693.671
= 142.34 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 49.57
L = A/a''
= 252.50 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 10.052
= 15 lilitan
13. CYLINDRICAL SETTLING STORAGE (F-123)

Fungsi = Untuk menampung keluaran CST sebelum ke oil purifier
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 95.316 856.1
Air 4.6839 965.34
campuran = (%minyak x minyak) + (%air x air)

= 861.21669 kg/m3
= 53.764 lb/ft3
C-83
861.21669 kg/m3
= 17.782 m3
= 627.94517 ft3

80%
= 784.93147 ft3

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
784.9 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.1694 ID3
ID = 8.3528 ft
= 2.546 m
= 100.23 in

627.945 = 54.769 Lls + 49.361
Lls = 10.564 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0,6 Pi)
= 2335.4944 + 0.0625
29972.04
= 0.140 in
OD = ID + 2ts
C-84
= 100.23463 + 0.375
= 100.60963

= 102 - 0.375
= 101.625 in

= 152.4375 in

OD = 102 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 102 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 2103.3158 + 0.0625
29995.34
= 0.1326 in

r = 102 in
icr = 5.875 in

a = x ID = 50.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 44.9375 in
BC = r - icr = 96.125 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 17.0257 in
OA = t + b + sf = 19.4632 in
= 191.3638 in
= 4.8607 m
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di CST Storage
Steam
C-85
Berdasarkan neraca energi didapatkan massa steam = 180.01389 kg/jam

= 1440.1111 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas
Neraca Panas = 96752.726 Kkal/jam x ( 1 Btu / 0.252 Kkal)
= 383695.773 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 96.26 - 18
ln 96.264 / 18
= 46.676771 F
Tc = 176 + 194 = 185 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.132 F

2

Ditetapkan ukuran pipa coil =
0.75 in OD BWG 16
ID = 0.62 in = 0.05166667 ft = 0.0157 m
a'' = 0.302 ft2/1in ft

untukair atau fluida yang seperti air sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s). Dari
hasil trial didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3,05 m/s)
NRe = ( x D x v)

= ( 861.22 x 0.0157 x 3.05 )
C-86
0.00081
= 51068.55


= 51068.55
2. JH = 820 (Fig. 20.2)
1/3 0,14
dengan:
Tc = 185 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 162582.61
1012.913
= 160.510 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 4110.14
L = A/a''
= 13609.7 ft
Diambil dc =
8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 541.788
= 467 lilitan
14. CYLINDRICAL SETTLING PUMP (L-124)
Fungsi = Untuk mengalirkan CPO dari CST menuju Oil Purifier
C-87
Dasar perencanaan
Skema =
Data :
1. larutan CPO = 889 kg/m = 55.475 lb/ft3
3. Laju alir massa yang akan dialirkan= 15314.38 kg/jam
= 245030.15 kg/hari
(1/((1/2)x(v2 av - v1 av)+( gx(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/) + F + Ws

2 2
= 0
Keterangan :
p = Tekanan, Pa
C-88
Perhitungan
Kapasitas bahan baku = 15314 kg/jam
Diketahui :
CPO = 0.889 gr/cm = 889 kg/m
CPO = 0.00081 kg/m.s = 55.502 lb/ft
Rate = 15314 kg/jam / 889 kg/m

= 0.0048 m/s
= 0.0017 ft/s
Rate massa = Qx
= 0.005 m/s x 889 kg/m
= 4.254 kg/s

Dari tabel 2 (Peter Timmerhaus hal. 496), diketahui bahwa economic velocity
untuk air atau fluida yang seperti air sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s).
Dari hasil trial didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3,5 m/s)
v = Q
A
3.05 = 0.005 m3/s
A
A = 0.00157 m2

ID Optimum Pipa = 3.9 x 0.0017 0.45 x 55.5 0.13
= 0.375 in
= 0.010 m

Spesifikasi pipa Ukuran (Dalam Ukuran (Dalam
in) m)
Material yang digunakan : = Commercial steel
C-89
NRe = ( x D x v)

= 889 kg/m3 x 0.010 m x 3.05 m/s
0.00081 kg/m.s
= 31889.74
P1 = g h + P atm
= 889.0 kg/m x 9.8067 m/s2 x 3.6352 m + 1 atm
= 31693.123 N/m2 + 1 atm
= 237.72 mmHg + 1 atm
= 1.3128 atm
= 1.3564 kg/cm2g
b. Menghitung total energi hilang dalam sistem pemompaan
3 Friksi pada elbow
4 Friksi pada valve
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa menuju Tangki Oil Purifier

1 Kontraksi pada masukan pipa dari Vacuum Dryer
Persamaan untuk kontraksi dari permukaan A ke A (pipa) dimana
perbandingan A1 terhadap A2 sangat besar:
Kc = 0,55 (1 - A/A)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
= 0.55
Hc = Kc.v/2
= (0,55 x (3,05))/(2 x 1)
= 2.558 N.m/kg

Maka nilai /D = 4,6 x 10 m/ 0.02 m
= 0.0022
Pada NRe = 31889.740
panjang total pipa lurus adalah
C-90
~ dari Tangki penampung ke elbow I = 1.5 m
~ dari elbow I ke pompa = 1 m
~ dari pompa ke elbow II = 1 m
~ dari elbow II ke elbow III = 9.5 m
~ dari elbow IV ke Oil Purifier = 1 m
Total = 17 m
F = 4f x (L/D) x (v/2)
= (4 x 0,0075) x (17/0,009) x (3,05/2)
= 249.010 N.m/kg
3 Friksi pada elbow

Ditetapkan menggunakan elbow 90 sebanyak 4 buah, dari tabel 2.10-2
hf = (4 x Kf x v)/2
= (4 x 0,75 x 3,05)/2
= 13.954 N.m/kg
d4. Friksi dalam valve

hf = (Kf.v)/2
= (0,17 x 3,05)/2
= 0.791 N.m/kg

Kex = (1 - A/A) = (1 - 0) = 1
hex = (Kex.v)/2 = (1 x 2,1)/2
= 4.651 N.m/kg
Semua perhitungan friction loss pada pipa lurus, maka dapat diperoleh P2
P2 = F x
= 271.0 N.m/kg x 889 kg/m3
= 240893.52 N/m2
= 1806.85 mmHg
= 2.38 atm
= 2.46 kg/cm2g
C-91
Tekanan pada terminal point diketahui = 2 kg/cm2g
= 2.38 + 2 - 1.31
= 3.06 atm
= 3.1665 kg/cm2g


Dimana:
karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa dan
yang keluarpompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan, sehingga v22-v12 = 0
1/2 (V - V) = 0
0 + 78.4 + 0.0012 + 271 + Ws = 0
349.4 + Ws = 0
-349.37 = Ws
Menghitung Ws
Pompa sentrifugal dengan kapasitas 14,9 m3/jam memiliki efisiensi 70%
Ws = -xWp
-349.4 = -1 xWp
Wp = 499.09 J/Kg
Daya pompa = mxWp

= 4.254 kg/s x 499.09 J/Kg
= 2,123.14 J/s
2,123.14
=
1000
= 2.12 kW
Berdasarkan pump vendor, power pompa yang diingankan adalah 97%

Power motor BHP
=
h
C-92
= 2.123
0.97
= 2.19 kW
15. SLUDGE TANK (H-180)

Fungsi = untuk memisahkan padatan yang masih terikut dari CST
Bahan = Stainless steel 304
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 4.1885 856.1
Air 90.77 965.34
Serat 5.0418 730
campuran = (%minyak x minyak)+(%air x air)+(%serat x serat)

= 948.899 kg/m3
= 59.238 lb/ft3

948.8991 kg/m3
= 7.495 m3
= 264.6811 ft3

80%
= 330.851 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi sludge tank

Asumsi = Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas = Standar dished head
= 120

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
330.9 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 6.2769 ft
= 1.9132 m
= 75.324 in

C-93
264.6811 = 30.929 Lls + 18.697
Lls = 7.953 ft

Bahan konstruksi = Plate Steels SA-240 Grade S type 304
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 1759.4211 + 0.0625
29971.97
= 0.1212022 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 75.324 + 0.375
= 75.699 in
= 78 - 0.375
= 77.625 in

= 116.438 in

a. Tebal tutup atas (Standar dished head)
OD = 78 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 78 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 1612.4073 + 0.0625
C-94
29995.328
= 0.116 in
b. Tebal tutup bawah (conical)

thb = Pi x ID
+ C
4(fE - 0,1Pi) cos 0,5
= 1813.170 0.0625
+
30022.905
= 0.123 in

a. Tinggi tutup atas (Standart dished head)
Dari Tabel 5.6 dan 5.7 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 3/16 standar dishead
r = 78 in
icr = 4.75 in

a = x ID = 38.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 34.0625 in
BC = r - icr = 73.25 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 13.152 in
OA = t + b + sf = 15.589 in

hb = OD
2 tan 1/2
= 78
3.460
= 22.544 in
c. Tinggi total vessel = Ls + OA + Hhb

= 154.571 in
= 3.926 m
Perhitungan Agitator
C-95
Dt = 77.625 in = 1.97 m
Da = 23.2875 in = 0.59 m
W = 4.6575 in = 0.12 m
Dd = 15.525 in = 0.39 m
H = 77.625 in = 1.97 m
L = 5.821875 in = 0.15 m
C = 25.875 in = 0.66 m
N = 10 rpm (Naibaho, 1998)

= 0.17 rev/s
= 0.81 cP
= 0.00081 Pa.s
Nre = Da2 x N x

= 61.812
0.00081
= 76310.536

P = Np x x N3 x Da5
= 0.731 kW
= 0.980 HP
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di CST
Steam
C-96
= 546.766 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas = 35871.499 Kkal/h x ( 1 Btu / 0.252 Kkal)
Neraca Panas = 142256.9 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 87.264 - 18
ln 87.26 / 18
= 43.88 F

Tc = 185 + 194 = 189.5 F
2
tc = 272.26 + 212 = 242.132 F
2

Ditetapkan ukuran pipa coil = 0.75 in OD BW 16
ID = 0.62 in = 0.052 ft = 0.016 m
a'' = 0.1963 ft2/1in ft


= 76310.536
2. JH = 650 (Fig. 20.2)
1/3 0,14
dengan:
Tc = 189.5 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
C-97
= 0.81 cp = 1.960 lb/ft.h
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 145189
925.945
= 156.801 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 20.68 ft2
L = A/a''
= 105.3 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 4.193
= 7 lilitan
Asumsi :
Jarak antar lilitan, Sc = 2 in
16. VIBRATING SCREEN II (H-190)

Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan serat-serat kasar dan kotoran-kotoran
kasar yang terikut dalam minyak setelah keluar dari sludge tank
Perry, chap. 19
Persamaan Matthews:
C-98
Dengan perencanaan

a + d
= 100 x 0.125 2
0.125 + 0.0167
= 77.8547
Kapasitas = 0.4 x F
Cu x Foa x Fs
= 0.4 x 6.7647
4 x 77.855 x 1
= 0.0087 ton/jam
17. SLUDGE TANK STORAGE (F-125)

Fungsi = Untuk menampung keluaran sludge tank sebelum ke oil purifier
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 18.57 856.1
Air 81.426 965.34

= 945.04925 kg/m3
= 59 lb/ft3

945.04925 kg/m3
= 0.368 m3
= 12.987 ft3

80%
= 16.234 ft3
C-99
Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Vt = volume silinder + 2 x volume tutup

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
16.23 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.1694 ID3
ID = 2.2928 ft
= 0.6988 m
= 27.514 in

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + volume tutup bawah
12.9871 = 4.1266 Lls + 1.0209
Lls = 2.8998 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0,6Pi)
= 546.2851 + 0.0625
29976.174
= 0.080724 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 27.514 + 0.375
= 27.889 in
= 28 - 0.375
= 27.625 in
= 41.4375 in
C-100
OD = 28 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 28 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 492.0083 + 0.0625
29996.0290
= 0.0789 in

r = 28 in
icr = 1.75 in

a = x ID = 13.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 12.0625 in
BC = r - icr = 26.25 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 4.6857 in
OA = t + b + sf = 7.1232 in
Panjang storage = Ls + (2 x OA)

= 48.5607 in
= 1.2334 m
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di Sludge Tank Storage
Steam

C-101

= 95.1124 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas
Neraca Panas = 11355.693 Kkal/jam x ( 1 Btu / 0.2522 Kkal)
= 45033.683 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 96.26 - 18
ln 96.264 / 18
= 46.676771 F
Tc = 176 + 194 = 185 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.132 F

2

(Kern, hal.843)
ID = 0.62 in = 0.05166667 ft = 0.0157 m
a'' = 0.302 ft2/1in ft

NRe = ( x D x v)

= ( 945 x 0.0157 x 3.05 )
0.00081
= 56039.666


= 56039.666
2. JH = 850 (Fig. 20.2)
= JH x (k/di) x (Cp x /k) x (/w)
1/3 0,14
3. ho 3'. hoi = 1500 btu/ft2.hr.oF
C-102
dengan:
Tc = 185 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 165254.23
1026.271
= 161.024 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 5.99
L = A/a''
= 19.8 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 0.790
= 7 lilitan
18. SLUDGE TANK PUMP (L-126)

Fungsi = Untuk mengalirkan CPO dari bak penampung sludge tank menuju
Oil Purifier
Dasar perencanaan
Skema =
C-103
kg/m
cp
Data :
1. larutan CPO = 945.04925 = 58.971 lb/ft3
2. larutan CPO, 30C = 0.81 = 0.00081 kg/m.s
3. Laju alir massa yang akan dialirkan = 15802.13 kg/jam
= 252834.07 kg/hari
(1/(2a gc x(v22av - v12av)))+(( g/gc)x(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/r) + SF + Ws = 0,

p = Tekanan, Pa
3. Menghitung Reynold Number kg/jam
4. Menghitung total energi yang hilang jam/hari
Perhitungan :
1. Menghitung rate massa :
Kapasitas bahan baku = 15802
Waktu kerja = 18
Diketahui :
CPO = 0.9450493 gr/cm = 945 kg/m
CPO = 0.00081 kg/m.s = 59 lb/ft
Rate = 15802.13 kg/jam / 945.05 kg/m
= 0.0046 m/s
= 0.0017 ft/s
C-104
Rate massa = Qx
= 0.005 m/s x 945.05 kg/m
= 4.389 kg/s

untuk air atau fluida sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s). Dari hasil trial
didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3.05 m/s)
v = Q
A
3.05 = 0.005 m3/s
A
A = 0.002 m2

ID Optimum Pipa = 3.9 x qf 0.45 x 0.13
= 3.9 x 0.002 0.45 x 58.971 0.13
= 0.373 in
= 0.0095 m
Maka ditetapkan desain pipa yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:

Spesifikasi pipa Ukuran (Dalam in) Ukuran (Dalam m)

NRe = ( x D x v)

= 945.0 kg/m3 x 0.009 m x 3.05 m/s
0.00081 kg/m.s
= 33715.229

P1 = g h + Patm
= 945 kg/m x 9.8067 m/s2 x 2.426 m + 1 atm
C-105
= 22481.147 N/m2 + 1 atm
= 168.63 mmHg + 1 atm
= 1.2219 atm
= 1.2625 kg/cm2g
b. Menghitung total energi hilang dalam sistem pemompaan Energi yang

hilang dalam sistem pemompaan, berupa :
3 Friksi pada elbow
4 Friksi pada valve
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa menuju Tangki Oil Purification

Dimana perbandingan A1 terhadap A2 sangat besar:
Kc = 0,55 (1 - A/A)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
= 0.55
Hc = Kc.v/2
= (0,55 x (3,05))/(2 x 1)
= 2.5582 N.m/kg

Maka nilai /D = 4,6 x 10 m/ 0.014 m
= 0.00335
Pada NRe = 33715.229
Panjang total pipa lurus adalah (panjang pipa + panjang ekivalen
hambatan) panjang pipa :
~ dari tangki penampung ke elbow I = 1.5 m
~ dari elbow IV ke tangki oil purification = 1 m +
Total = 11 m

F = 4f x (L/D) x (v/2)
C-106
= (4 x 0,008 ) x (11/0,009) x (3,05/2)
= 172.805 N.m/kg
3 Friksi pada elbow

hf = (4 x Kf x v)/2
= (4 x 0,75 x 3,05)/2
= 13.95 N.m/kg

hf = (Kf.v)/2
= (0,17 x 3,05)/2
= 0.79 N.m/kg

Kex = (1 - A/A) = (1 - 0) = 1
hex = (Kex.v)/2 = (1 x 3,05)/2
= 4.7 N.m/kg
Dari Semua perhitungan friction loss pada pipa lurus, dapat diperoleh P2
P2 = F x
= 194.8 N.m/kg x 945 kg/m3
= 184056.45 N/m2
= 1380.5 mmHg
= 1.82 atm
= 1.88 kg/cm2g

Maka, PDischarge Pump = P2 + P3 - P1
= 1.88 + 2 - 1.26
= 2.61 atm
= 2.7012 kg/cm2g

C-107
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations",eq.2.7-28,p.108)
(untuk aliran turbulen) = 1.00
Dimana:
karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa
dan yang keluar pompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan
sehingga v22-v12 = 0
1/2 (V - V) = 0
0 + 29.4 + 0.00065 + 195 + Ws = 0
224.159 + Ws = 0
-224.2 = Ws
Menghitung Ws
pompa sentrifugal kapasitas 14,2 m3/jam memiliki efisiensi sebesar 60%
Ws = -xWp
-224 = -0.6 xWp
Wp = 373.6 J/Kg
Daya Pompa = mxWp

= 4.389 kg/s x 373.6 J/Kg
= 1,639.90 J/s
= 1,639.90
1000
= 1.64 kW
= 2.19 hp
Power motor = BHP

h
= 2.19
0.97
= 2.25 hp = 2.652 kW
19. OIL PURIFIER (H-200)

Fungsi = Untuk memurnikan minyak yang berasal dari CST dan
diharapkan kadar airnya sekitar 1%
Prinsip Kerja = Gaya sentrifugal yang dihasilkan oleh bowl yang
akan terjadi pemisahan yang cepat antara air dan minyak.
Komponen % (kg/m3)
C-108
Air
l
Minyak
campuran
Kapasitas olah
Volume isian
Tebal basket
=
=
Tipe saringan
94.966 856.1
5.0342 965.34
= (%minyak x minyak)+ (%air x air)

= 861.599 kg/m3
= 53.788
Kapasitas basket
= 18.340
lb/ft3
= 15802.129 kg
= 15802.129 kg
861.599
= 647.657
Dari tabel 35.2 Hugot, diambil

D = 48 in =
H = 30 in =
1.219 m
0.762 m
340 x D2 x H
385.111 ft3
Diketahui waktu cycle HGF

Diambil waktu cycle
Waktu cycle per jam (N)
Basket yang dibutuhkan
Steam
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
kg/m3
m3
ft3
Untuk D = 48 in, kecepatan putar pada basket
Maksimum volume dalam basket

(Vp)
= 1400 rpm
= 23.333 rev/s
= 0.25 in
HGF (High Grade Fugal) bekerja diskontinyu

10 - 60 menit
15 menit
60
15
4
Vp x N
1540 Liter
18340
1540.446
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di OIL PURIFIER
C-109
= 11.91 = 12 buah

= 763.4 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas
Neraca Panas = 51286.101 Kkal/jam x (1 Btu / 0,25216 Kkal)
= 203387.1 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 87.3 - 18
ln 87.3 / 18
= 43.889 F

Tc = 185 + 194 = 189.5 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.15 F
2
Ukuran pipa coil = 0.75 in OD BWG 16
ID = 0.62 in = 0.052 ft = 0.016 m
a'' = 0.3925 ft2/1in ft


= 36893406
2. JH = 1500 (Fig. 20.2)
dengan:
Tc = 189.5 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
C-110
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 205191.16
1225.956
= 167.372 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 27.69 ft2
L = A/a''
= 70.5 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 2.808
= 3 lilitan
20. VACUUM DRYER (H-210)

Fungsi = Untuk mengeringkan minyak yang keluar dari oil purifier
Tipe = Single fluid pneumatic nozzles spray drayer dengan sistem vacuum
Direncanakan
Vacuum dryer tipe counter current Perry Figure 12-101 hal.12-86
Suhu minyak masuk (t1) = 70 C = 158 F
Suhu minyak keluar (t2) = 75 C = 167 F
Suhu umpan masuk (T1) == 80 C = 176 F
Suhu umpan keluar (T2) = 80 C = 176 F
Fluid panas Kondisi Fluid dingin selisih

176 Temperatur yang lebih tinggi 167 9
176 Temperatur yang lebih tinggi 158 18
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
C-111
ln (t1 - t2)
= 12.984 F
Dari gambar disamping berdasarkan Perry, merupakan counter current sehingga,

dapat dihitung diameter rata-rata tetesan (drop) yang keluar nozzle :
Perry Pers. 12-64 hal. 12-89
For single-fluid pressure nozzles, a rule of thumb is :
Xve = 500 x P1/3
Asumsi dari heater p = 10 lbf/in2

Xve = 232.1 m
Diameter maksimum tetesan yang keluar nozzel :

Xm = 3 Xve (Perry Pers 12.66)
= 696.2 m
= 0.002 ft = 0.001 m
Untuk Volume chamber :

Single fluid pressure nozzles
Q = 10.98 x Kf x v2/3 x T Ds t 1//2

x
Dm2 s
Perry pers. 12-68 hal. 12-89
Dimana :
Q = Laju perpindahan paans = 182592 kJ/jam
= 173463 Btu/jam
Kf = Konduktifitas termal = 0.0143 Btu/jam ft F
v = Volume Drayer chamber (ft3)
t = Temperatur driving force (LMTD) = 12.98 F
Dm = Diameter maksimum tetesan = 0.0023 ft
s = Densitas cairan 53.79 lb/ft3
t = Densitas gas pengering pada kondisi keluar = 0.0065 lb/ft3
Ds = Diameter nozzel = 0.679083 mm
= 0.0022 ft
(Perry, 1997)
Dari perhitungan Q di atas bisa didapat volume drayer chamber

Vt = 0.00062 ft = 0.000017 m
Untuk Tinggi dan diameter drayer chamber :

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas dan bawah = Torisperical dished head
C-112
Bahan Konstruksi = Stainless steel
Kondisi operasi =
P = 1 atm
T = 90 C
Menghitung volume total tangki :

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000098 ID3
0.00062 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000098 ID3
ID = 0.0808 ft
= 0.0246 m
= 0.97 in
Tinggi silinder :
Ls = 0.12 ft
= 1.45 in
Tinggi bahan dalam tangki :

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + 0.000049 ID3
0.00062 = 0.005 Lls + 0.000000026
Lls = 0.121 ft
Tekanan Desain :
Bahan konstruksi = Stainless Steel
= 0.314 lb/in
Tebal silinder :
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 18.5335 + 0.0625
29977.072
= 0.063 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 0.970 + 0.375
C-113
= 1.345 in
= 24 - 0.375
= 23.625 in
= 35.438 in
Berat shell = 3,14 x OD x ts x Ls x material

= 157 lb
= 71 kg
Perhitungan tebal tutup atas dan bawah

Tutup berbentuk torispherical dishead
OD = 24 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 24 in
tha = Pi x r x W
+ C
2 (FE - 0,1 Pi)
W = 0,25 x (3 + (r/icr)1/2)
icr = 1.5 in
W = 1.75
tha = 802.485 0.0625

+
29996.179
= 0.089
Berat tutup :
m tutup = 2 x ( x ( ID) x tha x material)
= 52 lb
= 23 kg
a. Tinggi tutup atas
r = 24 in
icr = 1.5 in

a = x ID = 11.8125 in
C-114
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 10.3125 in
BC = r - icr = 22.5 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2) = 4.0024 in
OA = t + b + sf = 6.4399 in
Tinggi total = Ls + (2 x OA)

= 35.44 + 12.88
= 48.32 in
= 1.227 m
21. BAROMETIC CONDENSER (E-127)

Fungsi = Mengkondensasi uap air yang keluar dari vacuum dryer
Type = Counter-current dry air condenser
Material = Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade C
Kondisi Operasi = T uap air masuk = 55 o
C
P uap air masuk = 15.76 kPa
T air pendingin masuk = 30 o
C
T air pendingin keluar = 52.5 o
C
Menghitung Kebutuhan Air Pendingin :

Ts5 = 55 o
C
ls4 = 2370.67 kkal/kg
m = 155.2 kg/jam
Panas laten yang ditransfer ke kondensor = m x ls4
= 155.2 x 2370.67
= 367886.5 kkal/jam
Air pendingin yang dibutuhkan = 3938.733 kg/jam
Komposisi air masuk =
Uap air dari vacu = 155.2 kg/jam
Air pendingin = 3938.733 kg/jam
Tinggi dan diameter kondensor :

Laju alir masa uap = 155.2 kg/jam
= 342.12 lb/jam
Dari tabel 40.2 diperoleh tinggi body condensor 4.50 m = 14.764 ft
(Hugot, 3rd edition hlm.858 )
= 177.17 in
Luas penampang kondensor ( S ) = 1,7 ft2/ton uap yang diembunkan tiap jam
= 10.955 ft2
Diameter kondensor (D) = 3.7357 ft
= 44.828 in
C-115
Perhitungan Pipa Uap
Laju alir masa uap = 155.2 kg/jam = 342.1 lb/jam
= 0.095 lb/detik
Dari tabel 40.4 diperoleh kecepatan normal uap dalam vak = 28 in
Densitas uap = 0.004 lb/ft3
Kecepatan normal uap (v) = 210 ft/s
Rate uap (V) = m /r
= 0.0950
0.0035
= 27 ft3/detik
Cross section pipa, S = V
v
= 27
210
= 0.13 ft2
Diameter pipa uap, d = (4s/p)0,5
= 0.405 ft
= 5 in
= 0.1234 m
Perhitungan Pipa Air

v = a(2 g.h)0,5 (Pers.40.2, Hugot)
dimana : v = Kecepatan air masuk (ft/s)
a = Koefisien yang tergantung pada panjang pipa, valve, dll
Umumnya digunakan 0,5.
h = Tinggi masukan air dingin pada body condensor (ft) = 4 ft
g = 32.16
v = 0.5 x ( 2 x 32.16 x 4 )0,5

= 8.02 ft/detik
= ( 4 QL /p v)
0,5
D
dimana D = Diameter pipa air pendingin (ft)
QL = Laju alir air (ft3/detik)
QL = m /r
= 3938.73
62.43
= 63.09 ft3/jam
= 0.02 ft3/detik
C-116
D = ( 4 x 0.018 / p . 8.020 )0,5
= 0.053 ft
= 0.633 in
Perhitungan Tinggi Barometric Leg :
h = Ho + x + s
Ho = 34 x 28 x 1.004 x 30.7
30 30
= 32.508 ft
V2
x = (1+a)
2g
Asumsi : V = 3 ft / s
a = 1 (Tabel 41.13, Hugot)
x = 0.2795 ft
s = 1.5 ft (Hal 833, Hugot)
h = 34.287 ft
= 10.451 m
22. STEAM JET EJECTOR (G-128)

Fungsi = Menarik gas-gas yang tidak terkondensasi pada
Barometic Condensor
Material = Carbon Steel SA 334 Grade C
Jumlah = 1 unit
Tipe = Single stage jet
Tekanan Vacuum = 7 inHg abs (Ludwig, Fig.6-9, hal 353)
Suhu vapor, Tv = 55 o
C
= 131 oF
Tekanan Vapor pada 55=oC15.76 kPa
= 4.65 inHg
Pounds of water vapor per pound of air = 10
C-117
(Ludwig, Fig. 6-20A, hal364)
Sehingga, Wv' = 10 lb uap air/ lb udara
Maksimum uap air masuk = 8193.19 lb/jam
Recommended udara kering = 56.2 lb/jam
(Ludwig, Tab 6-6, hal 366)
Total uap air = Wa x Wv'
= 56.2 x 10
= 562 lb/jam
Total campuran uap = 562 + 56
= 618.2 lb/jam
Pemilihan ukuran Jet Ejector

Kebutuhan steam = 65646 lb/jam
Panjang = 4 in L (Ludwig, Fig. 6-26A, hal 373)
Suhu steam = 120 o
C
= 248 F o
Tekanan = 29.8psia
= 15.1psig
Pada Ps. = 15.1psig,
F = 1.4 (Steam Pressure Factor)
(Ludwig, Fig. 6.26B, hal 373)
Kebutuhan steam sebenarnya (Ws) = 65646 x 1.4
= 91904 lb/jam
= 41687 kg/jam
Mencari waktu evakuasi

Sistem volume, V = 10000 ft3 (Ludwig, Fig. 6.21, hal 367)
Faktor evakuasi, E = 1.9 (Ludwig, Tabel 6-9, hal 374)
Suction pressure, Ps = 75 torr
t = [2.3 - 0.003 (Ps) ]V (Ludwig, Eq.6-27)
W'j
Keterangan:
t = waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk evakuasi, min
Ps = Suction Pressure, torr
V = Volume proses, ft3
W'j = Kapasitas steam ejector, lb/jam
t = [2.3 -0.003 x 75 ] x 10000

65646
= 0.3161 menit
Jadi waktu evakuasi = 0.3161 menit
C-118
23. PUMP CPO STORAGE (L-130)
Fungsi = Mengalirkan CPO dari Vacuum Dryer menuju CPO Storage
Dasar perencanaan
Bahan = Stainless Steel
Skema :
Data :
1. larutan CPO = 857.18 kg/m = 53.4881 lb/ft3
3. Laju alir massa = 14853.56 kg/jam
= 326778.27 kg/hari
Keterangan :
p = Tekanan, Pa
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations" 3rd Ed,eq.2.7-28,p.64)
C-119
Perhitungan :
Waktu kerja = 18 jam/hari
Diketahui :
CPO = 0.8572 gr/cm = 857.18 kg/m
CPO = 0.00081 kg/m.s = 54 lb/ft
Rate = 14853.558 kg/jam / 857.18 kg/m

= 0.0048134 m/s
= 0.002 ft/s
Rate massa = Qx
= 0.00481 m/s x 857.18 kg/m
= 4.126 kg/s

untuk air atau fluida yang seperti air sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s).
Dari hasil trial didapatkan nilai v sebesar 10 ft/s (3,5 m/s)
v = Q
A
3.05 = 0.0048 m3/s
A
A = 0.0016 m2

ID Optimum Pipa = 3.9 x qf x
0.45 0.13

= 0.374 in
= 0.011 m

Spesifikasi pipa Ukuran (Dalam Ukuran
in) (Dalam m)
C-120

NRe = ( x D x v)

= 857.18 kg/m3 x 0.0112 m x 3.05 m/s
0.00081 kg/m.s
= 36240.567

P1 = g h + Patm
= 857.2 kg/m x 9.8067 m/s2 x 3.1944 m + 1atm
= 26852.405 N/m2 + 1 atm
= 201.41 mmHg + 1 atm
P1 = 1.265 atm
= 1.3071 kg/cm2g
3 Friksi pada elbow
4 Friksi pada valve
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa menuju CPO Storage

1 Kontraksi pada masukan pipa dari Vacuum Dryer
Persamaan untuk kontraksi dari permukaan A ke A (pipa) dimana
Kc = 0,55 (1 - A/A)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
= 0.55
Hc = Kc.v/2
= (0,55 x (3,05))/(2 x 1)
= 2.558 N.m/kg
C-121
Maka nilai /D = 4,6 x 10 m/ 0.8763 m
= 0.00421
Pada NRe = 36240.567
Panjang total pipa lurus (panjang pipa + panjang ekivalen hambatan)

panjang pipa :
~ dari vacuum Dryer ke elbow I = 3 m
~ dari elbow I ke pompa = 1.5 m
~ dari pompa ke elbow II = 1.5 m
~ dari elbow II ke elbow III = 9 m
~ dari elbow IV ke Storage = 1 m +
Total = 19 m

F = 4f x (L/D) x (v/2)
= (4 x 0,0085) x (19/0,011) x (3,05/2)
= 267.605 N.m/kg
3 Friksi pada elbow

Kf = 0.75
maka persamaan 2.10-17 menjadi :
hf = (4 x Kf x v)/2
= (4 x 0,75 x 3,05)/2
= 13.95 N.m/kg

hf = (Kf x v)/2
= (0,17 x 3,05)/2
= 0.79 N.m/kg
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa ke Storage:

Kex = (1 - A/A) = (1 - 0) = 1
hex = (Kex.v)/2 = (1 x 3,05)/2
4.651 N.m/kg
6 Total Frictional loss, F = 289.559 N.m/kg
C-122
Semua perhitungan friction loss pada pipa lurus, maka dapat diperoleh P2
P2 = F x
= 289.6 N.m/kg x 857.2 kg/m3
= 248,205 N/m2
= 1861.69 mmHg
= 2.45 atm
= 2.53 kg/cm2g
Tekanan di terminal point (P3)

Maka, PDischarge Pump = P2 + P3 - P1
= 2.53 + 2 + 1.307
= 3.224 atm
= 3.3311 kg/cm2g


Dimana:
karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa dan
yang keluarpompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan, sehingga v22-v12 = 0
1/2 (V - V) = 0
0 + 58.8 + 0.0014 + 290 + Ws = 0
348.4 + Ws = 0
-348.36 = Ws
Menghitung Ws
Berdasarkan pump manufactur, pompa sentrifugal kapasitas 18,57 m3/jam
memiliki efisiensi sebesar 65%
Ws = -xWp
-348.36 = -0.65 xWp
Wp = 535.94 J/Kg
Daya pompa = mxWp
C-123
Power motor
Fungsi
Bahan konstruksi
Kapasitas
Komponen
Minyak
Air
campuran
volume isian
Vt
= 4.126 kg/s x
= 2,211.28 J/s
= 2,211.28
=
1000
= 2.21 kW
= 3
BHP
h
= 2.9484
0.97
hp
= 3.04 hp
24. CPO STORAGE (F-220)
= 53.512 lb/ft3
= 14853.558 kg
857.18158 kg/m3
= 17.3284 m3
= 611.91665 ft3
volume silinder utuh =

Asumsi Ls/D

535.94 J/Kg
Berdasarkan pump vendor, power pompa yang diingankan adalah 97%. Maka:
= Untuk menampung hasil CPO

= Stainless Steel 304
= 14853.56 kg
% (kg/m3)
99.01 856.1
0.9901 965.34
= (%minyak x minyak) + (%air x air)

= 857.18158 kg/m3
100% x 611.91665 ft3

80%
764.89581 ft3
Bentuk tutup atas dan bawah

Volume tutup
= volume silinder
= 1/4LsID2
764.9 = 1.1775 ID3
ID = 8.2811 ft
+
+
0.1694
0.1694
C-124
= 1.5
= Standar dished head
= 0.0847
+ ( 2 x volume tutup)
ID3
ID3
ID3
l= 2.5241 m
= 99.374 in

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + volume tutup b
611.9166 = 53.832879 Lls +
Lls = 10.473452 ft

Bahan konstruksi
Allowable pressure (F) =
Tekanan operasi
Faktor keamanan
Tekanan desain
ts =
=
Pi x ID
48.1006
Efisiensi sambungan (E) =

Corrosion allowance (C) =
Tekanan hidrostatis =
=
=
=
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
9569.8556
29884.4388
= 0.3827 in
+ C
+
Plate steels SA-240 grade S type 304
18750
0.8
0.0625
62.3448
77.0408
25%
96.3010
0.0625
Dari tabel 5.7 (Brownell) didapatkan ts standar
OD
ID koreksi
Ls koreksi
ts
r
tha
=
= 104
ID
= 100.12443
= 0.375
= 104
=
=
=
+
= 99.374426 +
in
in
in
2ts
0.75
Dari tabel 5.7 (Brownell) didapatkan OD standar

= OD
= 104
= 103.25
- 2ts
- 0.75
1.5 x ID koreksi
154.875 in

OD in
0.885 x P x r
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
+ C
C-125
psia
psia
psia
psia
=
0.375
104
in
in

r = 96
b
=
icr = 5.875 in
in
8863.5430592055
29980.7398021312
0.3581 in
Dari tabel 5.6 diambil tha standar
= r - (BC - AB )
OA = t + b + sf
2 2
Panjang storage = Ls + (2 x OA )
= 176.6004 in
= 4.4857
Steam
m
Temperature steam masuk (T1)

Temperature steam keluar (T2)
Temperatur minyak masuk (t1) =
Temperatur minyak keluar (t2)
a. Neraca Panas
=
+ 0.0625

a = x ID
AB = ( x ID) - icr
BC = r - icr
=
=
51.625 in
45.75
90.125 in
= 18.350447 in
= 21.725447 in
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di CPO Storage

in
=
= 133.5 C = 272.3 F
= 100 C = 212 F
=
50 C = 122 F
55 C = 131 F
Berdasarkan neraca energi didapatkan massa steam =
C-126
=
0.375 in
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 3/8 Standar dished head
979.83 kg/jam
7838.62 kg/hari
Neraca Panas = 2266478 Kkal/jam x( 1 Btu / 0.2522 Kkal)
= 8988255 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
ln (t1 - t2)
= 150.3 - 81
ln 150.3 / 81
= 112.10252 F
Tc = 122 + 131 = 126.5 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.15 F

2

(Kern, hal.843)
ID = 0.62 in = 0.05166667 ft = 0.0157 m
a'' = 0.302 ft2/1in ft

NRe = ( x D x v)

= ( 857.18 x 0.0157 x 3.05 )
0.00081
= 50829.276


= 50829.276
2. JH = 800 (Fig. 20.2)
dengan:
Tc = 126.5 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
C-127
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 160741.88
1003.709
= 160.148 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 500.66
L = A/a''
= 1657.8 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 65.995
= 57 lilitan
25. SCREW CONVEYOR (J-131)

Fungsi = Untuk mengalirkan bahan slurry dari screw press menuju
depericarper
Material Class = H 36 (Perry Table 21-4)
Kapasitas = 4335 kg/jam
= 9557 lb/jam
Density = 58.181 lb/ft3
C-128
l
Data yang diperoleh
Diameter of flight
Diameter of pipe
Diameter of shafts
Size of lumps (max.)
Speed
Feed section diameter
hp motor/ 30ft length
26. DEPERICARPER (H-230)

Fungsi
Bahan
Tipe
Kapasitas
Biji
campuran
Asumsi
Ls/D
= 4253.087 kg
Komponen
Serat
volume isian
% (kg/m3)
42.66
= 4.564
= 161.152
volume silinder utuh =
Bentuk tutup atas

Volume tutup atas
= 1.5
730
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
57.02 1088.31
9
2.5
2
0.75
40
6
0.85
= (%massa serat x serat)

= 931.972 kg/m3
= 58.181
= 4253.087
931.972
lb/ft3
kg
kg/m3
m3
ft3
100%
80%
in
in
in
rpm
in
HP
= Untuk memisahkan serat dan biji

= Carbon Steel SA-283 grade A
= Induced draught depericarper
x 161.2 ft3
= 201.44012 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi depericarper
= Standar dished head

= 0.0847 ID3
C-129
= 0.2286 m
= 0.0635 m
= 0.0508 m
= 0.1524 m
+ (%massa biji x biji)

= 120
Vt = volume silinder + tutup atas + tutup bawah

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
201.4 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.0847 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 5.3201 ft
= 1.6216 m
= 63.842 in

161.1521 = 22.218 Lls + 11.384
Lls = 6.741 ft

Bahan konstruksi = Carbon Steel SA 283 grade A
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 1334.5097 + 0.125
16534.916
= 0.206 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 63.842 + 0.5
= 64.342
= 66 - 0.5
= 65.5 in
= 98.25 in
C-130
a. Tebal tutup atas (standar dished)
OD = 66 in
ts = 0.25 in
r = 66 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r + C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 1220.9701 + 0.125
16555.819
= 0.1987487 in
tha standar = 0.25 in

thb = P x OD + C
4(fE - 0,6Pi)cosa
= 1379.6273 + 0.125
15624.784
= 0.213 in

a. Tinggi tutup atas (Standar dished head)
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup = 4/16 standar dishead
r = 66 in
icr = 4.75 in

a = x ID = 32.75 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 28 in
BC = r - icr = 61.25 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 11.5247 in
OA = t + b + sf = 14.0247 in
b Tinggi tutup bawah (Conical)

hb = OD
2 tan 0,5a
= 19.076 in
Panjang depericarper = Ls koreksi + OA+ hb

= 131.351 in
= 3.336 m
C-131
Tipe
l
27. BLOWER DEPERICARPER (G-132 A/B)
Fungsi
Bahan Konstruksi
Kondisi operasi
P = 1 atm
T = 30C
ID Depericarper
Luas penampang
v udara
Volumetrik rate
Operasi 1 jam
Massa udara
Dasar Perencanaan
Volumetrik rate
T Udara
P1
P2
Densitas Udara
BM Udara
Kondisi Isothermal
Brake kW
= Memisahkan serabut-serabut ringan dan fiber ringan
Massa udara masuk =

=
=
=
=
=
=
dengan menghembuskan udara luar menuju cyclone
= Sentrifugal
= Stainless Steel SA-283
= 14.69 psia
=
= 1.664 m
= 2.173 m2
=
1
6 m/s
= 13.04 m3/s
3600 s
Densitas udara (40 o C) =
30
1.16 kg/m3
= 54441.887 kg
54442
15.12
12.95
303.2
= 101.3
= 1.5
= 152.0
= 1.168
= 29.68
M
36.4 J/kg
= - Ws x m
x 1000
= 0.734
Power untuk 2 blower = 0.734
kW
kW
C
K
atm
kPa
atm
kPa
Kg/m3
kg/mol
(Naibaho, 1998)
kg/jam
kg/s
m3/s
46627.862 m3/jam
menurut Geankoplis 5th edition page 152

(-Ws) = 3.5 RT1
[(
C-132
P2
P1 )^0.285 - 1 ]
l
Power untuk 1 blower = 0.367
28. FIBER CYCLONE (H-133)

Fungsi
Bahan
Laju alir serat
Komponen
Serat
Air
Minyak
campuran
92.36
6.89
0.75
Laju alir volumetrik

730
995.68
894.8
kW
= Memisahkan serat yang diolah menggunakan SCFE dan udara

= Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade A
= 1979.2552 kg/jam
% (kg/m3)
= (%massa serat x serat) +(%massa air x air)+

(%massa minyak x minyak)
= 749.54642 kg/m3
= 1979.255 kg/jam
=
749.546 kg/m3
2.641 m3/jam
Jumlah putaran efektif gas dalam cyclone (Ne)

Kecepatan gas masuk cyclone (Vc)
Luas permukaan feeder cyclone (A)
A
0.088
Dc
(De)
(Lb)
(Lc)
(Dd)
(W)/(Bc)
(H)
(De)
(Lb)
(Lc)
(Dd)
(W)/(Bc)
(H)
Data partikel debu dan udara inlet cyclone
C-133
= 6
= 30 m/s = 98 ft/s
=
=
=
Laju alir volumetrik
Kecepatan gas masuk cyclone
0.088
0.1
= 0.1 Dc2
= 0.9382 m
= 0.5 Dc
= 1.5 Dc
= 2.5 Dc
= 0.375 Dc
= 0.2 Dc
= 0.5 Dc
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.469
1.407
2.345
0.352
0.188
0.469
Dc2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m2
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.539
4.617
7.695
1.154
0.616
1.539
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
viskositas udara = 0.0184 cp
= 0.0000123 lb/fts
densitas partikel = 45.5723 lb/ft3
perhitungan efsiensi :
rumus :
= 1
1+(dpc/dp)2
dpc = [9 Bc / 2 nt Vi (p-)]^0.5
nt = Lb + Lc
2H
= 4
dpc = 0.00002464 ft
= 7.905 m
dp = 250 m
= 99.90 %
Material yang keluar cyclone = debu masuk cyclone (1-efisiensi cyclone)

= 1979.255 x 0.000999
= 1.977 kg/jam

Fungsi = Mengangkut biji kelapa sawit menuju nut silo
Kapasitas kernel = 2273.83 kg/jam
= 2.274 ton/jam
Density = 1088.31 kg/m3
= 67.941 lb/ft
Panjang = 10 m

hp/100-ft(30.48m)centre = 0.44 HP
30. NUT SILO (H-260)
C-134
Fungsi = Melumatkan biji sawit agar mudah dipress
Kapasitas olah nut silo = 2273.832 kg
biji sawit = 1088.31 kg/m3
= 67.941 lb/ft3

1088.31 kg/m3
= 2.0893 m3
= 73.780 ft3

80%
= 92.225 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi nut silo

Asumsi
Ls/D = 1.5
= 120
Vt = volume silinder + tutup atas + tutup bawah

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
92.23 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 4.1907 ft
= 1.2773 m
= 50.288 in
73.780 = 13.786 Lls + 5.564
Lls = 4.948 ft

C-135
OD
ts
r
tha
tha
l
ts =
= 50.663
= 54
= 0.1875
= 54
Pi x ID
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 2771.3963
=
30044.088
0.155 in
= Pi x r x W
29988.978
= 0.228
in
in
in
2 (fE - 0,1 Pi)
= 1.6686
4 in
= 4965.530
+
+ C
+ C
+
= 0,25 x (3 + (r/icr)1/2)
icr =
0.0625
0.0625

OD = ID
= 50.288 +
+ 2ts
0.375
ID koreksi
Ls koreksi
=
=
=
=
=
OD -
54 -
53.625 in
2ts
0.375
1.5 x ID koreksi
80.4375 in

Dari tabel 5.8 (Brownell) didapatkan tha standar

thb = P x ID
4(fE-0,6P)cos 0,5a
= 2955.274
56572.433
= 0.115
+
+ C
0.0625
thb standar
C-136
=
=
0.1875
54
0.25
0.1875 in
in
in
in
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tutup =4/16 torispherical dishead
r = 54 in
icr = 3.125 in

a = x ID = 26.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 23.6875 in
BC = r - icr = 50.875 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 8.9759179 in
OA = t + b + sf = 11.475918 in
Tinggi tutup bawah

hb = OD
2tan 0,5a
= 15.608 in
Panjang nut silo = Ls + OA + hb

= 80.44 + 11.476 + 15.608
= 91.91 in
= 2.335 m
31. BLOWER NUT SILO (G-136)

Fungsi = Untuk mengeringkan inti kernel didalam bin
Tipe = Sentrifugal
Bahan Konstruksi = Stainless Steel SA-283
Kondisi operasi =
P = 1 atm = 14.7 psia
Suhu = 30C
Dasar Perencanaan
Massa udara masuk = 1297 kg/jam
= 0.360 kg/s
Volumetrik rate = 0.31 m3/s = 1111 m3/jam
T Udara = 30 C = 303.2 K
P1 = 1 atm = 101.3 kPa
P2 = 1.5 atm = 152.0 kPa
Densitas Udara = 1.168 Kg/m3
BM Udara = 29.68 kg/mol
Kondisi Isothermal menurut Geankoplis 5th edition page 152
C-137
(-Ws) = 2.3026 RT1 log P2
M P1
= 28972.1 J/kg
Brake kW = - Ws x m = 13.917
x 1000
Power untuk 2 blower = 13.917 kW
32. HEATER NUT SILO (E-137)

Steam
t1 = 109.3 C
= 228.74 F
m udara = 1297 kg
= 588.30623 lb
T1 = 30 C T2 = 60 C
= 86 F = 140 F
t2 = 107.1 C
= 224.78 F
Cp udara masuk = 1.013 kJ/kgC = 0.242 Btu/ lb F
Cp udara keluar = 1.019 kJ/kgC = 0.243 Btu/ lb F
(http://www.peacesoftware.de/einigewerte/co2_e.html)
Cp steam masuk = 1.916 kJ/kgC = 0.458 Btu/ lb F
Cp steam keluar = 4.416 kJ/kgC = 1.055 Btu/ lb F
T ref = 25 C
Massa fluida panas (steam) = 17.5 kg = 38.581 lb

Massal fluida dingin (udara) = 1297 kg = 2859 lb
1. Material dan Heat balance

Q = m x Cp(f.dingin) x t
= 37366.776 Btu/hr
2. Menghitung T
Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Diff
228.70 Higher Temp 140.0 88.7
224.80 Lower Temp 86.0 139
4 Differences 54.0 -50.1
TLMTD = T1-T2
ln (T1/T2)
= 111.887 F
R = 0.0722 FT = 0.75
C-138
S = 0.6088
t = 83.915 F
Suhu kalorik
Tc = 226.75 F
tc = 113 F
Asumsi : Ud = 15
Ao = 37366.78
1258.7261
= 29.686 ft2
Asumsi 1-2 exchanger

a. Panjang = 10
OD = 0.75 in
BWG = 16
triangular pitch = 1 in
Dari tabel 10, didapat : ID = 0.652

Flow area/tube = 0.302
Surface/ lin ft : OD = 0.1963
ID = 0.1623
b. Nt = Ao/(Lx a''t) = 29.686 / ( 10 x 0.1963 )

= 15.123
Coba untuk tube passes, n = 4-P
Nt standar = 20 (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
IDs = 8 in (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
c). Koreksi Ud
A = Nt x a''t x L
A = 20 x 0.1963 x 10
A = 39.260 ft2
Ud = Q / (A x t)
Ud = 37366.776 / ( 39.260 x 83.92 )
Ud = 11.342 Btu/J ft2 oF
Kesimpulan sementara hasil perancangan :

Bagian shell
IDs = 8
n' = 2 (jumlah passes pada shell)
B = 8 in (baffle spacing)
de = 0.73 in (diameter ekivalen) (Appendiks fig. 28, Kern)
C-139
Bagian Tube
di = 0.652 in (diameter dalam tube) (Appendiks tabel 10, Kern)
do = 0.75 in (diameter luar tube)
L = 10 ft (panjang tube)
n = 4 (jumlah passes pada tube) (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
Nt = 20 (jumlah tube) (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
Pt = 1 in (jarak antar sumbu tube)
C' = 0.25 in (jarak antar diameter luar tube) (C' = Pt - do)
a"t = 0.1963 ft (luas permukaan panjang)
2
(Appendiks tabel 10, Kern)
a't = 0.334 in2 (luas penampang aliran) (Appendiks tabel 10, Kern)
Perpindahan panas
Shell Tube
5) Menghitung Nre 5') Menghitung Nre pipa
as = (IDs x B x c')/(n' x Pt x 144) at = (Nt x a't)/144n
= 8 x 8 x 0.25 = 20 x 0.334
2 x 1 x 144 144 x 4
= 0.0556 ft2 = 0.0116 ft2
6) Gs = M / as 6') Gt = m / at
= 588 / 0.0556 = 111837.1 lb/hr.ft2
= 10590 lb/hr.ft2
7) Nre = de x Gs / m x 2.42 7') Nret = di x Gt / m 2.42

= 0.061 x 10590 = 0.652 /12 x 111837.1
0.019 x 2.42 0.0180 x 2.42
= 1163.85 = 139497
8) JH = 55 (fig. 28, Kern)
9) ho = JH x (k/de) x (cp m/k)

1/3
8') hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
= 12.382 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
9) Mencari tahanan panas pipa bersih(Uc)

Uc = ho x hio
ho + hio
= 12.38 x 1500
12.38 + 1500
= 12.28
10) Mencari dirt factor(Rd)
C-140
Rd = (Uc - Ud)/(Uc x Ud)
= 0.01 > 0.005 Rd ditetapkan (memenuhi)
Evaluasi P
Shell Tube
1) NRes = 1163.85 1) Nret = 139496.9
f = 0.0034 (fig. 29, Kern) f = 0.00045 (fig 26, Kern)
sg = 0.05
2) Menghitung harga (N+1) 2) .P1 = f x Gt2 x L x n

N+1 = (12 x l x n') / B 5.22x1010 x di x sg x t
= 30 = 1.588
IDs = 8 in 3) Pn = 4 x n x v2 x 62.5
= 0.667 ft sg x 2gc x 144
v2x62.5 = 0.001 (fig, 27, Kern)
s.g = 0.073 2gc x 144
Pn = 4 x 4 x 0.001
Ps f Gs2 IDs (N+1) 0.05
5.22 x 10 x de x Sg x s
10
= 0.384
= 0.033 psia Pt = 1.588 + 0.384

= 1.972
Ps < 2 psia (memenuhi)
Pt < 2 psia (memenuhi)
33. NUT CRACKER (C-270)

Tipe = Hammer mill
Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan inti dan cangkang biji kelapa sawit
Bahan konstruksi = Commersial Steel
Jumlah = 1 buah
Data :
Laju bahan masuk = 2273.83 kg/jam
Faktor kelonggaran = 20%
Kapasitas olah = 2728.5984 kg/jam
Data yang diperoleh (Tabel 20-14, Perry's Handbook, 1999)

Model no. = 505
Diameter = 30 in = 0.762 m
Panjang = 30 in = 0.762 m
Ukuran feed (maks) = 2.5 in = 0.0635 m
C-141
Kecepatan (maks) = 1200 rpm
Daya = 100 hp

Fungsi = Mengangkut pecahan biji kelapa menuju hydrocyclone
Kapasitas kernel = 2122.08 kg/jam
= 2.12 ton/jam
Density = 921.34 kg/m3
= 57.517 lb/ft
Panjang = 10 m

hp/100-ft(30.48m)centre = 0.44 HP
35. HYDROCYCLONE (H-280)

Fungsi = Memisahkan cangkang dan biji yang telah terpisah
Bahan konstruksi = Carbon Steel SA-283 grade A
Kapasitas hydrocyclone = 1591.5599 kg
Jumlah Hydrocyclone = 1
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Air 37.7 965.34
Cangkang 29 833.29
Inti 33.3 1400
campuran = (%m air x air) + (%m cangkang x cangkang) +

(%m inti x inti)
= 1071.7873 kg/m3
= 66.909 lb/ft3
Laju alir volumetrik = 1591.560 kg/jam

1071.787 kg/m3
= 1.485 m3/jam
C-142
Jumlah putaran efektif gas dalam cyclone (Ne) = 6 (Naibaho)
Kecepatan gas masuk cyclone (Vc) = 30 m/s
= 98 ft/s
Luas permukaan feeder cyclone (A) = Laju alir volumetrik

kecepatan gas masuk cyclone
= 0.049 m2
A = 0.1 Dc2
0.049 = 0.1 Dc2
Dc = 0.7036 m
(De) = 0.5 Dc
(Lb) = 1.5 Dc
(Lc) = 2.5 Dc
(Dd) = 0.375 Dc
(W)/(Bc) = 0.2 Dc
(H) = 0.5 Dc
(De) = 0.4691 m = 1.538 ft

(Lb) = 1.4073 m = 4.6141 ft
(Lc) = 2.3455 m = 7.6901 ft
(Dd) = 0.3518 m = 1.1535 ft
(W)/(Bc) = 0.1876 m = 0.6152 ft
(H) = 0.4691 m = 1.538 ft
Data partikel debu dan udara inlet cyclone = 1.8 cp

Viskositas air = 0.0012095 lb/fts
Densitas partikel = 87.399 lb/ft3
Perhitungan efsiensi :
Rumus :
= 1
1+(dpc/dp)2
dpc = [9 Bc / 2 nt Vi (p-)]^0.5
nt = Lb + Lc
2H
= 4
dpc = 0.00001441 ft
= 4.622 m
dp = 250 m (diameter partikel)
C-143
= 99.965835 %
36. HYDROCYCLONE PUMP (L-139)

Fungsi = Untuk mengalirkan air dari bak penampung air menuju
hydrocyclone
Dasar perencanaan
Bahan = Stainless Steel
Skema =
Data :
1. air = 1071.7873 kg/m = 66.88
2. air, 30C = 0.81 cp = 0.00081 lb/ft3
3. Laju alir massa yang akan dialirkan =1591.56 kg/jam kg/m.s
= 25464.958 kg/hari
(1/(2a gc x(v22av - v12av)))+(( g/gc)x(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/r) + SF + Ws = 0,

Dimana =
gc = Faktor proposionalitas (kesebandingan) Newton, 32 174 ft-lb/lbf-s.
p = Tekanan, lbf/ft
F = Gaya gesek total dalam sistem,ft.lbf/lbm
v = Kecepatan aliran dalam pipa,m/s.
z = Tinggi fluida,ft
Ws = Kerja pompa,j/kg atau ft.lbf/lbm
= Densitas fluida, lb/ft
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations" 3rd Ed,eq.2.7-28,p.64)
C-144
Perhitungan
Kapasitas bahan baku = 1591.56 kg/jam
Diketahui :
air = 1.0717873 gr/cm = 1072 kg/m
air = 0.00081 kg/m.s = 66.912 lb/ft
Rate = 1591.5599 kg/jam / 1072 kg/m

= 0.00041 m/s
= 0.00015 ft/s
Rate massa = Qx
= 0.00041 m/s x 1072 kg/m
= 0.4421 kg/s

untuk air atau fluida yang seperti air sebesar 3-10 ft/s (0,91-3,0 m/s). Dari hasil
trial didapatkan nilai v sebesar 7 ft/s (3,05 m/s)
v = Q
A
3.05 = 0.00041 m3/s
A
A = 0.00014 m2

untuk menghitung ID Optimum Pipa untuk aliran viscous:
= 0.128 in
= 0.003 m

Spesifikasi pipa Ukuran (Dalam Ukuran
in) (Dalam m)
C-145
Inside Diamater (ID)
Outside Diameter (OD)
Ditetapkan design ID
=
=
=
24652.462 N/m2 +
184.91 mmHg
1.2433 atm
1.2846 kg/cm2g
3 Friksi pada elbow

4 Friksi pada valve
+
0.128
1.05
0.824

NRe = ( x D x v)

= 1,072 kg/m3 x 0.003 m x
= 13073.421
0.00081 kg/m.s

P1 = g h + Patm
=
=
1071.7873 kg/ x 9.8067 m/s2
1 atm
1 atm
0.004
0.027
0.0209296
3.05 m/s
x 2.3455 m + 1 atm
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa menuju Tangki hydrocyclone

Kc = 0,55 (1 - A/A)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
= 0.55
Hc = Kc.v/2
= (0,55 x (3,05))/(2 x 1)
= 2.558 N.m/kg
C-146
Untuk material Commercial steel = 4,6 x 10 m
Maka nilai /D = 4,6 x 10 m/ 0.02 m
= 0.0022
Pada NRe = 13073.421
Didapatkan fanning friction factor = 0.0085
Panjang total pipa lurus adalah

~ dari Tangki penampung ke elbow I = 1.5 m
~ dari elbow IV ke hydrocyclone = 0.4 m +
Total = 13.4 m

F = 4f x (L/D) x (v/2)
= (4 x 0,0085) x (13,4/0,003) x (3,05/2)
= 654.165 N.m/kg
3 Friksi pada elbow

Ditetapkan menggunakan elbow 90 sebanyak 4 buah, dari tabel 2.10-2,
hf = (4 x Kf x v)/2
= (4 x 0,75 x 3,05)/2
= 13.95 N.m/kg

hf = (Kf x v)/2
= (0,17 x 3,05)/2
= 1.581 N.m/kg
5 Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa ke Hydrocyclone :

Kex = (1 - A/A) = (1 - 0) = 1
hex = (Kex.v)/2 = (1 x 3,05)/2
= 4.651 N.m/kg
C-147
Dari Semua perhitungan friction loss pada pipa lurus, maka dapat diperoleh P2
P2 = F x
= 676.9 N.m/kg x 1,072 kg/m3
= 725,504 N/m2
= 5441.72 mmHg
= 7.16 atm
= 7.40 kg/cm2g

= 7.16 + 2 - 1.24
= 7.92 atm
= 8.1799 kg/cm2g

(untuk aliran turbulen) 1
Dimana:
karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa dan yang
keluar pompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan, sehingga v22-v12 = 0
1/2 (V - V) = 0
0 + 58.80 + 0.0055 + 677 + Ws = 0
735.72 + Ws = 0
-735.72 = Ws
Menghitung Ws
Berdasarkan pump manufactur, pompa sentrifugal dengan kapasitas 14,9
m3/jam memilik efisiensi sebesar 70%
Ws = -xWp
C-148
-736 = -1 xWp
Wp = 1051 J/Kg
Daya pompa = mxWp

= 0.442 kg/s x 1051 J/Kg
= 464.66 J/s
464.66
=
1000
= 0.46 kW
Berdasarkan pump vendor, diketahui power pompa yang diingankan adalah 97%
Power motor BHP
=
h
= 0.4647
0.97
= 0.48 kW
16. SILO DRYER (H-290)

Fungsi = Mengeringkan inti sawit sebelum dibawa ke screw press
inti sawit = 1400 kg/m3
= 87.399 lb/ft3

1400 kg/m3
= 1.0448 m3
= 36.895 ft3

80%
= 46.119 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi silo dryer

Asumsi
Ls/D = 1.5
= 120
Vt = volume silinder + volume tutup atas + Volume tutup bawah
C-149
= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
46.12 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000049 ID3 + 0.0756 ID3
ID = 3.3263 ft
= 1.0139 m
= 39.916 in

36.895 = 8.685 Lls + 2.782
Lls = 3.928 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 703.92232 + 0.125
30014.108
= 0.1485 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 39.915755 + 0.375
= 40.290755
= 42 - 0.375
= 41.625 in

= 62.4375 in

C-150
OD = 42 in
ts = 0.1875 in
r = 42 in
tha = Pi x r x W
+ C
2 (fE - 0,1 Pi)
W = 0,25 x (3 + (r/icr)1/2)
icr = 2.625 in
W = 1.75
tha = 1296.1872 0.125

+
29996.4730
= 0.1682 in

thb = P x ID + C
4(fE-0,6P)cos 0,5a
= 734.065 + 0.0625
56657.422
= 0.075 thb standar = 0.1875 in

r = 42 in
icr = 2.625 in
sf = 1.5 - 2.25 in (diambil sf = 2.25 in)

a = x ID = 20.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 18.1875 in
BC = r - icr = 39.375 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 7.0771498 in
OA = t + b + sf = 9.5146498 in
Tinggi tutup bawah

hb = OD
2tan 0,5a
= 12.139 in
Panjang silo dryer = Ls + OA + hb

= 62.44 + 9.5146 + 12.139
C-151
Fungsi
Tipe
Bahan Konstruksi
Kondisi operasi
P2
P = 1 atm
T = 30C
Dasar Perencanaan
Volumetrik rate
T Udara
P1
Densitas Udara
BM Udara
Kondisi Isothermal
Brake kW
=
=
=
=
=
=
39. SCREW PRESS (H-300)

Fungsi
Bahan konstruksi
=
=
=
1
71.95 in
1.828 m
38. BLOWER SILO DRYER (G-140)

= Untuk mengeringkan inti kernel didalam bin
= Sentrifugal
= Stainless Steel SA-283
=
= 14.69 psia
Massa udara masuk = 672 kg/jam

0.187 kg/s
0.16 m3/s
575.8 m3/jam
30
303.2 K
= 1.5
atm
= 101.3 kPa
atm
= 152.0 kPa
C
= 1.168 Kg/m3
= 29.68 kg/mol
menurut Geankoplis 5th edition page 152

(-Ws) = 3.5 RT1
M
36.4 J/kg
= - Ws x m
x 1000
= 0.009 kW

P2
[(
P1 ) ^0.285
= Untuk memisahkan minyak dari serat

= Stainless steel
Dengan perencanaan:
Kapasitas = 15 ton
C-152
- 1 ]
Panjang = 974 cm
Lebar = 294 cm
Diameter ulir = 536 mm
Panjang ulir = 1940 mm
Putaran ulir = 20 rpm
Spesifikasi
Merk = Manseman Atos Rexhorth
Tekanan kerja = 120 bar
Elektro motor
Tipe = TEFC
Daya = 30 Hp
Voltase = 38 Volt
40. VIBRATING SCREEN III (H-310)

Fungsi = Untuk memisahkan serat-serat kasar dan kotoran-kotoran
kasar yang terikut dengan minyak setelah screw press pko

Perry, chap. 19
Persamaan Matthews:
Dengan perencanaan

a + d
= 100 x 0.125 2
0.125 + 0.0167
= 77.8547
Kapasitas = 0.4 x F
C-153
Cu x Foa x Fs
= 0.4 x 1.2481
4 x 77.855 x 1
= 0.0016 ton/jam
18. PKO PURIFIER (H-320)

Fungsi = Memurnikan minyak yang berasal dari Screw Press dan
diharapkan kadar airnya sekitar 1%
Prinsip Kerja = Gaya sentrifugal yang dihasilkan oleh bowl yang
akan terjadi pemisahan yang cepat antara air dan minyak.
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 98.313 831
Air 1.6869 965.34

= 833.26612 kg/m3
= 52.019 lb/ft3

833.26612 kg/m3
= 1.4557528 m3
= 51.406998 ft3
Dari tabel 35.2 Hugot, diambil

D = 48 in = 1.219 m
H = 30 in = 0.762 m
Untuk D = 48 in, kecepatan putar dari basket = 1400 rpm

Tebal basket = 0.25 in
Maksimum volume dalam basket (Vp) = 340 x D2 x H
= 385.11142 ft3
Tipe saringan = HGF (High Grade Fugal) bekerja diskontinyu

Diketahui waktu cycle HGF = 20 - 60 menit
Diambil waktu cycle = 15 menit
Waktu cycle per jam (N) = 60

15
= 4
Kapasitas basket = Vp x N
= 1540.4457 L
C-154
Banyak basket yang dibutuhkan = 1455.752788
1540.4456973
= 0.945 1 buah
Power yang dibutuhkan :

Pr = D4Hn2
(1+4n)
370
Pr = 0.0589 kW
= 0.0789 HP 1 HP = 1.1765 kW
40. PKO STORAGE (F-330)

Fungsi = Untuk menampung hasil PKO
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 99.132 856.1
Air 0.8678 965.34

= 857.048 kg/m3
= 53.504 lb/ft3

857.048 kg/m3
= 1.3756 m3
= 48.5762 ft3

80%
= 60.7203 ft3

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
60.72 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.1694 ID3
ID = 3.559 ft
= 1.0848 m
= 42.709 in
C-155

V isian
OD
ID koreksi
Ls koreksi
ts
r
tha
= 1/4LlsID2 +
48.5762 = 9.9434 Lls +
Lls = 4.5013 ft

Bahan konstruksi
Allowable pressure (F) =
Tekanan operasi
Faktor keamanan
Tekanan desain
ts =
=
= 48
Pi x ID
ID
= OD -
= 48 -
= 0.1875
= 48
=
+
= 42.708909 +
= 43.0839 in
= 47.625 in
=
=
=
Efisiensi sambungan (E) =

Corrosion allowance (C) =
Tekanan hidrostatis =
=
=
=
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
2214.7891
29937.7707
= 0.1365 in
+ C
+
2ts
0.375
0.0847
3.8184
41.4862
25%
51.8578
0.0625
71.4375 in

OD in
in
in
0.885 x P x r
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
2202.9184
29989.6284
0.1360 in
2ts
0.375
1.5 x ID koreksi
+
+
C
0.0625
C-156
ID3
Plate Steels SA-240 Grade S type 304

18750
0.8
0.0625
26.7902
psia
psia
psia
psia
=
0.1875
48
in
in

r = 48 in
icr = 3 in

a = x ID = 23.8125 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 20.8125 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2) = 8.1021 in
OA = t + b + sf = 10.5396 in

= 92.5168 in
= 2.3499 m
Perencanaan Coil Pemanas di PKO Storage
Steam


= 3559.2 kg/hari
a. Neraca Panas
Neraca Panas = 1029113 Kkal/jam x( 1 Btu / 0.2522 Kkal)
= 4081191 Btu/jam
b. LMTD
t LMTD = (t1 - t2)
C-157
ln (t1 - t2)
= 150.3 - 81
ln 150.3 / 81
= 112.10252 F
Tc = 122 + 131 = 126.5 F
2
tc = 272.3 + 212 = 242.15 F

2

(Kern, hal.843)
ID = 0.62 in = 0.05166667 ft = 0.0157 m
a'' = 0.302 ft2/1in ft

NRe = ( x D x v)

= ( 857.0 x 0.0157 x 3.05 )
0.00081
= 50821.355


= 50821.355
2. JH = 800 (Fig. 20.2)
1/3 0,14
dengan:
Tc = 126.5 F
cp = 3.9 btu/lbF
= 0.81 cp = 1.96 lb/ft.h
Uc = hi x hoi
hi + hoi
C-158
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200.00
0.005
UD = Uc x hd
Uc + hd
= 160741.88
1003.709
= 160.148 Btu/ft2.hr.F

A = Q
Ud x t LMTD
= 227.33
L = A/a''
= 752.7 ft
Diambil dc = 8 ft
nc = L
xdc
= 29.966
= 30 lilitan
41. CO2 STORAGE TANK (F-340)

Fungsi = Menyimpan feedstock gas karbondioksida untuk digunakan dalam
SCFE sebagai bahan baku dalam proses ekstraksi ampas
Tipe = Elliptical tank
Dasar Perancangan:
Tekanan = 60 bar
= 870 psi
Suhu = 5 C
= 278.15 K
Rate CO2 = 2515.82 kg/jam
Lama penyimpanan = 12 jam
Kapasitas CO2 storage = 2515.82 kg/jam x 12 jam
= 30189.854 kg
Perhitungan:
Densitas CO2 = 500 kg/m3 = 31.2 lb/ft3
(Aspen Hysys)
Menghitung volume storage
Volume storage = Kapasitas 30189.854 kg
=
500 kg/m3
C-159
= 60.38 m3 = 2132 ft3
Direncanakan dibagi menjadi 3 buah tangki sehingga

Volume isian = 60.38
3
= 20.13 m3
Bahan akan mengisi tangki sebesar 80% dari volume total, maka:
Volume total tangki = 100 x 20.13
80
= 25.16 m3
Menentukan diameter tangki
Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup atas dan bawah = Elliptical dished head

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000152 ID3
25.16 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000152 ID3
ID = 2.7747 ft
= 0.8457 m
= 33.297 in

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + 0.000076 ID3
20.13 = 6.0438 Lls + 0.0016
Lls = 3.3298 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 641.6909 + 0.0625
29976.8740
= 0.0839 in
C-160
OD

ID koreksi
Ls koreksi
OD
ts
r
tha
icr = 3
=
= 48
BC = r - icr
b
ID
in
in
+
= 33.297114 +
= 33.6721 in
= OD -
= 48 -
= 47.625 in
=
=
= 0.1875
= 48
=
2ts
0.375
71.4375 in

in
in
in
Pi x ID x V
1627.2770
29996.1457
= 0.1167 in
2ts
0.375
1.5 x ID koreksi
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
Dari tabel 5.6 diambil tha standar

sf = 1.5 - 2,25 in (diambil sf =
= r - (BC - AB )
OA = t + b + sf
Panjang storage
2
Menentukan tekanan design

2
= 20.8125
= 45
= 8.1021
= 10.5396
+ C
+ 0.0625
= Ls + 2OA
= 92.5168
= 2.3499
2.25 in)

a = x ID
AB = ( x ID) - icr
= 23.8125
in
m
C-161
in
in
in
in
in
=
=
=
0.1875
48
0.1875 in
in
in
r = 48
Tekanan hidrostatik (Ph) = 31.2
x 1.0
144
= 0.22 psi
Tekanan design = P + Ph
= 870 + 0.22
= 870 psi
= 856 psig
Spesifikasi
1 Bentuk bejana = Elliptical tank
2 Tipe = Vertical
3 ID = 47.625 in
4 OD = 48 in
5 Tebal bejana = 0.1875 in
6 Tebal tutup = 0.1875 in
7 Panjang bejana = 92.5168 in
8 Volume bejana = 25.16 m3/tangki
9 Jumlah = 1 buah
42. CHILLER (E-141)

Propane
t1 = -20 C
= -4 F
m CO2 = 2515.82 kg
= 1141.1513 lb T2 = 5
T1 = 10 C = 41 C
= 50 F t2 = -2 C F
= 28.4 F
Cp CO2 masuk = 3.193 kJ/kgC = 0.7599 Btu/ lb F

Cp CO2 keluar = 2.852 kJ/kgC = 0.6788 Btu/ lb F
Cp propane masuk = 1.503 kJ/kgC = 0.3577 Btu/ lb F
Cp propane keluar = 1.573 kJ/kgC = 0.3744 Btu/ lb F
Q = 35880 Btu/hr
massa propane = 3390.6748 lb
TLMTD = -23.4
-0.734
= 31.881 F
R = 0.154 FT = 0.98
C-162
S = 0.6
t = 32.53 F
Suhu kalorik
Tc = 50 + 41 = 45.5 F
2
tc = -4 + 28.4 = 12.2 F
2
Asumsi : Ud = 40
Ao = 35880
2312.1325
= 15.52 ft2

Panjang = 8
OD = 0.75 in
BWG = 16

ID = 0.1623
b. Nt = Ao/(Lx a''t) = 15.52 / ( 8 x 0.1963 )

= 9.8816491
IDs = 8.00 in (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
c). Koreksi Ud
A = Nt x a''t x L
A = 20 x 0.1963 x 8
A = 31.408 ft 2
Ud = Q / (A x t)
Ud = 35880 / ( 31.408 x 32.5 )
Ud = 35.116 Btu/h ft2 oF

Bagian shell
C-163
IDs = 8 in
Bagian Tube
a"t = 0.1963 ft2 (luas permukaan panjang) (Appendiks tabel 10, Kern)
Perpindahan panas
Shell Tube
= 8.00 x 8.00 x 0.25 = 20 x 0.302
4 x 1 x 144 144 x 4
= 0.028 ft2 = 0.0105 ft2
6) Gs = M / as 6') Gt = m / at
= 1141.15 / 0.028 = 3390.6748 / 0.0105
= 41081.447 lb/hr.ft2 = 323349.1 lb/hr.ft2
7) Menghitung Nre s 7') Menghitung Nre t

Tc = 45.5 F = 0.006856 cp
= 0.09064 cp Nret = di x Gt / x 2.42
Nre s = de x Gs / m x 2.42 = 0.05 x 323349.1
= 0.0608 x 41081.447 0.0069 x 2.42
0.0196 x 2.42 = 1006922.3
= 52688.51
8) JH = 150 (fig. 28, Kern) 8') JH = 700 (fig. 28, Kern)

k = 0.047 Btu/hr.ft.oF k = 0.008 Btu/hr.ft.oF
cp = 0.76 Btu/ lb F cp = 0.36 Btu/ lb F
9) ho = JH x (k/de) x (cp m/k) = JH x (k/di) x (cp m/k)

1/3 1/3
9') hi
C-164
= 175.91 Btu/hr.ft2.oF = 95.8 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
10') hio = hi x di
do

Uc = ho x hio
ho + hio
= 176 x 79.2
176 + 79.2
= 54.6

Evaluasi P
Shell Tube
1) NRes = 52688.51 1) Nret = 1006922.28
sg = 0.10

= 6.00 = 8.54
IDs = 8 in
= 0.667 ft 3) Pn = 4 x n x v2 x 62.5
s.g = 0.073 sg x 2gc x 144
v x62.5 = 0.0012
2
Ps = f Gs2 IDs (N+1) 2gc x 144 (fig, 27, Kern)

5.22 x 10 x de x Sg x s
10
Pn = 4 x 4 x 0.0012
= 0.04368 psia 0.0980
= 0.1959
Pt = 8.54 + 0.196
= 8.74
DPt < 10 psia (memenuhi)
C-165
43. CO2 PUMP (L-142)
5m
Z
30m
20 m
20 m
Fungsi = Memompa CO2 dari chiller

Tipe = Sentrifugal pump
Kondisi operasi
P masuk = 60 bar = 881.76 lb/in2 = 126973.44 lb/ft2
P keluar = 300 bar = 4408.8 lb/in = 634867.22
lb/ft2
Perhitungan
Rate massa (gf) = 2515.82 kg/jam = 5546.4651 lb/jam
= 1.5407 lbm/s
Rate Volumetrik = 0.0494 ft3/s = 22.152 gal/min
Viscositas = 0.099 Cp = 0.00007 lb/ft s
Densitas = 500 kg/m3 = 31.215 lb/ft3
Rate volumetrik (Q) = gf = 0.0493572 ft3/s

x 3600 s
Asumsi aliran turbulen
Di, optimum = 3.9 x Q0.45 x 0.13
= 1.5752 in (timmerhasuse eq 15&16 496)
Dipakai diameter standard = 1.5 in sch 40 (App. Table 11, Kern hal 844)
ID = 1.610 in
OD = 1.900 in
A = 2.040 in2
v = Q ft2/s (Kecepatan aliran di dalam pipa)
A
= 3.4840 ft/s
NRe = D v r = 219333.851

(Nre > 2100, maka memenuhi aliran turbulen)
C-166
Beda ketinggian, Z = 20 m
= 65.62 ft
Perhitungan friksi
A. Friksi di bagian suction
1) Friksi karena pipa lurus
Panjang pipa lurus bagian suction diperkirakan = 20 m = 65.62 ft
NRe = 219333.85
= 0.000046 m (Commercial Steel, Geankoplis fig. 2.10-3 hal 94)
D = 0.0408941 m
/D = 0.0011249
Dari Geankoplis fig. 2.10-3 diperoleh :

f = 0.0035
Fps = 4f v2 L
2 gc D
= 13.902329 ft lbf/lbm
2) Friksi yang terjadi karena adanya kontraksi

Fc = Kc x v2 (Geankoplis, pers 2.10-16, hal 101)
2 x gc
dimana :
Kc = 0,55 (1-A2/A1) A1 sangat besar jika dibandingkan dengan
Kc = 1 A2 maka, A2/A1 diasumsikan menjadi nol
Fc = 0.104 ft lbf/lbm
Friksi bagian suction :

Fs = Fps + Fc
= 13.902329 + 0.104
= 14.006 ft lbf/lbm
B. Friksi di bagian discharge

1) Friksi karena pipa lurus
Panjang pipa lurus bagian discharge diperkirakan = 55 m = 180.44
NRe = 219333.85
= 0.000046 (Commercial Steel, Geankoplis fig. 2.10-3 hal 94)
D = 0.0408941
/D = 0.0011249
Dari Geankoplis fig. 2.10-3 diperoleh :

f = 0.0035
Fpd = 4f v2 L
2 gc D
C-167
= 38.200536 ft lbf/lbm
2) Friksi karena fitting dan valve

Jenis fitting dan valve Kf Jumlah
Elbow 90o standar 0.75 2
Globe valve (wide open) 6 1
Check valve swing 2 1
hf (elbow) = kf v2 = 0.2827294 ft lbf/lbm

2 gc
hf (globe valve) = kf v2 = 1.1309175 ft lbf/lbm
2 gc
hf (check valve) = kf v2 = 0.3769725 ft lbf/lbm
2 gc
Friksi bagian discharge :

Fd = Fpd + (2 x hf (elbow)) + hf (globe valve) + hf (check valve)
= 39.991 ft lbf/lbm
Friksi total pompa = Fs + Fd + t Chiller + t heater

= 14.006 + 39.991 + 8.74 + 0.661
= 54.659 ft lbf/lbm
Diambil titik 1 dan 2
z1 = bidang datum = 0
1 = 2 = 31.215 lb/ft3
v1 = 3.484 ft/s
v2 = 3.484 ft/s
g = gc = 32.174 ft/s2
Perhitungan power pompa :

=Mechanical
Rumus (2 z1) / +(
energy 2 ^2
balance : 1 ^2)/(2 )+ (2 1)/+
Ws = 20 ft lbf/lbm
h = 23% (Fig 14.36 peters & timmerhaus)
wp = Ws
h
= 86.957
BHP = Rate Massa x wp
550
= 0.2436
Dari grafik 14.38 timmerhaus didapat eff.motor = 81%
eff.motor = 0.81
C-168
kons.power = BHP = 0.3007 hp
eff.motor
= 0.2242 kW
44. HEATER TO EKSTRAKTOR (E-143)

Steam
t1 = 133.5 C
= 272.3 F
m CO2 = 2515.82 kg
= 1141.1513 lb T2 = 40 C
T1 = 5 C = 104 F
= 41 F t2 = 90 C
= 194 F

Q = 164900 Btu/hr
TLMTD = 15.3
0.095
= 58.983 F
R = 1.2429 FT = 0.98
S = 0.2724
t = 57.80 F
Suhu kalorik
Tc = 272.3 + 194 = 233.15 F
2
tc = 41 + 104 = 72.5 F
2
Asumsi : Ud = 100
Ao = 164900
5780.3313
= 28.53 ft2
C-169
Panjang = 8
OD = 0.75 in
BWG = 16

ID = 0.1623
b. Nt = Ao/(Lx a''t) = 28.53 / ( 8 x 0.1963 )

= 18.16593
c). Koreksi Ud
A = Nt x a''t x L
A = 20 x 0.1963 x 8
A = 31.408 ft 2
Ud = Q / (A x t)
Ud = 164900 / ( 31.408 x 57.8 )
Ud = 90.83 Btu/J ft2 oF
Bagian shell
IDs = 8
Bagian Tube
Pt = 1.00 in (jarak antar sumbu tube)
a't = 0.302 in (luas penampang aliran)
2
(Appendiks tabel 10, Kern)
C-170
Perpindahan panas
Shell Tube
= 8.00 x 8.00 x 0.25 = 20 x 0.302
6 x 1 x 144 144 x 6
= 0.019 ft2 = 0.007 ft2
6) Gs = M / as 6') Gt = m / at
= 1141.15 / 0.019 = 23087.7 lb/hr.ft2
= 61622.17 lb/hr.ft2

Tc = 233.2 F = 0.0133 cp
= 0.1081 cp k 0.1571 Btu/hr.ft.oF
Nre s = de x Gs / m x 2.42 Nret = di x Gt / m 2.42
= 0.061 x 61622.17 = 0.052 x 23087.7
0.108 x 2.42 0.0133 x 2.42
= 14329.71 = 3088
8) JH = 280 (fig. 28, Kern)

k = 0.50450 Btu/hr.ft.oF
9) ho = JH x (k/de) x (cp m/k)

1/3
8') hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Uc = ho x hio
ho + hio
= 119.2 x 1500
119.2 + 1500
= 110.4

Evaluasi P
Shell Tube
1) NRes = 14329.71 1) Nret = 3088.46
C-171
sg = 0.05

N+1 = (12 x l x n' 5.22x1010 x di x sg x t
= 72 = 0.085
IDs = 8 in 3) Pn = 4 x n x v2 x 62.5
= 0.667 ft sg x 2gc x 144
v2x62.5 = 0.001 (fig, 27, Kern)
s.g = 0.073 2gc x 144
Pn = 4 x 6 x 0.0012
Ps f Gs IDs (N+1)
2
0.05
5.22 x 1010 x de x Sg x s = 0.576
= 0.27 psia Pt = 0.085 + 0.576

= 0.661
45. EKSTRAKTOR SCCO2 (D-350)

Fungsi = Mengekstrak CPO yang masih tersisa dalam ampas/ fiber
Kapasitas = 1977 kg
Banyak ekstraktor = 1
Serat = 730.000 kg/m3

volume isian = 1977 kg
730.000 kg/m3
= 2.7086002 m3
= 95.6488 ft3
volume total tangki = 100% x 95.6488

80%
= 119.561 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi ekstraktor

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup = Elipshoidal dished head
C-172
= 1/4LsID2 + 0.000152 ID3
119.561 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.000152 ID3
ID = 4.6651 ft
= 1.4219 m
= 55.981 in

V isian = 1/4LlsID2 + 0.000076 ID3
95.6488 = 17.0838 Lls + 0.00772
Lls = 5.5983 ft

Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 292298.432 + 0.0625
23734.373
= 12.3779 in
didapatkan ts standar = 13 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 55.9813 + 26
= 81.981326
= 82 - 26
= 56 in

= 84 in

Tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk Elipshoidal dishead
OD = 82 in
ts = 13 in
r = 72 in
tha = Pi x ID x v
+ C
C-173
+ C
2 (fE - 0,1 Pi)
tha = 470261.13644 0.0625
+
28955.7288
= 16.303194
didapatkan tha standar = 17 in

r = 72 in
icr = 9 in
sf = 1.5 - 4.5 in (diambil sf = 4.5 in) tabel 5.6 brownell

a = x ID = 28 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 19 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2) = 11.933 in
OA = t + b + sf = 16.433 in
Panjang ekstraktor = Ls + 2 OA
= 84 + 32.867
= 116.9 in
= 2.968 m
46. HEATER TO SEPARATOR (E-146)

Steam
T1 = 133.5 C
= 272.3 F
m CO2 = 22.23 kg
= 10.08159 lb t2 = 40 C
t1 = 20 C = 104 F
= 68 F T2 = 90 C
= 194 F
C-174
Q = 446200 Btu/hr
TLMTD = 42.3
0.289
= 146.131 F
R = 2.175 FT = 0.98
S = 0.1762
t = 143.21 F
Suhu kalorik
Tc = 272.3 + 194 = 233.15 F
2
tc = 68 + 104 = 86 F
2
Asumsi : Ud = 5
Ao = 446200
623.14766
= 716.04 ft2

Panjang = 10
OD = 0.75 in
BWG = 16

ID = 0.1623
b. Nt = Ao/(Lx a''t) = 716.04 / ( 10 x 0.1963 )

= 364.76931
IDs = 25.00 in (Appendiks tabel 9, Kern)
c). Koreksi Ud
C-175
A = Nt x a''t x L
A = 370 x 0.1963 x 10
A = 726.310 ft2
Ud = Q / (A x t)
Ud = 446200 / ( 726.310 x 143.2 )
Ud = 4.2898 Btu/J ft F
2 o

Bagian shell
IDs = 25.00
B = 25.00 in (baffle spacing)
Bagian Tube
Pt = 1.00 in (jarak antar sumbu tube)
Perpindahan panas
Shell Tube
= 25.00 x 25.00 x 0.25 = 370 x 0.302
4 x 1 x 144 144 x 4
= 0.271 ft2 = 0.194 ft2
6) Gs = M / as 6') Gt = m / at
= 10.08 / 0.271 = 2250.6 lb/hr.ft2
= 37.165 lb/hr.ft2
7) Mencari Nre s 7') Mencari Nre s

= 0.07071 = 0.0133 cp
Nre s = de x Gs / m x 2.42 Nret = di x Gt / m 2.42
= 0.730 x 37.16 = 0.620 /12 x 2250.6
0.071 x 2.42 0.0133 x 2.42
= 158.55 = 3613
C-176
8) JH = 12 (fig. 28, Kern) 8') hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
k 0.3801
= JH x (k/de) x (cp m/k)
1/3
ho

Uc = ho x hio
ho + hio
= 5.14 x 1500
5.14 + 1500
= 5.12

Evaluasi P
Shell Tube
1) NRes = 158.55 1) Nret = 3612.78
sg = 0.05
= 19 = 0.001
IDs = 25.00 in 3) Pn = 4 x n x v2 x 62.5
= 2.083 ft sg x 2gc x 144
v2x62.5 = 0.001 (fig, 27, Kern)
s.g = 0.073 2gc x 144
Ps = f Gs2 IDs (N+1) Pn = 4 x 4 x 0.001

5.22 x 1010 x de x Sg x s 0.05
= 0.0081 psia = 0.384
Ps < 2 psia (memenuhi) Pt = 0.001 + 0.384
= 0.385
47. SEPARATOR TANK (D-360)

Fungsi = Memisahkan CO2 dari ekstrak
Kapasitas = 140 kg
C-177
Komponen % (kg/m3)
Minyak 4.7645 856.1
CO2 94.722 1.7845
Air 13.637 965.34
campuran = (%m minyak x minyak)+ (%m CO2 x CO2)+ (%m air x air)
= 174.12066 kg/m3
= 10.869973 lb/ft3
174.12066 kg/m3
= 0.805 m3
= 28.430 ft3
volume silinder = 100% x 28.430 ft3
50%
= 56.860 ft3
Perhitungan dimensi separator

Asumsi Ls/D = 1.5
Bentuk tutup = Standar dished head

= 1/4LsID2 + 0.1694 ID3
56.86 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.1694 ID3
ID = 3.482 ft
= 1.0613 m
= 41.784 in

28.4301 = 9.5174 Lls + 3.5757
Lls = 2.6115 ft

C-178
Pi x ID
ts = + C
2 x (fE - 0.6Pi)
= 44222.035 + 0.1
28729.982
= 1.6017295 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 41.783999 + 3.25
= 45.033999
= 48 - 3.25
= 44.75 in

= 67.125 in

OD = 48 in
ts = 1.625 in
r = 48 in
tha = 0.885 x P x r
+ C
2(fE - 0,1Pi)
= 44958.6466 + 0.1
29788.3303
= 1.5718 in

r = 48 in
icr = 3 in
a = x ID = 22.375 in
AB = ( x ID) - icr = 19.375 in
b = r - (BC - AB )
2 2
= 7.3846 in
OA = t + b + sf = 13.5096 in
C-179
Panjang separator = Ls + 2 OA
= 67.13 + 27
= 94.14 in
= 2.391 m
48. COOLER TO CO2 STORAGE (E-148)

Propane
t1 = -20 C
= -4 F
m CO2 = 2515.82 kg
= 1141.1513 lb T2 = 5 C
T1 = 40 C = 41 F
= 104 F t2 = -2 C
= 28.4 F

Cp propane masuk = 2.342 kJ/kgC = 0.5574 Btu/ lb F
Cp propane keluar = 2.487 kJ/kgC = 0.5919 Btu/ lb F
Q = 575300 Btu/hr
massa propane = 15730 lb
TLMTD = 30.6
0.519
= 58.983 F
R = 1.944 FT = 0.98
S = 0.3
t = 57.80 F
Suhu kalorik
Tc = 104 + 41 = 72.5 F
2
tc = -4 + 28 = 12.2 F
2
Asumsi : Ud = 40
Ao = 575300
2312.1325
= 248.82 ft2
C-180
Panjang = 10
OD = 0.75 in
BWG = 16

ID = 0.1623
b. Nt = Ao/(Lx a''t) = 248.82 / ( 10 x 0.1963 )

= 126.75391
c). Koreksi Ud
A = Nt x a''t x L
A = 158 x 0.1963 x 10
A = 310.154 ft 2
Ud = Q / (A x t)
Ud = 575300 / ( 310.154 x 57.8 )
Ud = 32.09 Btu/h ft2 oF

Bagian shell
IDs = 17 in
Bagian Tube
C-181
Perpindahan panas
Shell Tube
= 17.25 x 17.25 x 0.25 = 158 x 0.302
4 x 1 x 144 144 x 4
= 0.129 ft2 = 0.0828 ft2
6) Gs = M / as 6') Gt = m / at
= 1141.15 / 0.129 = 15730 / 0.0828
= 8836 lb/hr.ft2 = 189883.5 lb/hr.ft2

Tc = 72.5 F = 0.1557 cp
= 0.0196 cp Nret = di x Gt / x 2.42
Nre s = de x Gs / m x 2.42 = 0.05 x 189883
= 0.0608 x 8836 0.1557 x 2.42
0.0196 x 2.42 = 26037
= 11332.29
8) JH = 170 (fig. 28, Kern) 8') JH = 400 (fig. 28, Kern)

k = 0.015 Btu/hr.ft.oF k = 0.070 Btu/hr.ft.oF
cp = 0.45 Btu/ lb F cp = 0.56 Btu/ lb F
9) ho = JH x (k/de) x (cp m/k) = JH x (k/di) x (cp m/k)

1/3 1/3
9') hi
= 47.305 Btu/hr.ft2.oF = 781 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
10') hio = hi x di
do

Uc = ho x hio
ho + hio
= 47.30 x 645.6
47.30 + 645.6
= 44.08
C-182
Evaluasi P
Shell Tube
1) NRes = 11332.29 1) Nret = 26037.16
sg = 0.10

= 2.78 = 1.13
IDs = 17.25 in
= 1.438 ft 3) Pn = 4 x n x v2 x 62.5
s.g = 0.073 sg x 2gc x 144
v2x62.5 = 0.0012 (fig, 27, Kern)
Ps = f Gs2 IDs (N+1) 2gc x 144
5.22 x 1010 x de x Sg x s
Pn = 4 x 4 x 0.0012
= 0.00458 psia 0.10
= 0.2021
Pt = 1.13 + 0.202
= 1.33
C-183
C-184
C-185
C-186
C-187
C-188
C-189
C-190
persamaan berikut
C-191
C-192
C-193
C-194
ft
C-195
C-196
C-197
C-198
+ (%m air x air)
C-199
C-200
C-201

Appendiks C

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Appendiks C

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APPENDIKS A

Kapasitas olah = 30000 kg/ jam

A. PROSES PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CPO

Fraksi (%) Massa (kg)

Tandan kosong 39.5 11850

STEAM <2> 16.3 4883.06

EXHAUSE STEAM <3> 8.28 2483.06

TBS MASAK <5>

TANDAN KOSONG (To Boiler) <6> 8295

BUAH SAWIT <7> 21705

BUAH SAWIT <7> 21705

STEAM <8> 6429.51

LUMATAN BUAH SAWIT <9> 28134.51

<9> < 11 >

LUMATAN BUAH SAWIT <9> 28134.51

HASIL PERASAN <10> 23799.39

AMPAS KE DEPERICARPER <11> 4335.12

10 > < 13 >

HASIL PERASAN <10> 23799.39

KE DEPERICARPER <12> 1372.73

KE CST <13> 22426.66

6. CYLINDRICAL SETTLING TANK

CYLINDRICAL SETTLING TANK

KE CST <13> 22426.66

KE OIL PURIFIER <14> 15314.38

KE SLUDGE TANK <15> 7112.27

KE SLUDGE TANK <15> 7112.27

KE OIL PURIFIER <16> 347.56

KE SCREEN 2 <17> 6764.71

KE SCREEN 2 <17> 6764.71

KE WWTP <19> 6342.21

MASUK DEPERICARPER <20> 4253.09

KE CYCLONE <21> 1979.26

10. CYCLONE <23>

KE CYCLONE <21> 1979.26

SERAT KELUAR CYCLONE <23> 1.98

SERAT KE SCFE <24> 1977.28

11. SCFE <26>

SERAT <24> 1977

CO2 <25> 2515.82

SISA <27> (To Boiler) 1837.10

EKSTRAK <26> 2656.00

CO2 <28> 2515.82

EKSTRAK KE OIL PURIFIER <29> 140.18

13. OIL PURIFIER <30>

KE OIL PURIFIER <30> 15802.13

KE WWTP <32> 538.78

14. VACUUM DRYER

CPO KE DRYER <31> 15263.35

AIR <33> 409.79

PRODUK CPO KE STORAGE <34> 14853.56

YIELD MINYAK = 49.02 % 11331.00 89741.52

B. PROSES PENGOLAHAN KERNEL MENJADI CPKO

BIJI MATANG <36> 2273.83

SLURRY TO WWTP <36> 152

CANGKANG <37> 657.16

INTI <38> 1464.92

18. HYDROCYCLONE <39>

CANGKANG <37> 657.16

INTI <38> 1464.92

AIR <39> 1061.04

CANGKANG <41> 1720.40

INTI <40> 1462.72

19. SILO DYER