SOALAN TRIAL NEGERI (KERTAS 2)

SECTION A

6 Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 shows four identical bulbs, W, X, Y and Z connected to a battery.
Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkan empat mentol, W, X, Y dan Z yang serupa di
sambungkan kepada sebiji bateri.
6V 6V

X Y
V W
Z

Diagram 6.1/Rajah 6.1 Diagram 6.2/Rajah 6.2

(a) States Ohm’s Law?
Nyatakan Hukum Ohm?

………………………………………………………………………………………............

………………………………………………………………………………………............
[1 mark/markah]

(b) Observe diagram 6.1 and diagram 6.2. Compare the brightness of the bulb
Perhatikan rajah 6.1 dan rajah 6.2. Bandingkan kecerahan mentol tersebut.
(i) V and W
V dan W

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]

(ii) Y and Z
Y dan Z

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]
 (iii) V and X
V dan X

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]
Four identical resistor, 5 , were connected to 12V battery. Two measuring instruments,
P and Q were connected as shown in Diagram 6.3
Empat perintang yang serupa bernilai 5  disambungkan ke bateri 12 V. Alat
pengukuran P dan Q disambungkan seperti dalam rajah 6.3.

12 V
5 P

5 5

5

Diagram 6.3/Rajah 6.3

(c) (i) Name the suitable instrument for P and Q.
Namakan alat yang sesuai bagi P dan Q

P : ………………………………………………………………………………

Q : ………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks/markah]
 (ii) Calculate the reading of P.
Hitung bacaan alat P.

[2 marks/markah]

8. Diagram 8.1 shows the structure of a hair dryer.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan struktur sebuah pengering rambut.

Heating filament Fan

Filamen pemanas Kipas

Switch B

Suis B

Main switch

Suis utama

Switch A

Suis A

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah 8.1

(a) Name one suitable material to be used as the heating element in the hair dryer.
Namakan satu bahan yang sesuai digunakan sebagai elemen pemanas dalam
pengering rambut.

………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(b) The hair dryer has the specification of 240 V, 1 000 W and is connected to the
240 V power supply.
Pengering rambut itu mempunyai spesifikasi 240 V, 1 000 W dan disambungkan
kepada bekalan kuasa 240 V.

(i) What is the meaning of ‘240 V, 1 000 W’?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ‘240 V, 1 000 W’?

……….……………………………………………………………………

……….……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii) Calculate the current flowing in the main circuit of the hair dryer.
Hitungkan arus yang mengalir dalam litar utama pengering rambut itu.

[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(iii) If two fuses of 5 A and 8 A are available, which one is more suitable to be
used in the hair dryer?
Jika dua fius 5 A dan 8 A boleh diperoleh, yang manakah lebih sesuai
digunakan untuk pengering rambut itu?

……….…………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
 (c) Diagram 8.2 and Diagram 8.3 show two different electric circuits for the fan and
the heating element in the hair dryer.
Rajah 8.2 dan Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan dua litar elektrik untuk kipas dan elemen
pemanas dalam pengering rambut itu.

Power supply Main switch Power supply Main switch

Bekalan kuasa Suis utama Bekalan kuasa Suis utama

Fan / Kipas Fan / Kipas

R

B B
A A

Heating filament Heating filament

Fileman pemanas Fileman pemanas

Diagram 8.2 / Rajah 8.2 Diagram 8.3 / Rajah 8.3

Explain why wet hair dries faster if both the switches A and B are switched on
simultaneously compared to when only switch B is closed.
Terangkan mengapa rambut basah menjadi kering dengan lebih cepat jika kedua-
dua suis A dan suis B dihidupkan serentak berbanding dengan hanya suis B
dihidupkan.

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks] / [3 markah]

(d) (i) What happens to the fan in Diagram 8.2 and Diagram 8.3 when switch B
is off?
Apakah yang berlaku pada kipas dalam Rajah 8.2 dan Rajah 8.3 apabila
suis B dimatikan?
Diagram 8.2 /Rajah 8.2:

…………………………………………………………………….
Diagram 8.3 / Rajah 8.3:

…………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks] / [2 markah]
 (ii) Based your answer in 8(d)(i), suggest the circuit that is more suitable for
the hair dryer. Give one reason for your answer.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 8(d)(i), cadangkan litar yang lebih sesuai
untuk pengering rambut. Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.

Circuit in Diagram : ……….

Litar dalam Rajah : ……….. [1 mark] / [1 markah]

Reason / Sebab

……….……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two electrical circuits.

Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkan dua litar elektrik.

Bulb/ Mentol Bulb/ Mentol

Switch / Suis

Battery / Bateri

Switch / Suis
Battery / Bateri

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

Rajah 6.1 Rajah 6.2

(a)(i) Which diagram shows a parallel circuit ?

Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan litar selari ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1mark/ markah]
 (ii) What will happen to the other bulbs if one bulbs blows ?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada mentol-mentol lain jika satu mentol terbakar ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]
(b) Draw and electrical circuit diagram of the circuit in Diagram 6.2
Lukis rajah litar eletrik untuk litar dalam rajah 6.2

[1 mark/markah]

(c) Diagram 6.3 shows an electrical circuit. Assume that the internal resistance of the
battery is negligible.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sebuah litar elektrik . Anggapkan rintangan dalam bateri
boleh diabaikan.

`
Diagram/Rajah 6.3

(i) Calculate the effective resistance of the circuit ?

Hitungkan rintangan berkesan litar tersebut.

[2 marks/ markah]
(ii) What is the reading of the ammeter ?
Apakah bacaan ammeter ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/ markah]
(iii) Another resistor of 2 Ω is fixed between points P and Q. What happens to the
ammeter reading ?
Sebuah lagi perintang 2 Ω dipasang di antara titik P dan titik Q. Apakah
yang akan berlaku pada bacaan ammeter ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/marlah]
SECTION B

1. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 shows the actual situation of circuits. In both the
diagrams, identical bulbs and batteries are used.
Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan keadaan penyambungan litar yang sebenar. Dalam
kedua-dua rajah, mentol dan bateri yang serupa digunakan.

Diagram 10.1 / Rajah 10.1 Diagram 10.2 / Rajah 10.2

(i) State Ohm’s Law

Nyatakan Hukum Ohm
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Use Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2; compare the arrangement of bulbs in the circuit,
the brightness of the bulbs and the potential difference across each bulb.
Relate the arrangement of bulbs with the brightness of bulbs to make a deduction
regarding the relationship between the arrangement of bulbs in the circuit with the
potential difference across each bulb.
Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan susunan mentol dalam litar, kecerahan
mentol dan beza keupayaan merentasi setiap mentol.
Hubungkait susunan mentol dengan kecerahan mentol untuk membuat kesimpulan tentang
hubungan antara susunan mentol dalam litar dengan beza keupayaan merentasi setiap mentol.
[ 5 marks ]

(iii) A room is going to be fitted with a ceiling fan and a fluorescent lamp which can be
switched on separately. Other electrical devices such as two switches, connecting wire
and two fuse are also required. By drawing a circuit diagram, explain the suitable
arrangement and connection of the devices. Give your reasons.
Sebuah bilik akan dipasang dengan sebuah kipas siling dan sebuah lampu kalimantang yang
boleh dihidupkan secara berasingan. Peranti elektrik yang lain seperti dua buah suis, dawai
penyambung dan dua fius juga diperlukan. Dengan melakarkan gambar rajah litar, terangkan
cara yang sesuai untuk menyusun dan menyambung peranti-peranti tersebut. Berikan sebabnya.
[ 4 marks ]
(iv) Diagram 10.3 shows an ordinary torch light available in the market. Diagram 10.4 shows
the circuit of the torch light.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan sebuah lampu suluh biasa yang ada dalam pasaran. Rajah 10.4
menunjukkan litar lampu suluh tersebut.

Switch / suis
Filament bulb /
Mentol filamen

Dry cell /
sel kering
Diagram 10.3 / Rajah 10.3 Diagram 10.4 / Rajah 10.4

A torch light is necessity to bring along during camping in an equatorial rain forest. You
are required to modify the torch light; in order more dry cells can be installed, produces
more brightness, increase efficiency and its power can withstand for a longer usage.
Suggest and explain base on the following aspect:
Lampu suluh adalah satu keperluan untuk dibawa bersama semasa berkhemah di dalam
kawasan hutan hujan khatulistiwa. Anda diperlukan untuk mengubahsuai lampu suluh itu supaya
boleh menghasilkan cahaya yang lebih terang, kecekapan yang lebih dan boleh tahan lebih lama
penggunaan kuasanya. Cadang dan terangkan berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) the number of the dry cell

bilangan sel kering

(ii) the arrangement of dry cells in the circuit

cara susunan sel kering dalam litar

(iii) the type of energy converter to convert electrical energy to light energy
jenis peranti yang menukar tenaga elektrik ke tenaga cahaya

(iv) the number of energy converter device

bilangan peranti penukar tenaga

(v) the way the energy converter device is connected

cara peranti penukar tenaga itu disambungkan
[ 10 marks ]
SECTION C

1. Diagram 12.1 shows the structure of a hair dryer with two speed control switches.
Diagram 12.2 shows the circuit diagram in which its components are connected in a
combination of series and parallel circuits.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan struktur suatu pengering rambut dengan dua suis kawalan
kelajuan kipas.Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan gambarajah litar pengering rambut yang
mana komponen-komponennya disambung secara gabungan litar-litar sesiri dan
selari.

Heating elemen

Elemen pemanas
Fan / Kipas
Switch B / Suis B
Switch A / Suis A
Main switch /Suis utama
To power supply
Ke bekalan kuasa

Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1

Diagram 12.2

Rajah 12.2
(a). What is effective resistance ?
Apakah rintangan berkesan ?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b). Explain the advantages of parallel circuits in our household electrical appliances.
Terangkan kebaikan-kebaikan litar selari di dalam peralatan-peralatan elektrik
di rumah kita.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(c) (i). Based on Diagram 12.2, what is the purpose of connecting the resistor, R in
series with the fan ?
Berdasarkan Rajah 12.2, apakah tujuan menyambungkan perintang, R secara
bersiri dengan kipas ?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii). Based on Diagram 12.3, what are the readings of effective resistance when
only switch A is closed and when both of switches are closed ?
Berdasarkan Rajah 12.3, apakah bacaan-bacaan bagi rintangan berkesan
apabila suis A sahaja dipasang dan apabila kedua-dua suis dipasang ?

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

RF = 20  R = 10 

Switch B

Suis B

Switch A
RHE = 20 
Suis A

24 V
Diagram 12.3
Rajah 12.
(d). You are assigned to study the characteristics of the heating element that is
most suitable to be used as a component in a hair dryer.
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri elemen pemanas yang paling sesuai
untuk digunakan sebagai satu komponen di dalam pengering rambut.

Melting
Heating Conductivity
point
Element of heat Resistivity Density
Takat
Elemen Kekonduksian Kerintangan Ketumpatan
Lebur
Pemanas haba
(° C)
High Low Very high
P 120
Tinggi Rendah Sangat tinggi
Medium Low Very low
Q 60
Sederhana Rendah Sangat rendah
High High Very low
R 120
Tinggi Tinggi Sangat rendah
Medium High Very high
S 60
Sederhana Tinggi Sangat tinggi

Table 12
Jadual 12

Table 12 shows four heating elements, P, Q, R and S, with different

characteristics.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan empat elemen pemanas P, Q, R dan S, dengan ciri-ciri
yang berbeza.
Explain the suitability of each characteristic and determine the heating element
that is most suitable.. Give reasons for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri itu. Beri sebab-sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]
2. Diagram 12.1 shows two identical bulbs that are connected to a dry cell and an
ammeter. The current flows through the bulbs is measured by the ammeter.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan dua biji mentol yang serupa disambungkan kepada suatu
sel kering dan sebuah ammeter. Arus yang mengalir melalui mentol itu diukur oleh
oleh ammeter itu.

Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1

(a) What is the meaning of current? [1 mark]

Apakah maksud arus? [1 markah]

(b) (i) Name the type of connection of the bulbs. [1 mark]

Namakan jenis sambungan mentol. [1 markah]

(ii) Draw the circuit diagram for Diagram 12.1. [1 mark]

Lukis rajah litar untuk Rajah 12.1 [1 markah]

(iii) Explain what happens to the reading of ammeter when anidentical bulb
is connected parallel to points P and Q? [2 marks]
Terangkan apa berlaku kepada bacaan ammeter itu apabila sebiji
mentol yang serupa disambungkan secara selari pada titik P dan Q.
[2 markah]
(c) Diagram 12.2 shows a three pin plug connected to an electric iron labeled
240 V, 1000W. A fuse is installed in the three pin plug.
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan sebuah palam tiga disambungkan kepada sebuah
seterika elektrik berlabel 240 V, 1000W. Satu fius dipasangkan dalam palam
tiga pin itu.

Diagram 12.2
Rajah 12.2

Table 12 shows the characteristics of metals that could be used as fuse wire.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan ciri-ciri logam yang boleh digunakan sebagai dawai
fius.

Metal Melting point (oC) Ampere value (A) Diameter of wire Resistivity
Logam Takat lebur(oC) Nilai ampere(A) Diameter wayar Kerintangan
High Big Low
P 4.2
Tinggi Besar Rendah
Low Small High
Q 4.0
Rendah Kecil Tinggi
Low Small High
R 4.2
Rendah Kecil Tinggi
High Big Low
S 5.0
Tinggi Besar Rendah

Table 12
Jadual 12
 You are required to determined the most suitable metal that can be used as a
fuse wire as shown in Diagram 12.2.
Anda dikehendaki menentukan logam yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan
sebagai dawai fius seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12.2.

Study the specifications of the four metals based on the following aspects:
Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat logam itu berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Melting point of wire [2 marks]

Takat lebur dawai [2 markah]

(ii) Ampere value of the fuse [2 marks]

Nilai ampere pada fius [2 markah]

(iii) Diameter of wire [2 marks]

Diameter dawai [2 markah]

(iv) Resistivity of wire [2 marks]

Kerintangan dawai [2 markah]

(d) Diagram 12.3 shows an energy saver light bulb labeled 240 V 12 W and it is
connected to the 240 V power supply. The power released by the bulb is 10 W.
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan sebuah mentol jimar tenaga berlabel 240 V 12W dan
disambungkan kepada bekalan kuasa 240 V. Kuasa yang dibebaskan oleh
mentol itu ialah 10 W.

Diagram 12.3
Rajah 12.3
Calculate
Hitung
(i) the current flows through the bulb.
arus yang mengalir melalui mentol.
(ii) the power lost from the bulb.
kuasa yang hilang daripada mentol itu.
(iii) the efficiency of the bulb.
kecekapan mentol itu.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
3 (a) What is the meaning of electric current?
Apakah maksud arus elektrik?
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) Diagram 12.1 shows two light bulbs connected to four dry cells with internal
resistance. When S1 only is switched on, L1 lights up brightly.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan dua buah mentol lampu disambung kepada empat buah sel
kering yang mempunyai rintangan dalam. Apabila S1 sahaja dihidupkan, L1 bernyala
dengan sangat cerah..

L1
S1
On

Hidup
S2
Off
L2
Diagram 12.1 / RajahPadam
12.1

L1
S1
On

Hidup
S2
On
L2
Hidup

Diagram 12.2 / Rajah 12.2

 Diagram 12.2 shows both L1 and L2 light up dimly when S1 and S2 are switched on.
Explain this observation.
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan kedua-dua L1 dan L2 bernyala secara malap apabila S1 dan
S2 dihidupkan.
Jelaskan pemerhatian ini.
[4 marks] / [4 markah]

(c) The living room of a house is to be fitted with three identical lamps.
Table 12 shows the characteristics of four types of lamps, P, Q, R and S and the type
of connection of the lamps.
Bilik tamu di sebuah rumah perlu dilengkapkan dengan tiga buah lampu yang
serupa.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat jenis lampu, P, Q, R dan S serta jenis
sambungan lampu-lampu itu.

Lamp Type of bulb Input power / W Efficiency Type of connection

Lampu Jenis mentol Kuasa input / W Kecekapan Jenis sambungan

Fluorescent Series
P 15 70%
Pendarfluor Siri

Filament Series
Q 40 30%
Filamen Siri

Fluorescent Parallel
R 18 70%
Pendarfluor Selari

Filament Parallel
S 25 50%
Filamen Selari

Table 12 / Jadual 12

You are required to determine the most suitable lamp that can be used to light up the
room brightly at low operating cost.
Anda dikehendaki menentukan lampu yang paling sesuai untuk mencahayakan bilik
tersebut dengan cerahnya dengan kos operasi yang rendah.

Study the properties of all the lamps based on the following aspects:
Kaji ciri-ciri keempat-empat lampu itu berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Type of bulb / Jenis mentol

(ii) Input power / Kuasa input

(iii) Efficiency / Kecekapan

(iv) Type of connection / Jenis sambungan

 Explain the suitability of each characteristic and then determine the most suitable
lamp.
Give the reasons for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan seterusnya tentukan lampu yang paling sesuai.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda. [10 marks] / [10 markah]

(d) Diagram 12.3 shows an electrical circuit. The reading of voltmeter V1 is 2 V.

[Ignore the internal resistance of the cell]
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan suatu litar elektrik. Bacaan voltmeter V1 ialah 2 V.
[Abaikan rintangan dalam sel]

V1

Nichrome wire

Dawai nikrom
6V

5

V2

Diagram 12.3 / Rajah 12.3

(i) State the reading of voltmeter V2.

Nyatakan bacaan voltmeter V2.

(ii) Calculate the current in the circuit.

Hitungkan arus dalam litar itu.

(iii) What is the resistance of the nichrome wire?

Berapakah rintangan bagi dawai nikrom itu?
[5 marks] / [5 markah]
JAWAPAN

SECTION A

Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through an ohmic conductor is 1
6 (a) directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends provided
that its temperature and the other physical conditions remain constant.
(b)(i) Same 1

(ii) 1
Z is brighter than Y
(iii) 1
Same

1
(c)(i) P: Ammeter
1
Q: Voltmeter

(ii) RT = 10x5 + 5
1
10+5

1.44 A 1

8(a) State a suitable material of heating element

- Nichrome 1 1

(b) (i) State the meaning of the specification correctly

- The hair dryer consumes 1000 J of energy in every second when
it is connected to a 240 V supply 1

(ii) Show the correct substitution

P 1000
- I = V = 240 1

Correct answer and unit

- 4.17 A 1

(iii) State the choice correctly

- 5A fuse 1 4

(c) Explain the situation correctly

- When only switch B is closed, cool air is blown towards the wet
hair 1
- When both switches A and B are closed, hot air is blown towards
the wet hair 1
- Rate of evaporation increases 1 3
 (d) (i) State the observations when both switches A and B are off
- Diagram 8.2 : The fan stops 1
- Diagram 8.3: The fan rotates 1

(ii) State the choice correctly

- Diagram 8.3 1
State the reason correctly
- The fan rotates as long as the main switch is on //
To prevent over heating of the hair dryer 1 4
12

a (i) Diagram / Rajah 6.2 1

(ii) Still light up / masih menyala 1
b
1

c (i) 1 1 1 1
= + =
R' 6 6 3
R' = 3  1
6 Effective resistance = 1  + 3 
Rintangan berkesan = 4  1
(ii) V
I =
R
12V
=
4
1
= 3A
(iii) Decrease /berkurang 1 7

SECTION B

10 (a) The current flowing through an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the 1
(i) potential difference across its end, provided that its temperature and the other
physical conditions remain constant.
(ii) Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2
Arrangement of bulbs parallel series 1

The brightness of the bulbs brighter dimmer 1

Potential diff.across each bulb higher lower 1

The bulb lights up brighter when the bulbs were arranged in parallel. 1

Parallel arrangement, potential diff.across each bulb higher. 1

 The potential difference or e.m.f. supplied to the bulb in parallel circuit are the higher 1
/The potential difference or e.m.f. is shared by all the bulbs in series circuit.
(b) Alat / peranti elektrik disusun secara 1

Suis selari ditunjukkan / dinyatakan

AC in Fius Suis, fius dan alat elektrik disusun 1
secara sesiri ditunjukkan / dinyatakan.
Lampu Kipas

Reason:

1. The electric appliances are connected in parallel because, the same voltage 1

from the power supply is supplied to both the appliances.

2. The switch, fuse and electric appliances are connected in series because, the 1
appliance can be switch on and switch off individually.
(c) Modifications Explanations
(i) More higher voltage 1
1
(ii) series higher e.m.f. for dry cells in series 1
1
(iii) LED High efficiency / brighter / less waste of 1
energy / not easily burn out / longer 1
lifetime / not getting hot easily / low cost
(iv) more brighter 1
1
(v) parallel If one of the device burnt, the rest of the 1
device still bright / all the device share the
same e.m.f. / all the devices same 1
brightness / the devices not dimmer
SECTION C

1(a) Total resistance in the circuit 1

(b) If one bulb is blown the other still can be used 1

Lower the total resistance 1

Easy to trace damage circuit 1

Maintain the potential difference same as the supply through the household 1
appliances

(c)(i) Control the speed of the fan 1

(c)(ii) 1/r = 1/20 + 1/(20+10) @ 1/r = 1/20 + 1/30 @ 1/r = 50/60 @ 1

r = 60/50

r = 1.2 Ω
1

1/r = 1/20 + 1/20 @ 1/r = 2/20 @ 1/r = 1/10 1

1
r = 10 Ω

(d) High melting point 1

Can withstand stand high temperatures
1

1
High conductivity of heat
Heat flows easily 1

High resistivity 1
Produces more heat
1

1
Very low density
Not heavy 1

R 1
High melting point, high conductivity of heat, high resistivity and very low
density. 1 20
2 (a) The rate of flow of charge 1

(b) (i) Parallel 1

(ii)

(iii) 1. Increases 1
2. The effective resistance of the circuit decreases. 1

(c)
Characteristics Explanation
Low melting point easy to melts 2
4.2 A little bit higher than the current flow through
the iron ( 1000 / 240 = 4.16 A) 2
Small diameter increase the resistance 2
High resistivity increase the resistance 2
R Low melting point, ampere value is 4.2 A,
Small diameter high resistivity of wire and 2
High resistivity

(d) (i) 12
I =
240 1
= 0.05 A 1

(ii) (12- 10) W // 2 W 1

(iii) Efficiency = 10 x 100 % 1
12
1
= 83.3 %
TOTAL 20 M

3(a) State the meaning correctly 1 1

- Rate of flow of charge

(b) State the explanation correctly

- dry cells have internal resistance 1
 - L1 and L2 are connected in parallel // effective resistance of the
circuit decreases 1
- current supplied by the battery increases // voltage lost in the
battery increases 1
- voltage applied across the bulbs decrease 1 4

(c) State the suitable type of bulb and reason correctly 1+1
1 Fluorescent
2 Lasts longer // uses less energy // lower power // high
efficiency
State the suitable input power and reason correctly 1+1
3 Low
4 Less cost of electricity
State the suitable efficiency and reason correctly 1+1
5 High
6 Less wastage of energy // Saves energy
State the suitable type of connection and reason correctly 1+1
7 Parallel
8 Lamps can be switched on independently // If one lamp blows,
the others can continue to be lighted up
State most suitable choice of radioisotope and justification 1+1 10
correctly
9 R
10 fluorescent bulb, low input power, high efficiency and parallel
connection

(d) (i) State the reading of the voltmeter correctly 1

- 4V

(ii) Correct substitution for V and R 1

4
5
Correct answer with unit 1
0.8 A

(iii) Correct substitution for V and I 1

2
0 .8
Correct answer with unit 1 5
2.5 

20