TUGAS KHUSUS

LABORATORIUM TEKNIK KIMIA I

PROSEDUR-PROSEDUR PADA PEMBUATAN PULP

Disusun oleh :

Septiani Lestari
NIM. 1507113708

Dosen Pengampu :

Ir. Rozanna Sri Irianty, M.Si

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS RIAU

PEKANBARU

2017
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah mencurahkan
segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya serta kesehatan kepada penulis sehingga mampu
menyelesaikan tugas khusus Laboratorium Teknik Kimia I (Fraksionasi Biomassa)
tentang “Mereview Prosedur-Prosedur Pembuatan Pulp” ini tepat pada waktunya.
Penulis Mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dosen Pembimbing Laboratorium
Teknik Kimia I (Fraksionasi Biomassa) serta semua pihak yang telah memberikan
saran dan arahan kepada penulis dalam penyusunan makalah ini.
Makalah ini sangat jauh dari kesempurnaan, mengingat refrensi yang didapat
tidak terlalu banyak dan dikerjakan dalam waktu yang singkat. Oleh karena itu penulis
mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca yang bersifat membangun demi
kesempurnaan makalah ini dimasa mendatang.

Pekanbaru, Desember 2017

Penulis
 DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... iii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 1
1.3 Tujuan Pembahasan ................................................................................... 1

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................................. 2

2.1 Bahan Baku ................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Komponen Kayu ........................................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Selulosa ................................................................................................ 3
2.2.2 Hemiselulosa ........................................................................................ 4
2.2.3 Lignin ................................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 Ekstraktif .............................................................................................. 7
2.2.5 Senyawa Kimia Organik ...................................................................... 8
2.2.6 Holoselulosa ......................................................................................... 8
2.3 Proses Pembuatan Pulp .............................................................................. 8
2.3.1 Proses Mekanis .................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Proses Semi Kimia ............................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Proses Kimia ...................................................................................... 10
2.3.3.1 Proses Soda ........................................................................................ 10
2.3.3.2 Proses Sulfit ....................................................................................... 11
2.3.3.3 Proses Sulfat/Kraft ............................................................................. 11
2.4 Parameter Kualitas Browstock Pulp ........................................................ 14
2.4.1 Rendemen (Yield) ............................................................................... 14
2.4.2 Bilangan Kappa .................................................................................. 14
2.4.3 Viskositas Pulp (Viscosity) ................................................................. 15
2.4.4 Derajat Keputihan (Brightness) .......................................................... 16
2.4.5 Faktor – H .......................................................................................... 17
2.4.6 Soda Loss ........................................................................................... 17

BAB III DESKRIPSI PROSES ............................................................................ 18

3.1 Wood Chips Preparation .......................................................................... 18
3.2 Proses Pembuatan Pulp (PM#9) ............................................................... 19
3.2.1 Compact Cooking TM G2 .................................................................. 19
3.2.2 Proses Pembuatan Pulp ...................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Penyaringan Pulp (Screening) ............................................................ 27
3.2.4 MCO2 (Oxygen Deligfinication) ........................................................ 30
3.2.5 Proses Pemutihan Pulp (Bleaching) ................................................... 31
3.2.6 Proses Pembuatan Lembaran Pulp ............................................... 33
3.2.6.1 Pulp Machine (MC) ..................................................................... 33
 3.2.6.2 Sekilas Lab 1300 .......................................................................... 36
3.2.7 Paper Making (PPM) ................................................................... 37
3.2.8 Daur Ulang Bahan Kimia ............................................................. 40

BAB IV PENUTUP ............................................................................................. 43

4.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 43
4.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 43

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 44

 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Struktur Monomer Selulosa ............................................................... 4
Gambar 2.2 Struktur Monomer Hemiselulosa ....................................................... 5
Gambar 2.3 Struktur Monomer Lignin .................................................................. 6
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Proses Penyiapan Bahan Baku Chip Kayu ................ 19
Gambar 3.2 Skema proses cooking di digester continuous ................................. 24
Gambar 3.3 Dillution factor pada aliran counter current .................................... 25
Gambar 3.4 Centri Cleaner .................................................................................. 28
Gambar 3.5 Fine Screening .................................................................................. 29
Gambar 3.6 Skema Oxigen Delignification ......................................................... 30
 GAMBAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Karakteristik Serat Kayu dari Kayu Lunak dan Kayu Keras ................. 2
Tabel 2.2 Perbedaan Sifat Kimia Fisika Komponen Kayu .................................... 7
Tabel 2.3 Komposisi Kimia Kayu .......................................................................... 7
Tabel 3.1 Kapasitas Produksi MC ........................................................................ 34