7th Tips Physics SPM Success Modul Teknik Menjawab Kertas 2 Dan 3

2011
NAME:................................................................ CLASS:.........................
MODUL TEMBAK 32
@Version 4
Modul ini mengandungi 2 bahagian

iaitu kertas 2 dan kertas 3. Diharapkan
selepas menggunakan modul ini dengan
bimbingan guru, pelajar-pelajar akan
dapat mengusai teknik menjawab
soalan SPM FIZIK (4531).
Berusaha la dengan gigih bagi
memastikan A+
Dalam Genggaman.
“Pecahkanlah Kepompong Jadilah
Mohd Ahir Bin Samsuri
Kepupu,
Mazlena Bt Murshed
Pecahkanlah Ruyung Nikmatilah Guru Cemerlang Fizik
Sagu” SM Sains Kota Tinggi
18 JUL 2011
(019-7356656)
http://fizsakti.blogspot.com
1|M o d u l Te m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
OBJEKTIF MODUL INI
 Understand construct
(Memahami konstruk))
 To know the questions with their construct
(Mengenali soalan dengan konstruknya)
 To explore sample question based on the construct
(Meneroka contoh soalan berdasarkan konstruknya).
 Understand the method of answering the question.
(Memahami kaedah menjawab)
 Error done by the candidates
(Kesilapan calon)
What is construct? (Apakah Konstruk?)

Anything that is tested or assess. ( Perkara-perkara yang ditaksir atau diuji)
Type Of Construct
BIL CONSTRUCT SCOPE CONSTRUCT
1 Knowledge(Pengetahuan) Facts, Concept, Principle, Theory, Law
Translation, Interpretation, Extrapolation

2 Understanding (Pemahaman)
Concept & Principle
Application Of knowledge
3 Qualitative & Quantitative
(Aplikasi Pengetahuan)
Problem Solving By using qualitative and quantitative

4
(Penyelesaian Masalah) Scientific Investigation (Penyiasatan Saintifik)
Conceptualized Based on common characteristics (Ciri Sepunya)

5
(Mengkonsepsi) Relation of variables (Hubungan Pemboleh ubah)
Decision Making) Based on specific criteria

6
(Membuat keputusan) (Berdasarkan kriteria tertentu)
Physics Examination Format
ITEM KERTAS 1 KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3
Type of Instrumen Objectives SUBJECTIVE Written experiment

SECTION A STRUCTURE
SUBJECTIVE &
Type of item Multiple choice SECTION B ESSAY
ESSAY
SECTION C ESSAY
3 Options (6 Items)
No.Of Option 4 Options (36 Items)
5 Options (8 Items)
SECTION A 8 QUESTION SECTION A: 2 Q
SECTION B 2 QUESTION (Compulsory)
No.of question 50 Question (CHOOSE 1 ONLY) SECTION B: 2 Q
SECTION C 2 QUESTION (Choose 1)
(CHOOSE 1 ONLY)
Total Marks 50 Marks 100 MARKS 40 MARKS
Time Of
1 Hour 15 Minutes 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES 1 HR 30 MINUTES
Examination
KNOWLEDGE 11%
Knowledge 28% UNDERSTANDING 16 %
Understanding 40 % APPLICATION 18% PROBLEM SOLVING
Construct
Application 32% PROBLEM SOLVING 22% (EXPERIMENTING)
CONCEPTUALIZE 16%
DECISION MAKING 17%
ANALITIC &
Marking Dicotomus 1 or 0 ANALITIC (Point)
HOLISTIC
Context area
ALL TOPICS ARE TESTED
(Cakupan konteks)
LOW 60% (30 Q) LOW 38% LOW 50%
LEVEL OF
MEDIUM 24% (12 Q) MEDIUM 35% MEDIUM 30%
DIFFICULTY
HIGH 16% (8 Q) HIGH 27% HIGH 20%
Q 1 : Knowledge, understanding Q1 (16 m)
& application (4m) Q2 (12 m)
Q 2 : Knowledge, understanding Q3 (12 m)
& application(5m)
Q 3 : Knowledge, understanding
& application (6m)
Q 4 : Knowledge, understanding
& application (7m)
Q 5 : KUA and Conceptualize
(8m)
Q 6 : KUA and Conceptualize
(8m)
Q 7 : KUA and Problem Solving
(10m)
Q 8 : KUA and Decision Making
(12m)
TARGET 2011
BIL TOPIC (TINGKATAN 4) RATING CATATAN

1 1.2 Measurement XX MSG/VC
2 2.1 Linear Motion X
3 2.2 Inertia X
4 2.3 Momentum X
5 2.4 The Effect of a Force XX
6 2.5 Impuls/Impulsive Force X
7 2.6 Gravity X
8 3.1 Pressure X
9 3.3 Gas and Atmospheric Pressure XXX
10 3.6 Bernoulli Principle XX
11 4.3 Specific Latent Heat X
12 4.4 The Gas Laws XXX

13 5.3 Total Internal Reflection X
14 5.4 Lenses XX
BIL TOPIC (TINGKATAN 5) RATING CATATAN
15 1.2 Refraction of waves X
16 1.3 Difraction of waves X
17 1.7 Electromagnetic waves XX
18 2.4 EMF and Internal Resistance X
19 2.5 Electrical energy and power X
20 3.3 Electromagnetic induction XXX
21 3.4 DC and AC X
22 3.5 Transformers XX
23 4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope X
24 4.3 Transistors XXX
25 5.2 Radioisotopes X
26 5.4 Nuclear energy XX
KERTAS DUA-SOALAN ESEI
A. SOALAN BAHAGIAN B.
Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian B adalah seperti di bawah:
QUESTION NO. ELEMENT/CONSTRUCT MARKS
9 KNOWLEDGE ( pengetahuan) 1
CONCEPTUALISE (mengkonsepsi) 5
10 UNDERSTANDING (kefahaman) 4
PROBLEM SOLVING (penyelesaian masalah 10
qualitative)
KNOWLEDGE
1. Menyatakan definasi dengan ayat penuh dan beserta syaratnya sekali
2. Menulis formula dengan simbol dan menyatakan maksud setiap simbol.
Contoh Soalan
i) What is meant by spring constant? [1 mark]
Contoh Jawapan:
Force perunit of extension of the spring OR
k = F/x, where k=spring constant, F = force, x = extension of the spring
LATIHAN [KNOWLEDGE]
1. What is meant by elasticity?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kekenyalan? [1 mark]
2. What is meant by electromagnet?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet? [1 mark]
3. What is meant by refraction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan? [1 mark]
4. What is meant by thermal equilibrium?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma? [1 mark]
5. State one factor that affect the pressure in liquid.

Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan dalam cecair. [1 mark]
CONCEPTUALISE (MENKONSEPSI)
1. Membuat & menyatakan pemerhatian – Kemahiran Memerhati & Berfikir secara Kritis.
2. Membuat perbandingan iaitu menyatakan persamaan atau perbezaan
3. Menyatakan hubungan daripada persamaan/perbezaan atau menyatakan prinsip/
hukum Fizik yang terlibat.
4. Markahnya 5, justeru perlu beri isi sekurang-kurangnya 5 isi.
5. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk ‘point form’
Contoh Soalan
DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two springs M and N. Both springs are of the same material and
same wire thickness but have different spring constant.
Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the mass loaded by the spring, the diameter of the
spring and the extension of the spring.Relate the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring
with the spring constant.
[5 marks]
Contoh Jawapan:
- mass in diagram 9.1 is equal to the mass in diagram 9.2
- diameter of the spring in diagram 9.1 is smaller compare to the diagram 9.2
- extension of the spring in diagram 9.1 is shorter compare to the diagram 9.2
- the bigger the diameter of the spring the lower the value of spring constant
- the higher the value of spring constant the shorter the extension of the spring
LATIHAN [CONCEPTUALISE]
1.
Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2
(i) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 compare the current flow, the amount of iron
filing and the magnetic field strength of the two electrodes. Relate the current flow and amount
of iron filing attracted by the electromagnet and the magnetic field strength.
Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 bandingkan pengaliran arus, kuantiti serbuk besi
dan kekuatan medan magnet kedua-dua elektrod. Hubungkait pengaliran arus dengan
kuantiti serbuk besi yang tertarik kepada elektromagnet dan kekuatan medan magnet.
[ 5 marks ]
2.
n = 1.2 n = 1.8
Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the refractive index, the refracted angle and the
density between medium A and medium B.
Relate the refractive index with the refracted angle and the refractive index with the ratio of sin of
incident angle, i to the sin of the refracted angle, r to deduce a physics law that is involved.
Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan indeks biasan, sudut biasan dan ketumpatan
medium A dan medium B.
Hubungkaitkan indeks biasan dengan sudut biasan dan indeks biasan dengan nisbah sinus sudut
tuju,i kepada sinus sudut biasan,r bagi menghasilkan hukum fizik yang terlibat.
[5 marks]
3.
(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 , compare the connection of diode to the dry cell, the lighting of
bulbs and the reading of ammeter. Relate the lighting of bulbs with the connection of diode to the dry cell to
make a deduction regarding the relation between the current flowing in the circuits and the connection of
diode to the dry cell..
Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan sambungan diod kepada sel kering, nyalaan mentol
dan bacaan ammeter. Hubungkaitkan nyalaan mentol dengan sambungan diod kepada sel kering untuk
membuat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara arus yang mengalir di dalam litar -litar itu dengan
sambungan diod kepada sel kering.
[5 marks]
UNDERSTANDING (concept explanation)
1. Kenalpasti konsep
2. Terangkan perkara sebelum sesuatu konsep berlaku
3. Terangkan konsep dan kaitannya
4. Terangkan perkara selepas konsep
5. Markahnya 4, justeru perlu beri sekurang-kurangnya 4 isi.
[kalau boleh beri 6 isi]
6. Jawapan ditulis dalam bentuk ‘point form’
Contoh Soalan
The springs in Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 (page 6) will return to its original length when the load is removed.
Explain how the forces between molecules cause the elasticity.
[ 4 marks]
Contoh Jawapan:
- the forces between molecule are attractive and repulsive force
- when the spring is stretched attractive force between molecule acts
- when the spring is compress the repulsive force between molecule acts
- when the forces is released, the spring return to its original position due to the force
LATIHAN [UNDERSTANDING]
1. Explain why a softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball.
Terangkan kenapa pemain softball mengerakkan tangan kebelakang sewaktu menangkap bola softball
yang bergerak laju. [ 4 marks ]
2. Explain how the generator works to produce alternating current.

Terangkan bagaimana penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus ulang alik. [ 4 marks ]
3. Explain why the roof of a house being lifted by strong winds.

Terangkan mengapa bumbung sebuah rumah terangkat oleh angin yang kencang(ribut). [ 4 marks ]
PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)-Modification
1. Mengenalpasti Masalah
2. Menganalisis Masalah – Kemahiran M/analisis
3. Mencari kaedah penyelesaian masalah
4. Mencadangkan kaedah Penyelesaian
5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual
6. Kalau 10 markah, perlu nyatakan 5 aspek dan penerangannya. Penerangan atau alasan yang
dibuat mestilah berkaitan dengan konsep fizik.
[boleh bagi lebih dari 5 aspek. Bagi setiap aspek boleh bagi lebih dari satu alasan. JANGAN
BERBEZA FAKTA]
7. Jika soalan memerlukan lukisan, pastikan lukisan dilabelkan atau ditulis apa perkara yang
berlaku.
Contoh Soalan
spring in suspension
system
DIAGRAM 9.3
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring of the suspension system in an ordinary motorcycle.
(i) State two functions of the spring in the suspension system ?
[2 marks]
(ii) Using the suitable physics concepts, you are required to give some
suggestions on designing a racing motorcycle of 500cc. Explain your suggestions based on
the following aspects ;
- density of motorcycle parts

- engine power
- spring in suspension system
- size of tyre
[ 8 marks]
Contoh Jawapan
(i) – to absob the shock

– to make the rider feel more comfotable
– to reduce vibration
(ii)
Aspect Explanation
Low density of motorcycle part Lighter

-To produce high ecceleration
High engine power
-High resultant force
-The spring more stiffer
High spring constant
-Less vibration
-increase stability
10 | M o d uWide
l T etyre
mbak 32 - SAKTI - reduce pressure
LATIHAN [ PROBLEM SOLVING (Qualitative)]
1.
You are required to give some suggestions to design a hang glider for recreation. Using an appropriate
physics concept on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain your suggestions based on the following
aspects :
Anda dikehendaki member cadangan untuk mereka bentuk glider untuk tujuan rekreasi. Menggunakan konsep
fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan
keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :
 Size of the sail.
Saiz layer digunakan.
 Supporting cable.
Kabel penyokong.
 Material use for the sail.
Bahan yang digunakan untuk layer.
 Assembly and transportation.
Pemasangan dan pengangkutan.
 Materials use for structure like masterframe and safely bar.
Bahan untuk struktur seperti rangka utama den 'safety bar, [10 marks]
11 | M o d u l T e m b a k 3 2 - S A K T I
2.A car needs an efficient hydraulic brake system for safety purposes. Suggest and explain how to build a
hydraulic brake system which can function effectively, based on the following aspect:
Sebuah kereta memerlukan sistem brek hidrolik yang cekap bagi memastikan keselamatan di tahap yang
tinggi. Cadangkan dan jelaskan bagaimana untuk membina sistem hidrolik yang dapat berfungsi dengan
cekap berdasarkan aspect berikut:
-The type and characteristic of the brake fluid
Jenis dan sifat bendalir brek
-The size of the master piston and slave piston
Saiz omboh utama dan saiz omboh kedua
-The material used for the fluid transmision pipe
Bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantaran cecair (10 marks)
3.An earth-monitoring satellite falls into the earth’s atmosphere at a high velocity and reaches a high
temperature. This is caused by the earth’s gravitational force and air resistance.
Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to protect the satellite
and its equipment:
Satelit pengawasan bumi telah jatuh ke dalam atmosfera bumi dengan halaju yang tinggi dan mencapai suhu
yang sangat tinggi. Perkara ini adalah disebabkan oleh tarikan daya graviti dan rintangan angin.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubahsuaian atau care yang boleh dilakukan untuk
meningkatkan keberkesanannya berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut :
(i) from extreme heat ;
daripada haba yang tinggi
(ii) from breaking up on landing
daripada pecah sewaktu mendarat [ 10 marks]
B.
QUESTION NO. ELEMENT MARKS
KNOWLEDGE 1
11 UNDERSTANDING 4
12 APPLICATION 5
DECISION MAKING 10
SOALAN BAHAGIAN C.
Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian C adalah seperti di bawah:
KNOWLEDGE
Sama seperti dalam Section B
UNDERSTANDING
Sama seperti dalam Section B
APPLICATION (quantitaive)
- Menulis maklumat dlm btk simbol + unit S.I/gariskan…

- Memilih dan menulis rumus
- Membuat gantian dlm. rumus
- Jawapan akhir + unit betul
Contoh Soalan
Sebuah kuali elektrik mempunyai spesifikasi 240 V, 1000 W. Hitungkan masa yang digunakan oleh kuali itu
untuk memanaskan 1000 cm3 minyak masak dari suhu 30 oC sehingga minyak itu mencapai suhu 120 oC.
Anggapkan semua tenaga elektrik digunakan untuk menaikkan suhu minyak sahaja dan tiada haba hilang ke
persekitaran.
[Muatan haba tentu minyak ialah 2000 J kg–1 oC–1, ketumpatan minyak masak ialah 800 kg m-3]
[5 markah]
Contoh Jawapan
1 Menukar unit bagi V dengan betul
1000 x 10-6 m3
2 Menghitung jisim, m, dengan betul

m =xV
= 800 x 1000 x10-6
= 8 x 10-1 kg
3 Menyatakan hubungan haba yang dibekalkan oleh pemanas dengan haba yang diterima oleh
minyak
Haba dibekal oleh pemanas = Haba diterima oleh minyak / pt = mcθ
4 Gantian dalam rumus yang betul

1000(t) = (8 x10-1)x 2000 x 90
5 Jawapan dengan unit yang betul

t = 144 s
LATIHAN [APPLICATION (quantitaive)]
1. Diagram 12.3 shows a manometer with arms of different

cross section. Liquid Y of density 1200 kg m-3 is poured into
the manometer. The level of liquid Y is found to be the same
at both arms of the manometer.
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan sebuah manometer dengan lengan
yang berbeza keratan rentasnya. Cecair Y dengan ketumpatan
1 200 kgm-3 diisi ke dalam manometer. Paras cecair Y
didapati sama pada kedua-dua lengan manometer.
DIAGRAM 12.3 DIAGRAM 12.4
i. Explain why the level of liquid Y in both arms of the manometer are equal.
Terangkan mengapa paras cecair Y pada kedua-dua lengan manometer adalah sama. [2 marks]
ii. Diagram 12.4 shows the condition of liquids when another immiscible liquid, X, is poured into
the right arm of the manometer. Calculate the density of liquid X.
Rajah 12.4 menunjukkan keadaan cecair apabila sejenis cecair yang tak bercampur, X, dituang
ke dalam lengan kanan manometer tersebut. Hitung ketumpatan cecair X. [3
marks]
2. Diagram belows a circuit containing a transformer ammeter and two bulbs. The reading of the ammeter is
0.5 A and the two bulb lights up with normal brightness.
Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan litar yang mengandungi transformer, ammeter dan 2 mentol. Bacaan
ammeter adalah 0.5 A dan dua mentol tersebut menyala dengan kecerahan yang normal.
(i) What is the output voltage of the transformer?

Apakah voltage aoutput transformer?
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.
Kira kecekapan transformer tersebut? [5m]
DECISION MAKING
1. Mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang diberikan.

2. Menerangkan sifat setiap ciri yang dipilih dan sebab dipilih.
3. Menentukan bahan yang paling sesuai berdasarkan ciri yang dinyatakan menggunakan
kaedah ranking ..
4. Memberi sebab mengapa bahan itu dipilih.
5. Menulis jawapan dalam bentuk jadual.
Contoh Soalan
Diagram 11.2 shows an ice cream container used by an ice cream seller using his motorcycle.
Diagram 11.2
Table 11.3 shows the specification of four types of ice cream containers P, Q, R and S, that can be
used by an ice cream seller to carry ice cream.
Box
P Q R S
Kotak
Specific heat capacity of ice cream
High High Low Low
box
Size of ice cream box Large Small Small Large
Material of outer box Copper PVC plastic PVC plastic Aluminium
Colour of outer box Dark Bright Bright Dark
Table 11.3
You are required to determine the most suitable ice cream container to carry ice cream. Study the
specification of the four types of ice cream container based on the following aspects:
- Specific heat capacity of ice cream box
- Size of ice cream box
- Material of outer box
- Colour of outer box
Explain the suitability of the aspects
Contoh Jawapan
Aspect Reason
Low specific heat capacity of ice Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly
cream box
Smaller size of ice cream box Easier to carry // easy too become cool
Plastic PVC Poor conductor of heat
Bright colour of outer box Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly
R is chosen because Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box,
Smaller size of ice cream box, Plastic PVC, Bright
colour of outer box
LATIHAN [DECISION MAKING]
1.Table 12 shows the specifications of four water storage tanks, P, Q, R and S, that can be used to store
water in a housing estate.
Jadual 12 menunjukkan speksifikasi empat tangki penyimpan air, P, Q, R dan S, yang digunakan
untuk menyimpan air untuk sebuah rumah dalam suatu kawasan perumahan.
Water storage tank

P Q R S
Tangki penyimpan air
Material used
metal concrete concrete metal
Bahan yang
logam konkrit konkrit logam
digunakan
Density low high low low
Ketumpatan rendah tinggi rendah rendah
Shape
Bentuk
Height from the

low high high low
ground
rendah tinggi tinggi rendah
Tinggi daripada bumi
TABLE 12
You are required to determine the most suitable water storage tank. Study the specifications of all the
four water storage tanks based on the following aspects :
Anda diminta untuk mengenal pasti tangki penyimpan air yang paling sesuai. Kaji spesifikasi keempat-
empat tangki penyimpan air itu berdasarkan aspek :
- The material used. Bahan yang digunakan
- The density of the tank. Ketumpatan tangki
- The shape of the tank. Bentuk tangki
- The height of the tank from the ground. Ketinggian tangki daripada bumi
Explain the suitability of the aspects.
Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek tersebut.
[10 marks]
2.As a researcher you are assign to investigate the properties of the metal in the table to be used as the
material to make a quality frying pan.
Sebagai seorang penyelidik anda ditugaskan untuk menyelidik sifat bahan yang digunakan untuk membina
kuali yang berkualiti.
Specific heat
Melting Rate of
Metal/Baha capacity /muatan Density/ketumpatan
point /takat lebur Rusting/ kadar
n haba tentu o kg m-3
–1 o –1 C pengaratan
J kg C
P 450 1540 7873 High
R 880 660 2698 High
S 510 1620 7800 Do not Rust
T 398 961 10500 Medium
U 377 978 8400 Do not rust
For every metal properties in the table above, explain the suitability of the properties tobe used as a material to
make a frying pan. Hence determine the most suitable metal to make the frying pan. Give the justification for
your choice.
Bagi setiap sifat bahan di atas jelaskan kesesuaian bahan yang akan digunakan untuk membina kuali.
Seterusnya memilih bahan yang paling sesuai. Berikan justifikasi di atas pilihan tersebut.
[10 marks]
3. You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material and the design of a car engine radiator as in
Diagram 11.2
Anda dikhendaki menyiasat cirri-ciri bahan dan rekabentuk radiator enjin kereta yang akan digunakan.
Explain the suitability of each features in Diagram 11.2 and then determine the most suitable car engine
radiator to be used.Give a reason for your choice.
Jelaskan kesesuaian cirri-ciri yang dipilih dan kemudian memilih radiator kereta yang paling sesuai.
Berikan alasan di atas setiap pilihan anda tersebut. [10 marks]
SOALAN STRUKTUR.
5/6 - MENGKONSEPSI
7 - MODIFICATION
8 - MAKING DECISION
CARA MENJAWAB SAMA SEPERTI SOALAN ESEI - CUMA LEBIH PENDEK DAN MUDAH
Contoh Soalan Menkonsepsi - Terengganu 2010
Diagram 5.1 shows a water jet spurts out from a hole in a tall vessel at a distance , d1.
Diagram 5.2 shows an oil jet spurts out from a hole at the same depth in a tall vessel at a distance , d2.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan suatu pancutan air keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi sejauh di.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan suatu pancutan minyak keluar dari satu lubang pada satu bekas tinggi pada
kedalaman yang sama sejauh d2.
(a) What is the meaning of density? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ketumpatan?
............................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(b) Observe Diagram 5.1 and Digaram 5.2. Perhatikan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2.
Compare: Bandingkan:
(i) Density of water and oil. Ketumpatan air dan minyak.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(ii) The distance d1 and d2. Jarak d1, dan d2.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(iii) The pressure produced by the water jet and the oil jet.
Tekanan yang dihasilkan oleh pancutan air dan pancutan minyak itu.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(c) Based on your answer in (b), state the relationship between the density and the pressure of liquid.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), nyatakan hubungan antara ketumpatan dan tekanan cecair.
............................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(d) Diagram 5.3 shows the location of a house water tank.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan kedudukan tangki air pada sebuah rumah.
Explain why the water tank should be located on top of the roof.
Terangkan mengapa tangki air diletakkan di atas burn bung rumah.
……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….
[3marks]
Contoh Soalan Modification - SBP 2010
Diagram 7 shows a fixed coil is placed in between an iron rod and a bar magnet.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan sebuah magnet bar.
When the switch is closed, both of the iron rod and the bar magnet are attracted towards the coil.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, kedua-dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung.
(a) State the polarity at X. Nyatakan kutub di X.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(b) Suggest two modifications that can be done in Diagram 7 in order to increase the force of attraction
between the coil and the iron rod. Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam Rajah
7 bagi menambahkan daya tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]
(c) (i) What will happen to the iron rod and the bar magnet when the connections to the terminals
of the battery are reversed?
Apakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal bateri
diterbalikkan.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(d) The battery is then replaced by a low alternating current power supply. The switch is then closed.
Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang-alik yang berkuasa rendah. Suis dihidupkan.
(i) Describe the motion of the iron rod. Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi.
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the motion of the bar magnet. Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar.
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(e) Using your answers in 7(c) and 7(d),state one application of iron rod with the coil in
everyday life. Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 7(c) dan 7(d), nyatakan satu
aplikasi rod besi bersama gegelung dalam kehidupan harian.
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
Contoh Soalan Making Dicision - Selangor 2009
8. Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show a filament bulb and an energy saver bulb. These two bulbs gives the same
amount of light intensity.
Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga. Kedua-dua mentol ini
menghasilkan keamatan cahaya yang sama
Filament bulb 240 V. 75W Filament bulb 240 V. 20W

240 V, 20 W 240 V, 20 W
Mentol berfilamen 240V 75 W Mentol berfilamen 240V 20 W
240V 20 W
Rajah 8.1 Rajah 8.2
(a) The filament bulb uses 75 W of power. What is meant by electrical power?
Mentol berfilamen menggunakan kuasa sebanyak 75 W. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuasa elektrik ?
…..………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(b) State the energy transformation that occurs in both bulbs.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam kedua-dua mentol.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…[2 marks]
Filament bulb Energy saver bulb
Mentol berfilamen Mentol jimat tenaga
Energy consumed per second
75 J 20 J
Tenaga digunakan per saat
Useful work per second
11.25 J 10 J
Tenaga berguna per saat
Table 8/Jadual 8
(i) The filament bulb consumes 75 J of energy in one second but it only delivers 11.25 J of useful
energy per second. Name the wasted energy released by the bulb?
Mentol berfilamen menggunakan tenaga 75 J dalam satu saat tetapi cuma mengeluarkan
11.25 J tenaga berguna setiap saat. Namakan tenaga yang dibazirkan oleh mentol itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the filament bulb and the energy saver bulb from Table 8. Hitung
kecekapan mentol berfilamen dan mentol jimat tenaga dari Jadual 8.
(4 marks)
(iii) Which bulb is more economical to be used? Give a reason for your answer.
Mentol yang manakah lebih jimat untuk digunakan? Berikan satu alasan untuk jawapan anda.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(d) Name one electrical appliance used at home and state one way to make it more efficient.
Namakan satu alat elektrik yang digunakan di rumah dan nyatakan satu cara untuk
meningkatkan kecekapannya.
……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
KERTAS TIGA
Construct- Problem Solving (Experementing)-40 markah

Contoh Soalan No 1-Section A-16 markah
Trial Selangor 2009
1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, Ɩ of a constantan wire
and the potential difference across it, V. The wire is connected to a steady direct current power supply
provided by an accumulator. The set up of the apparatus is shown in Diagram 1.
Diagram 1
The jockey is placed at the points where l = 20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 100.0 cm. The readings
of the voltmeter are as shown in Diagram 1.2, Diagram 1.3, Diagram 1.4, Diagram 1.5 and Diagram 1.6
below.
(a) For the experiment described above, identify

(i) the manipulated variable
................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks]
(ii) the responding variable
................................................................................................................................................ [1 marks]
(iii) the constant variable
............................................................................................................................................... [1 marks]
Note:
1. Untuk menjawab 3 soalan ini, jawapannya berada pada soalan yang diberikan seperti yang
digariskan.
2. 2 variable telah diketahui dan untuk menentukan manipulated V, tengok ulangan yang dibuat
pada soalan.Ulangan tersebutlah manipulatednya dan variable yang satu lagi atomatik akan
menjadi responding.
3. Bagi fixed variable kadang-kadang dalam soalan ada diberitahu tetapi jika tiada ia
memerlukan sedikit knowledge tentang eksperiment ini.
4. Jangan menggunakan perkataan type(contohnya type of wire/type of power supply)
Note:
1. Lihat betul-betul skala bagi setiap alat pengukur.
2. Jika alat pengukur boleh membaca 2 tempat perpuluhan, pastikan dalam ruangan
tabulated the data ada 2 tempat perpuluhan.Begitu juga kalau satu tempat
perpuluhan.
1
2
3 (b) Determine the voltage, V when the length of the constantan wires,l =20.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0
cm and 100.0 cm respectively. Tabulate your results for l and V in the space below.
0
[5 marks]
Note:
1. Lihat khendak soalan apa yang hendak dijadualkan. Seperti soalan di atas hanya 2
sahaja l and V
Note: Pastikan setiap column ada simbol dan unit
2.
3.
1. Pastikan tempat
Tengok tajuk grafperpuluhan
yang diberi,yang betul mengikut
Perkataan yang dulualat pengukur.
adalah paksi Y dan seterusnya paksi
4. Pastikan setiap
X. Biasanya column consistency
responding adalah paksiyang sama
Y dan (tempat perpuluhan
manipulated adalah paksisama)
x
5. Jika column yang seterusnya adalah secondary
2. Setiap paksi pastikan ada simbol dan unit. value, pastikan nilai tempat perpuluhan
lebih satu berbanding primer value.
3. Pastikan sekala seragam, no tidak ganjil
(c) On the4.graph
Plotpaper
titik denga tanda
on page X, buat
25, plot besar-besar(2x2
a graph of V against lkotak kecil).
[5 marks]
5. Garis guna pembaris jika nampak hampir lurus, gunakan freehand jika lengkung.
Biasanya lurus.
24 | M o 6.
d u Garis
l T e mesti
m b asentuh
k 3 2 paksi
- S AY K T I
7. Saiz graf mesti memenuhi kertas graf. Jangan Buat kecil.(70% saiz kertas graf)
(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between V and l
………………………………………………………………………………………[1 marks]
Note:
1. Gunakan ayat seperti yg telah diajar berdasarkan bentuk graf yang diperolehi.
y y
y is directly y decrease linearly
propotional to x to x
x x
y y
y increase linearly to y is inversely
x propotional to x
x x
y
As y increase x also
increase
x
(e) The experiment is repeated using thicker constantan wire.
(i) What happens to the voltmeter readings when the jockey is placed at l = 20 cm? Assume the current that
flow through the wire is constant.
. ……………………………………………………………….......................................…………………
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
…………………………………………………………………............................……………… [2 marks]
Note:
2. Kadang2 ada soalan tambahan seperti ini..
LATIHAN 1-Q1:SBP 2009
1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the object distance, u, image
distance, v, and focal length, f, of a convex lens. The apparatus is set up as shown in Diagram 1.1
Diagram 1.1
At the beginning, the object is placed at the distance of 40.0 cm from the lens. The screen is adjusted to
find the sharp image. The image distance is then measured by using the metre rule.
The above procedure is repeated by varying the values of u to be 35.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 25.0 cm and 20.0 cm.
Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 show the end of the metre rule when the image distance, v, is measured.
( Note : For each diagram, the measurement of the image distance, v is started from the zero mark of
the metre rule.)
(a) For the experiment described above, identify:
(i) The manipulated variable
……………………………….................................………...........................................…..
[ 1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable
………………………………………….....................…………..............................................
[ 1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable
………………………………………....................……………................................................
[ 1 mark]
(b) Based on diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, determine image distance, v when the object distance, u.
is equal to 40 cm, 35 cm, 30 cm, 25 cm and 20 cm.
1 1
Tabulate the values of u, v, and in the space below.
u v
[6 marks]
1 1
(c) On the graph paper, plot a graph of against
v u
[ 5 marks]
1 1
(d) Based on your graph, state the relationship between and
v u
………………………………………………….....................................................................…………
[ 1 mark]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.
……………………………………………………….....................................................................……
[ 1 mark]
1 1
Graph of against
v u
Contoh Soalan No 2-Section A-12 markah
Trial Selangor 2009
2. An experiment to investigate the time taken, t by a metal sphere falling from a height, h was conducted. The
graph of h against t 2 is in Diagram 2.1.
(a) Based on the graph h against t2 on page 29,
(i) state the relationship between h and t,
..........................................................................................................................................[1marks]
Note:
1. INGAT, soalan relationship based on graf pastikan gunakan ayat seperti directly
propotional, increse linerally dsb. Ayat Penuh
1
(ii) determine the time taken, t by the sphere when dropped from a height,
h = 44.0 cm. Show on the graph how you determine the value of t
t = ……………………
[3 marks]
Note:
1. Pastikan ade garisan yang dibuat bermula dengan h=44 terus ke garisan dan kemudian
ke paksi x. Tunjukkan nilainya dalam kertas graf.
2. Tulis nilai t2 dalam ruangan jawapan dan Kira nilai t dalam ruangan jawapan juga.
3. Pastikan Unit ditulis.
b) Calculate the gradient of the graph.

Show on the graph, how you calculate the gradient.
[3 marks]
Note:
1. Pastikan ada segitiga bersaiz sekurang-kurangnya 8 x 8 cm
2. Tunjukan koordinat pada hujung segitiga.
3. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan mencari kecerunan.(show substitution)
4. Tuliskan jawapan berserta dengan UNIT.
(c) The motion equation of a falling object with an initial velocity, u is given as
1
(i) State the initial velocity, u of the sphere.
......................................................................................................................................................................
[1 marks]
(ii) By using the gradient of the graph in (b) and equation in (c), calculate the gravitational acceleration, g .
[3 marks]
Note:
1. Soalan ini lebih kurang sama macam soalan linear law dalam addmate.
2. Gunakan persamaan yang diberi untuk bandingkan dengan graf. Biasanya kesamaan
yang perlu dicari adalah pada kecerunan dan juga y-intercept.
(d) State one precaution that should be taken in this experiment to improve the accuracy of the readings in the
experiment
. ………………………………………………………………………………...................………………….
…………………………………………………………………………....................……...................………
[1 marks]
Note:
Gunakan 2 ayat ini sahaja....
1. The position of eye must be pependicular to the scale reading to aviod parallax error(tak
boleh guna kalau measuring instrument adalah digital stopwatch)
2. Repeat the experiment twice, then calculate the everage to get accurate reading.
LATIHAN 1- Midterm T5 SBP 2011
2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure, P and depth,
h of a liquid X at sea level.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan diantara tekanan, P dan
kedalaman, h bagi cecair pada aras laut.
pressure P is determined using the formula :

Tekanan P ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus:
P = P liquid + Patm
Where P liquid = pressure by column of liquid X, P atm = atmospheric pressure
Dimana P cecair = Tekanan oleh turus cecair X, P atm = Tekanan atmosfera
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1, determine the atmospheric pressure, Patm when h = 0 m.
Berdasarkan graf pada rajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan atmosfera, Patm bila h = 0 m.
Show on the graph, how you determine the value of the atmospheric pressure.
Tunjukkan pada graf, bagaimana anda menentukan nilai tekanan atmosfera.
P atm = ………………………………........ [2 marks]
(b) The density of the liquid can be determined from the formula
Ketumpatan cecair boleh ditentukan dengan mengunakan rumus
 = 0.012 k where k is the gradient of the graph P against h

Dimana k ialah kecerunan bagi graf P lawan h
(i) Calculate the gradient, k of the graph P against h. Show on the graph how you determine k.
Hitung kecerunan, k bagi graf P lawan h.Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan k.
k = ………………………………........
[4 marks]
(ii) Determine the density of liquid, 
Tentukan ketumpatan bagi cecair, = ………………………….... kgm-3

[1 mark]
(c) Based on the graph on Diagram 2.1, determine the pressure, P exerted on the liquid when the
depth of liquid, h = 0.4 m
Berdasarkan kepada graf pada gambarajah 2.1, tentukan tekanan, P yang dikenakan di atas cecair
bila kedalaman, h = 0.4 m
P = ………………………………........
[2 marks]
(d) (i) If the liquid X is replaced with a denser liquid Y, what will happen to the value of k?
Jika cecair X digantikan dengan cecair Y yang lebih tumpat, Apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai k?
………………………………...........................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
………………………………………………....................................................................................
[1 mark]
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil untuk meningkatkan keputusan eksperimen.
………………………………............................................................................................................
[1 mark]
LATIHAN 2-Q2: Terengganu 2010
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between potential differeence
V across the terminal of the battery and the current, I. The result of the experiment is shown in the graph of V
against I below.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2;

(i) State the relationship between V and I
……………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of E, when I = 0.0 A
Show on the graph how you obtained the value of E
.…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(i) Name the physical quantity that is represented by the value of E in (a)(ii)
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Calculate the gradient, r of the graph.
Show on the graph how you determine r.
=..............................
[3 marks]
(c) From the graph, state the value of V when I = 0.60 A. Show on the graph how you
obtained the value of V.
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 mark]
(d) The external resistance, R is given by the formula E = I (R + r) . By using the
value of E in a(ii), r in (b) and 1= 0.60 A, calculate the value of R.
R=
[2 marks]
…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
Contoh Soalan No 3/4-Section B-12 markah
Note:
1. Pastikan menggunakan ayat seperti di bawah.
2. Bentuk dan susunan seperti di bawah.
Item Catatan Markah

1. Inference ………. depends on………… 1
2. Hypothesis The higher the ……...the higher….....… 1
3. Aim To investigate the relationship between………….and…….…… 1
4. Variable a) manipulated V: ……..
b) Responding V: ……… 1
pastikan variable yang digunakan sama seperti dalam hypothesis dan juga aim
1
c) Fixed V:……. (j angan guna perkataan type)
5. Apparatus tulis semua apparatus yang diberi dalam soalan dan lain2 apparatus 1
6. Arrangement
lukis gambarajah berlabel,guna pembaris 1
of apparatus
7. Prosedur a) controlling manipulated V: … beritahu nilai pertama yang digunakan
b) controlling Responding V: …beritahu apa yang diukur, alat pengukur apa? 1
1
Jika secondary value tunjukkan formulanya
1
c) Repeated Exp. – …ulang eskperiment sekurang-kurangnya 4 bacaan lagi.
8. Tabulating of - buat jadual dan pastikan ada symbol dan unit. pastikan sama dengan variable
Data di atas
Manipulated/Simbol/unit Responding/Simbol/unit
1
9.Analyzed the – buat graf paksi y mesti responding dan paksi x-manipulated
data
-pastikan ada symbol dan unit pada setiap paksi
Simbol/unit
1
Simbol/unit
TOTAL 12 M
(ada 9 item yang perlu ditulis. Prosedur 3 markah dan variable 2 markah yang membawa jumlah markah
keseluruhan 12 markah)
CONTOH SOALAN DAN JAWAPAN.
Trial Perlis 09
Diagram above shows a plastics bottle containing hot water. The plastic bottle is then put into a basin of ice.
The found that the plastic bottle crumpled as shown in diagram 3.2
Based on the observation on diagram 3.1 and diagram 3.2 and using your knowledge of the gas law
Based on the information and observation above :

Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 marks]
(b) State one suitable hypotesis.

Nyatakan satu hipothesis yang sesuai. [1 marks]
(c) With the use of apparatus as capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b). In your description, state
clearly the following :
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer dan lain-lain radas,
terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan dalam
4(b)
Dalam penerangan anda jelaskan perkara berikut :
i) Aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.
ii) Variables in the experiment.
Pembolehubah yang terlibat.
iii) List of apparatus and materials.
Senarai radas dan bahan
iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.
Susunan radas.
v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan
kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.
vi) The way you would tabulate the data.
Penjadualan data.
vii) The way you would analyse the data.
Cara menganalisis data. [10 marks]
Jawapan
(a) Inference 1
the volume depend on the temperature
(b) Hypothesis
1
the higher the temperature the higher the volume
(c)(i) Aim
1
To investigate the relationship between temperature and volume
(ii) Variables
1
Manipulated : Temperature
Responding : volume/length of air column
1
Constant : pressure/ mass of air trap
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
capilarry tube,tall beaker,thermometer,bunsen burner,tripod stand,wire gouze,restord 1
stand,mercury or concentric acid sulfuric acid,strirre, ruler and ice
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) Procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
1
1. The water is stirred until the water temperature fall to 0 oC.
2. The length of the air column, x is measured using meter rule and recorded 1
3. Repeated the experiment using temperature of 10,20,30 and 40 oC
1
(vi) Tabulate the data
T( 0C) l/cm
0
10
20
30 1
40
(vii) Analyse the data

l/cm
1
T( C)
o
TOTAL 12
Set 1-8, soalan no 3 dan 4 section C
Based on the diagrams in Questions 1- 8,

(a) make one suitable inference .
(b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.
(c describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis
In your explanation, state clearly the following :
(i) aim of the experiment
(ii) variables in the experiment
(iii) list of apparatus and materials
(iv) arrangement of the apparatus
(v) the procedures of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) the way you would tabulate the data
(vii) the way you would analyse the data
[12 marks]
Trial Melaka 09
1. Diagram 3 shows air bubbles formed by an air pump in an aquarium. The size of the air bubbles are smaller
as they emerged from the air pump at the bottom of the aquarium. The size become bigger as they approached
the surface of the water.
2. Diagram 4 shows the telephone ear piece which receives a varying current from the telephone line. The
permanent magnet attracts the magnet alloy diaphragm. The varying current in the coils of the electromagnet
changes the strength of the magnetic field .
Trial Kelantan 09
3. Diagram shows a worker using a piece of straight long and uniform wood to determine the depth of a hole
filled with water.
When the is pushed a bit into water as in Diagram 1 , he feel that a small force is needed, when the wood is
pushed further down as in Diagram 2 , he found that a larger force is needed.
4 .The figures 4.1 and 4.2 show two electric bells are connected to the similar batteries.
When the switches of the two bells are on, the bell in figure 4.2 rings louder than the bell in figure 4.1
Trial Mrsm 09
5. Diagram 3.1 shows two identical lorries which are at rest when the traffic light is red. When the red light
turns green, both lorries start to accelerate with the same forward thrust. Digram 3.2 shows the positions of
both lorries after two minutes.
6. Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show the electric circuits which connects an electric bell to an
ammeter and a power supply. When the switch is closed, it is observed that the bell in Diagram 4.2 rings
louder than the bell in Diagram 4.1.
Trial N9 09
7. Diagram 3.1 shows an aluminium foil which has been shaped into a boat and put into a water container.
Diagram 3.2 shows the same piece of aluminium foil that has been crumpled and put into the same water
container.
Trial sbp 09
8.Diagram 4.1 shows the interference pattern of monochromatic light after passing through a double slit. Same
experiment is repeated by using longer wavelength of monochromatic light. The result is shown in Diagram
4.2
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan corak interferens cahaya monokromat selepas melalui satu dwicelah. Eksperimen
yang sama diulang dengan menggunakan cahaya monokromat yang mempunyai panjang gelombang yang
lebih panjang. Keputusannya ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
End Of Module
GOOD LUCK
LAMPIRAN 1
PHYSICS SPM PAPER 3 QUESTION ANAYLISIS
SECTION B
Variable
C TOPIC NO
Responding Manipulated Fixed
FORM 4 29 EKSPERIMENT
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Based, Derived, Scalar
&Vector Quantities
1.2 Measurement
1.3 Scientific Investigations
FORCES AND MOTION
2.1 Linear Motion 1 accelaration height mass
2.2 Inertia 2 period (S3-2006,S1-2007) mass length of jigsaw blade
2.3 Momentum 3 time to stop mass force applied
2.4 The Effect of a Force 4 acceleration( S2-2008) force mass
5 acceleration mass force

2 2.5 Impulse And Impulsive
6 depth height of mass mass
Force
2.6 Gravity 7 time taken weight height
2.7 Forces In Equilibrium 8

2.8 Work, Energy, Power and
9 work done distance mass
Efficiency
2.9 Elasticity 10 extension of spring (S1-2005) force spring constant
diameter
11 extension of spring (S2-2007) spring/wire/length of force/weight
spring
FORCE AND PRESSURE
3.1 Pressure 12 depth (2004/2008) area of metal block weight
3.2 Pressure in Liquids 13 water distance depth density of water
14 length difference depth density
15 depth of water lavel density depth of thistle funnel

3
3.3 Gas and Atm Pressure 16 pressure time density of mercury
3.4 Pascal Principle 17 height of big piston area og big piston force/area small piston
3.5 Archimedes Principle 18 weight/volume of water displace mass/weight object density of water
19 weight/volume of water displace density mass/weight object
3.6 Bernoulli Principle 20 water lavel speed density of water
HEAT
4.1 Thermal In Equilibrium 20 rise in temperature time mass of water
4 4.2 Specific Heat Capacity 21 rise in temperature (S2-2004) mass time
4.3 Specific Latent Heat 22 rise in temperature density material time
4.4 The Gas Laws 23 pressure(2005) volume temperature

pressure/volume (S1-2006:
24 temperature pressure/volume
Charles Law)
5 LIGHT
5.1 Reflection Of Light 25 angle of reflection angle of incident light intensity

5.2 Refraction Of Light 26 angle of refraction angle of incident light intensity
27 apparent depth(2007) real depth size of an object
5.3 Total Internal Reflection 28 angle of refraction/reflection angle of incident density of block
focal length
5.4 Lenses 29 image distance object distance
Variable
TOPIC NO
Responding Manipulated Fixed
FORM FIVE
WAVES 25 EKSPERIMENT
1.1 Waves 1 frequency(2006) period size of spring

frequency/length of
2 wavelength/time taken size of spring/mass
pendulum
1.2 Reflection of waves 3 same like form 4
6
1.2 Refraction of waves 4 wavelength depth density of water
1.3 Difraction of waves
1.5 Interference of waves 5 x wavelength a
6 distance/x frequency a
1.6 Sound waves 7 distance/x frequency a
1.7 Electromagnetic waves 8 wavelength colour(diffraction) thickess
ELECTRICITY
2.1 Electric fields and charge
9 current(2008) speed vandegraff size vandegraff
flow
10 temperature(2007) current voltage
length of constatant
2.2 Ohm Law 11 potential difference (S2-2006) electric current
wire
resistance (S4-2004, S2-2005 length/crosssectional length/crosssectional
7 12
(Diameter), S1-2007) area/temperature area/temperature
no of resistor(2 ohm voltage supply(Siries
2.3 Series and parallel circuits 13 voltage across resistor
each) Circiut)
2.4 EMF and Internal
14 voltage across cell time same baterry
Resistance
2.5 Electrical energy and
15 power voltage current
power
current height mass load
8 ELECTROMAGNETISM
3.1 Magnetic effect of CCC 16 strength of electromagnet number of turn of coil current
17 strength of electromagnet current number of turn

3.2 The Force on a CCC in a
18 distance travel/force magnetic strength current
magnetic field
19 distance travel/force(2008) current magnetic strength
3.3 Electromagnetic induction 20 current(2005) speed magnetic strength

21 current no of turn/magnetic magnetic strength/ no
strength of turn
3.4 DC and AC
no of turn for secondary no of turn for primary
3.5 Transformers 22 induced current/voltage
coil coil
no of turn for
23 frequency soft iron/seloinoid
primary/secondary coil
3.6 Generation and transm
ELECTRONICS
4.1 Cathode ray oscilloscope 24 angle of deflection magnetic strength voltage supply
9 4.2 Semiconductor diodes
4.3 Transistors
4.4 Logic gates
RADIOACTIVITY
5.1 Nucleus of an atom
5.2 Radioactive decay 25 thikness of aluminium count rate radioactice source

10
5.3 Radioisotopes
5.4 Nuclear energy

5.5 Management of
radioactive
LAMPIRAN 2
SKEMA CHARACTERISTIC ATAU PROPERTIES
BAGI SOALAN MODIFICATION DAN MAKING DICISION
Chapter 1/2/3 (FORCES AND MOTION/PRESSURE)

BI ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFI
REASON/EXPLANATION
L CATION
More sensitif/more accurate/suitable to measure a
1 The small reading of scale 0.01 cm
small length
2 Front and rear crumple zones to increase time of impact //to reduce impulsive force.
will inflate during collision/to prevent driver and
3 Air bags passenger colliding with steering wheel and
dashboard.
to lengthen the time of impact so as to reduce
4 Dashboard - made of soft material
impulsive force.
5 Seat belt to prevent passengers thrown foward due to it inertia
6 Headrest to prevent head thrown back due to it inertia
To withstand greater pressure at the bottom as the
7 Thicker wall at the base
pressure increases with depth
The wall is constructed using stronger To avoid the wall from breaking / To increase the
8
materials / Using reinforce concrete strength of the wall / To avoid leaking
To avoid flooding / To channel away the overflow
9 Equipped with the water overflow system
water
10 The mass must be high so that the vehicles becomes more stable
11 the types of engine is diesel so the cost is low
12 the diameter of the tyre must be bigger so the pressure is low // more stable
13 Streamline / larus reduce the resistance of water/ kurangkan rintangan air
14 Low Density /ketumpatan rendah higher buoyant force/ daya apungan tinggi
Specific heat capacity high / muatan haba
15 absorbs heat slowly/serap haba dengan perlahan
tentu tinggi
16 High strength / Kekuatan tinggi Difficult to damage / sukar rosak
17 Material made from glass Glass does not corrode with acid
18 Small diameter of capillary tube To increase the sensitivity of the hydrometer
Makes the hydrometer stays upright/lower center of
19 High density of shots/added more
gravity
20 Big diameter of bottom bulb To obtaine a bigger upthrust/stability
21 Aerodynamics / cone shape at top Reducing of air friction
22 Small mass Higher rate of acceleration/easy to carry
Less than half of the bottle filled with Enough space for increasing air pressure/ Big buoyant
23
water(water roket) force
24 3 or 4 wings The stability of the rocket
25 Angle of projection = 45 degree Increase the flight distance
26 Low density of an object So that it is lighter/accelerate faster
27 Higher density Bigger inertia/stability
28 High engine power To produce high acceleration// high resultant force
So that the spring is stiffer // motorcycle bounce less //
29 High spring constant // stiffer spring
less vibration
30 Wide tyre // smooth tyre To increase stability // to reduce friction
31 use a spring with a bigger diameter so that k is bigger
the spring is made from steel the type of material influences k produces a bigger
32
a larger k(spring constant) elastic PE. elastic P E changes to K E
33 spring is greatly compressed so that elastic Potential Energy is bigger
34 slope of inclined plane is 45 degrees so that distance is maximum
35 The melting point should be high To be able to withstand high
36 The material must be very strong To be able to withstand very strong force
Shaped with a curved surface at the top and To achieve an upward lifting force when moving at
37
a flat surface at the bottom(aerodynamic) high speed
38 Run with higher speed To increase kinetic energy
Bend pole greater // jump when the pole is
39 Increase elastic potential energy
maximum bend
So that the pole can return to it original shape // So
40 Elastic pole // strong material // low density
that it will not break // light
41 Wear fit attire Reduce air resistance
increase time of collision // reduce impulsive
42 Use mattress/soft material
force//increase landing time
Stronger / Not easy to break
43 Made of concrete
// metal can rust easily
44 thicker wall at the bottom able to withstand the higher pressure at the bottom
45 height from ground is high(dam) to produce a greater difference in pressure
So that ship can float//prevent from overturn // ship
46 Wide base cross section area
more stable // ship not sink deeper
47 High volume of air space in the ship Produce air buoyant force// ship can float
48 Spring arrange in parallel The spring sistem is stiffer/less extension/less elastic
49 Spring with thicker wire The spring is stiffer/wire not easily break
Increase the stiffness of the spring//can with stand
50 Spring with smaller diameter of coil
higher force
51 Rope with small diameter(parachute) Accupy less space/less mass
52 Long stem(for hydrometer) Cover a wider range of densities
53 Stem with smaller diameter Sink more and increase the sensitivity
54 Low rate of rusting To ensure tha material last longer
55 Semicircular curve shaped(for slope) Exchange between KE and GPE easily
56 Smooth surface Easily to move/reduce frictional force
57 Synthetic material Light weight/air-proof material
Chapter 4 (HEAT)
REASON/EXPLANATION
L CATION
1 the lid of the pan designed to lower the the boiling point of water decreased
air pressure inside the pan
the lid of the pan made of substance which heat will not absorbed by the the lid,so heat will not
2 has weak conductivity of heat lost to surrounding
Made from material with low specific heat Temperature in the pot can be increased quickly when
3 capacity heated. This saves fuel / cooking gas.
4 Made from a low density material Pot is light and more portable
Made from material that is not easily Pot is more durable and will not contaminate the food
5 corroded or oxidized with dangerous material
The handle of the pot is made from material The handle becomes hot slower and can be held
6 with high specific heat capacity without scorching the hand
The pot is designed to have vertical
This makes the pot versatile because different food
compartments which can be added or
can be cooked at the same time
7 removed
Does not melt easily if there is an increase in
High melting point
8 temperature.
Pressure will be transmited uniformly in all directions/
Liquid that difficult to compress.
9 flows easily
10 High degree of hardness Can withstand great force / does not break easily
Increase surface area // release heat quickly // engine
Large numbers of fin blade -
11 cools quickly
Can suck more air // more air can be blow to the
Big size of fan
12 engine /Can cool down a larger area
Not easily to vaporize // the volume of liquid reduce
High boiling point
13 slowly // takes a longer time to boil
Takes a longer time to become hot // the rise in
High specific heat capacity
14 temperature is slow
increase the resistance/Can transfer the heat faster to
Increase the length/area of cooling coil
15 the surrounding
A storage tank must be place at a higher
To give higher pressure
16 level
17 Pipe embedded in plate must be long will enlarge surface area will absorbs heat faster
The pipe inside the plate must be made of Metal is a good heat conductor,so it will transmit heat
18 metal to water easily/resistance hih
thermometer is made from strong
so that it is not easily broken
19 transparent glass
20 the thermometric liquid chosen is mercury because it easily expands uniformly
21 the capillary tube is made narrow and thin so that it is more sensitive
22 the shape of the thermometer is round so that it has a magnifying effect
23 the thermometer is placed in melting ice to obtain the lower point
the thermometer is placed in steam to obtain the upper point
24 Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly
25 Smaller size of ice cream box Easier to carry // easy too become cool
26 Plastic PVC Poor conductor of heat
27 Bright colour of outer box Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly
28 Use insulator behind the absorber panel To prevent the loss of heat energy
Use an absorber panel which is painted A black surface is a good absorber of radiation so it
29 black. will absorb heat faster
Chapter 5 (LIGHT)
REASON/EXPLANATION
L CATION
Allow more light to involve in total internal
Small critical angle.
1 reflection
2 strong material not easily broken.
3 flexible material. Can easily change the shape.
4 fine diameter can enter small holes.
5 High refractive index Total internal reflection can occur easily
6 Optical fibre in a bundle Large number of signal/higher intensity of light can
propagate
7 Material with weak rigidity The optical fibre can be bent easily
8 Material with great strength The optical fibre can last longer/not easily spoil
A plane mirror mounted on an adjustable
Reflects light to the vertical screen, corrects lateral
9 arm
and vertical inversion
Use a converging mirror instead of plane Focus the light directly to the lens // increase the
10
mirror intensity of light.
Place the filament at the centre of curvature Light goes directly from the lamp and reflect back on
11 of the converging mirror // use high the same path // increase the intensity of light
powered lens towards the transparency // to get brighter image
12 Use heat filter To absorb excess heat to the transparency
Electric fan operates during and after the Cooling system to stabilize the temperature (heat
13
lamp is switched on energy produced by filament bulb)
14 Shorter // smaller size of binocular easy to carry
Use prism to make the total internal
15 Produce upright image
refleclection occur
16 Higher density Higher refractive indeks
17 Ojective lens with larger diameter More light passes through the lens
18 Eyepiece with higher power Shorter focal length
19 Shorter focal length Higher power/increase the magnification
20 Convex lense Can produce real image
21 u a bit bigger than f Produce maximum magnification
22 periscope Cheaper than cctv
23 2 plane mirror/prism Can reflect light from object
24 Casing to hold the mirror Easier to handle periscope
25 Convex mirror Wider field view
Optcal fibre with higher densities/ refrative
26 To ensure total internal reflection occur
index inner compare than outer
Chapter 6 (WAVE)
BI ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/M
REASON/EXPLANATION
L ODIFICATION
Waves are calmer due to divergence of energy/ Convergence
of waves at the cape/The bay is shallower .
1 Build near bay
The speed of waves decreases./The amplitude of waves at the
bay is small.
Reduce direct impact of the waves on the shore. To reflect the
2 Build retaining walls waves from the shore./Protect the area from large waves
/avoid erosion
Waves passing through the gap will be diffracted in the
Concrete barrier structure with a gap
3 children’s area/the smaller amplitude of the diffracted waves
in between
causes the sea to be calmer there energy of waves decreases.
4 Build high retaining wall To ensure the water not overflow.
5 Thick area at the base of the wall To withstand high pressure at the base
6 Long wavelength Easy to diffract
7 Short Slit Diffraction more obvious
8 Ultrasonic wave Can transfer more energy
Chapter 7/8 (ELECTRIC & ELECTROMAGNET)

BI ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MO
REASON/EXPLANATION
L DIFICATION
Allow each electric appliances to be switched on and off
The electric appliances are connected
1 independently/Higher voltage
in parallel
One appliaces damage the another can still function
2 Fit fuse at the live wire in the fuse To stop the flow of current by melting when a high voltage
box/Use miniature circuit breakers of electric current flows through the circuit // switches itself
(mcb’s) off very quickly if the current exceeds
Earth wire connected to earth, so that when a fault occurs
Earth connection to the metal case of
3 and a current flows through the live wire and the earth wire,
electrical appliances
the fuse in the live wire will blow and cut off the supply.
Use low power lamps / install
4 To reduce the energy use/do not waste the electrical energy
fluorescent lamp
Regularly cleaning and removing dust
5 To make sure the appliaces function effectively
from the air filters of air conditioners
6 Low power lamp Safe cost//electric bill
The room looks brighter//high output power//less power
7 High efficiency
wastage
8 Long life span No need to replace often
9 Low price/cost Save money/cost
10 Smaller surface area the resistance is higher
11 High melting point not easy to melt
12 Long (coiled) metal to increase the resistance
13 Low rate of oxidation Does not oxidize easily / can be used for a longer period
14 Low resistance Current will increase / more heat will be produced
15 Low resistivity To reduce heat loss in the cables
16 Low rate of thermal expansion The cables will not expand under hot weather
17 use thin diaphragm Easy to vibrate
18 Use strong material Not easy to break
Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage // The
19 More number of turns of coil
magnitude of the induced current or is also increased
20 Thicker diameter of wire of coil reduce the resistance of the coil
Using more powerful magnet to Increase the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage //The
21 increase the strength of the magnetic magnitude of the induced current or induced electromotive
field force is also increased
To reverse contact with brushes so that the current flow in
22 Change slip rings with commutator
same direction in external circuit
23 Use stronger magnet To increase the magnetic field strength
Use more number of turn for the coil/ Increase the rate of change of magnetic field/increase the
24
Increase the speed of rotation induced current
25 Diameter should be large to reduce the resistance of the cables
So there is less expansion and less sagging in the cables
26 The rate of expansion should be low
during hot days
27 Use capacitor To smoothen the current produced/to store electric charge
28 Using concave surface soft iron Produce radial magnetic field to ensure smooten rotatation
29 Using a laminated iron core Reduce Eddy current in iron core
30 Thick copper wire reduce the resistance of the coil
Using soft iron for the core Reduce the hysterisis loss.
31
Easy to magnetize and demagnitize
Winding the secondary and primary Reduce Leakage of Magnetic Flux
32
coils on top each other.
Chapter 9 (RADIOACTIVE)
BI ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MO
REASON/EXPLANATION
L DIFICATION
The half-life should be a few days This allows for the location to be detected and thereafter the
1 long radioactive contamination is reduced
The source should emit γ particles This enables the radiation to be detected above the
2 ground/high penetrating power
The detector should be able to detect γ High ionising particles like α and β particles are absorbed by
3 particles (low ionising particles) the ground
4 Has a long half-life Can be used for a long time hence save cost
Can penetrate box and liquid and is less
Emits beta
5 dangerous than gamma
6 Solid form Easy to handle and contain.
7 Low ionising power Does not change the state and taste of juice
8 Higher ionising power Easy for the medium to conduct electricity
LAMPIRAN 3 7. Can you explain why a maximum speed of
SOALAN UNDERSTANDING supertanker might need to stop its engine over a
distance of about 3 km before it can come to
TINGKATAN 4 stop.
CHAPTER 1  A supertanker at a state of motions and have a

maximum velocity.
4. Explain the differences between accuracy  A supertanker has a larger mass.
and consistency of a measuring instrument by  A larger mass have a lot/larger inertia.
using suitable examples.  When the engine stop, the supertanker will
continue it state of motions.
 Accuracy is the ability of the instrument to  So it take a longer distance/time to stop due to
give readings close to the actual value. its has a larger inertia.
 The value determined is accurate if it is near
to the actual value 8. Explain why a softball player moves his
 The consistency of a measuring instrument is hand backwards while catching a fast moving
the ability of instrument to record consistent ball. Other situation: bend our knee after jump?
readings for each measurement with little
deviation among readings.  A soft ball has a high velocity.
 The measurement is consistent if the values  A soft ball has a high momentum.
determined are close to each other.  The soft ball player move his hand backward
to increase time impact.
CHAPTER 2  The higher the time impact will reduce
impulsive force.
5. To accelerate 2 objects with the same  So we will not feel hurt.
acceleration, the heavier object needs a bigger
force. Explain the statement.
9. Diagram (a) shows two identical
 Higher mass, higher inertia spherical plasticine balls before being released
 To accelerate an object, need to overcome the from the same height. Diagram (b) shows the
inertia first. state
 Therefore, more force is needed for heavier of
object. the
6. Can you explain why the passenger thrown

forward when the bus suddenly stop and the
head of the passenger were thrown back when plasticine balls when they hit the wood and the
the car started moving. sponge. It was observed that the plasticine
stopped more quickly when it hit the wood.
 When the bus was moving, the passenger
were also moving at the same speed as the
bus.
 When the bus stopped, the passengers
continued moving. Hence, they were thrown
foward.
 The people in the car tried to remain in their
state of rest when the car started moving.
Hence, they were thrown back. Explain the changes in energy that occur from
 In both situations, the passengers were the moment the plasticine ball is released until
resisting a change in their state of motion and reaches the position in Diagram (b)
also known as Inertia.
 The concept of inertia also known as
Newton’s First Law of Motion, which states  Before released, the plasticine has
that “an object will remain at rest or continue Gravitational Potential energy .
with a constant speed in a straight line unless  When falling , Gravitational Potential
an external forces acting on it energy changes to Kinetic energy
 When the plasticine hits the surface of 14. Explain why the boat moves away from
wood , the Kinetic energy changes to the jetty as a boy jumps out of the boat onto
Heat energy / / Sound energy the river bank.
 The energy / work done is use to changes
the shape of sponge  When the boy jumps onto the river bank,
his momentum is forward.
10. Explain how the forces between the  Using the Principle of conservation of
molecules caused the elasticity when the spring is momentum
compressed and stretched.  the total momentum before and after
jumping is equal

There are two types of force; attraction and  The boat moves backward to balance the
repulsive force between the particles of the forward momentum
solid. 15. Explain why the need of steel structure and
 When the solid is stretched, the molecules the separate compartments to build in lorry
displaced away from each other carrying heavy load.
 Attractive forces are acting to oppose the
stretching  The inertia of lorry and load is very big
 When the solid is compressed, the molecules when it is moving
displaced closer to each other  The separate compartments make the load
 Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the divided into smaller mass, thus reducing
compression the inertia of each unit.
11. Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menentukan  The momentum of lorry and load is very
ketumpatan bagi penyumbat gabus. big when it is moving and produce a
bigger impulsive force.
 timbang jisim gabus  The steel structure will prevent the loads
 ikat gabus dengan pemberat dan masukan from smashing into the driver’s
dalam silinder penyukat compartment during emergency braking.
 perubahan isipadu air bersamaan dengan
isipadu gabus 16. Why we feel easier to pull the wheel
 ketumpatan gabus = jisim perisipadu barrow compared to push the wheel barrow?
12. Using the principle of conservation of  The object on the wheel barrow has a
momentum, explain the working principle of weight
the rocket.  When we push the wheel barrow there is a
 Fuel burns in the combustion chamber force acting on the ground in the same
 Hot gases expelled at high speed direction as the weight.
backwards  So the total force acting on the ground is
 A large backwards momentum is produced the weight and the force produced when
 The rocket gains forwards momentum of we push the wheel barrow.
equal magnitude  When we pull the wheel barrow the force
produced is in opposite direction with the
13. Why the boy with mass 40kg slides down weight.
the flume when the angle of inclination is 30 o  So the total force acting on the floor is a
and remains stationary when the angle of weight less the force produced when we
inclination is 17.5o.(the frictional force is pull the wheel barrow
120N)
CHAPTER 3
 Boy slide down when component of
weight parallel to the slope is higher than 17. Explain why the wooden block move
frictional force upwards and then float on the water surface
 Resultant force acting to produced when it release from the above of the water
acceleration surface.
 Boy remain stationary when component of
weight parallel to the slope is equal to  Buoyant force increase when the volume
frictional force of water displace increase.
 Resultant force is equal to zero make the  Buoyant force higher than weight of block.
boy in force equilibrium  Boyant force pushed the wooden block
upward.
 The wooden block then float because the
buoyant force is equal to the weight of the
wooden block
 The concept involve is archimedes
principle
18. Exlplain how the brake system operates when

the car needs to slow down. Explain why the copper block sink in water
but the bowl shape copper sheet floats on water
 When the brake is pressed ,a force is
applied to the piston and pressure is  two forces act on the copper block and
exerted. bowl are uptrust and weight
 Pressure is transmitted uniformly  Uptrust small because small volume // vise
throughout the brake fluid. versa
 Force is exerted on the piston of the brake  The average density of cooper sheet is
pads smaller than density of water. Cooper
 Brake pads will press against the brake sheet will float.
discs.  Block sink because weight > uptrust
 Sheet float because weight = uptrust
19. The toothpaste flows out of it’s tube while
squeezing at the bottom end 23. Diagram shows a cross-sectional of a
Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a wing of a moving aeroplane. The wing of the
physics principle related to it. aeroplane experiences a lift force. Explain why
the lift force acts on the wing of the aeroplane.
 Force is applied to the toothpaste (tube)
 Will produced a pressure
 The toothpaste carry the pressure
 and apply the pressure of the equal
magnitude to the whole tube
20. Explain how a submarine is able to

submerge into deep sea water
 Higher velocity on the upper surface and
lower velocity on the lower surface
 Valve release air from ballast tank.
 Thus produced lower pressure on the
 Sea water flooded ballast tank
upper surface and higher pressure on the
 The weight of water displaced is smaller.
lower surface
 Buoyant force < Weight of the submarine
 Lift force = difference in pressure x area of
surface
21. Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in the air.
24. Explain the principle of Insect Piston
 The balloon acted by two forces: Upthrust Spray
and the weight of the balloon
 The density of helium gas is less than the  When the piston is pushed, air is forced
density of surrounding air out through the jet of gas at a high speed.
 Upthrust equals to the weight of the air  According to Bernoulli’s Principle , the
displaced by the ballloon pressure of the moving air decreases as the
 Upthrust is higher than the weight of the speed of the air increases .
balloon  The higher atmospheric pressure in the
insect poison container will push
22. Diagram shows a copper block and a bowl  the insect poison liquid up through the
shape narrow metallic tube.
copper
sheet of 25. Explain how the vacuum cleaner is able to
same remove dust from the floor
mass.
 the fan blow air out of the vent
 produce a partial vacuum area in the  Di dalam air terdapat molekul yang
vacuum cleaner sentiasa bergerak pada halaju berbeza
 difference in pressure occurs/atmospheric  Dipermukaan air molekul-molekul
pressure is higher than the pressure inside berhalaju tinggi memperolehi tenaga
the vacuum cleander kinetik tinggi
 forced is exerted in/pushed in the dirt.  Ikatan antara molekul diatasi dan terbebas
ke udara
26. Bunsen burner burning with yellow flame .  Air kehilangan molekul berhalaju tinggi
Explain how a blue flame can be produced. jadi TK air rendah, suhu berkurang
 High velocity of gas produce low pressure 31. According to the principle of thermal
at the jet equilibrium and the working principle of a
 Higher atmospheric pressure pushes the air thermometer, explain how a doctor can check
inside and mix with the gas his patient temperature during medical
 Complete mixture of combustion will treatment.
produce blue flame
 Enlarge the orifice to allow more air  Thermometer is placed in the mouth of
patient,
27. The roof of a house being lifted by strong  Heat is transferred from patient’s body to
winds. Explain why. the thermometer.
 Thermal equilibrium between the
 the strong wind above the roof is moving very thermometer and patient’s body is reached
fast when the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
 While the air in the house is at rest  The thermometer and the patient’s body
 according to bernaoulli principle the higher the are at the same temperature. The
velocity, the lower the pressure thermometer
 pressure inside the house is higher than the  reading shows the temperature of the
outside. patient’s body.
 a force is generated by the difference in
32. Explain the changes which occur in the
pressure which is strong enough to lift the roof.
liquid naphthalene when it is cooled until it
changes from the liquid to the solid state.
28. Explain why the hovercraft moves
with constant velocity in terms of the force
 As liquid naphthalene cools, it loses
acting on it
energy to surroundings
The forward force = friction // forward thrust  Its temperature begins to fall until it
= drag reaches freezing point 800C
The resultant force is zero  At its freezing point, naphthalene begins to
The hovercraft is in force in equilibrium solidify.
 Although it is losing its energy to
CHAPTER 4 surroundings, its temperature remains
constant because the average kinetic
29. Water is used as a cooling agent in a energy remains constant
radiator. Explain how water is used as a
cooling agent in the radiator. 33. Why the ice cube stick to the wet finger.
Not to dry Finger?
 Water has high specific heat capacity
 When water in tube passes through the  Ice cube melt will absorb the heat
engine it can absorb large amount of heat  The heat is known as latent heat of fusion
energy  When our finger wet it has a small amount
 Once water reach the radiator, the heat of of heat and it will absorb by the ice cube.
the water absorbed by the fin blade of the  The heat release from water cause it to be
radiator frozen.
 The same time the fan in the radiator push the  So the ice cube and finger will stick
heat out of the car. together due to the frozen of water
30. Terangkan bagaimana proses sejatan  Further more finger have a rough surface
mengakibatkan suhu cecair berkurang. and it helps the ice stick to our finger
34. Apabila beberapa titik ether terkena tangan 38. Cuaca yang paling sejuk dialami pada
seorang pelajar, tangannya merasa sejuk. penghujung musim sejuk, iaitu apabila salji
Terangkan bagaimana ini berlaku. mulai melebur. Jelaskan kenapa?
 takat didih eter adalah rendah  salji perlukan haba untuk melebur
 suhu tangan lebih tinggi dari suhu eter  haba tersebut adalah haba pendam tentu
 menyebabkan haba mengalir dari tangan iaitu untuk menukarkan fasa pepejal
ke eter kepada cecair
 eter meruap//membawa haba pendam  lebih banyak haba diserap dari
pengewapan persekitaran
 menyebabkan suhu tangan turun dan terasa
sejuk 39. Using kinetic theory of gasses, explain
how the pressure increase when the
35. Your body sweats when you are feeling temperature increase in the pressure cooker.
hot.How does sweating helps to cool down
your body?  Molecules moving freely in random
motion
 When we do the activity using the  When temperature increase, kinetic
movement of our body a sweat will energy//velocity increase
poduce.  Molecules strike the walls of pressure
 Acctually water evaporates from the skin cooker more frequently
when we sweat.  The rate of change of momentum increase
 In the process of evaporation the change of  Force exerted on the walls increase,
phase of matter from liquid to steam occur. pressure (P = F/A) increase
 The heat is needed to change this phase is
call the latent heat of vapourisation. 40. In the morning feel hot at the sea .Explain
 So we feel cool when evaporation occur why this phenomenon happens?
due to the release of heat in our body.
 Factor influence the process: air velocity,  During the day,the land and the sea receive
temperature and humidity. the same amount of heat from the sun
 Water has a higher specific capacity than
36. We cannot use a cooling system of a the land
refrigerator to cool the hot room. Explain  The land is heated to a higher temperature
why? than the sea
 The density of the air above the sea is
 Cooling system of a refrigerator is smaller higher than the density of the air above the
 Less cool air from refrigerator flow out land
compare to the hot air flow in  The air above the land flows up and the air
 Position of refrigerator is on the floor above the sea flows towards the land
 The cool air does not flow upward
CHAPTER 5
37. Why we put the fishes in the ice cube 41. Tousrist at a beach observing the sunset.
rather than cold water? Explain why the tourist can still able to see the
 Ice melts need heat known as latent heat of sun even though it has already set.
fusion
 Heat is absorb from the fish.  Refraction of light ray occurs
 Fish will release it heat until the  Light travels from less dense to a denser
temperature equal to 0 medium
 Cold water not experience a change of  The light will bend towards the normal
phase  In the observer eyes, the sun is still not
 So just the process of thermal equilibrium setting as they can still see the image from
happen when they in thermal contact. refraction
 The lower temperature not to be 0 degree.
42. While driving a car on a hot day, you may
see a mirage on the road. Explain how mirage
occurred.
 The layers of air nearer the road warmer.  The convex lens is aimed/focused to a
 The density of air decrease nearer to the distant object (infinity)
road surface.  The screen is adjusted until a sharp image
 The light travel from denser to less dense is formed on the screen
area.  The distance between the screen and the
 The light refract away from the normal lens is measuredl
 When the angle of incidence exceed the  Focal length = distance between the screen
critical angle, total internal reflection and the lens
occurs
46. It is known that the sky is red during
43. Diagram shows a ray of light directed sunset and the formation of rainbow on the
perpendicularly at a side of the semi circular sky always appeared after raining. Explain
glass block. The ray passes through the glass these phenomena.
block to a point O before leaving the glass
block. The angle of incidence in the glass  Light consisting of seven colours.
block is 30° .  Red has the longest wave length and the
last to refracted during sunset.
 A droplet of water trap in the atmosphere
after raining acts a lens.
 Light travel through this water droplet and
undergo the process of refraction ,total
internal reflection and dispersion of light
occurred.
47. The sound wave from the train(etc) can be

heard loudly and clearly at night. Why?
 Air near the ground colder tha above air

Explain how total internal reflection occurs in  Air layer the ground more denser
diagram above?  Sound travel slower in cold air/wavelength
decrease in cold air
 Increase the angle of incidence,i, then  Sound bend toward the observer/sound
angle of refraction,r will also increase bend away to normal
 Keep on increasing the angle of incidence
until angle of refraction is 90° TINGKATAN 5
 The angle of incidence is called critical
angle CHAPTER 6
 Increase the angle of of incidence more
than the critical angle, the ray will be 48. Terangkan bagaimana kedalaman laut
reflected. boleh diukur.
44. Explain why a piece of paper burns when  kedalaman laut boleh diukur menggunakan
placed under a convex lens aimed towards hot peralatan OSK dan hidrofon
sun rays.  hidrofon boleh mengesan gelombang
ultrasonik dalam air yang dipancarkan
 The parallel rays of the sun will pass  OSK boleh menyukat masa pantulan
through the a convex lens gelombang selepas dipancarkan dan
 After entering the lens, the light rays is kembali semula kepada penerima.
focused at the principal focus of the lens  Kedalaman boleh dihitung menggunakan
 At the principal focus, the light ray is rumus v = (2d/t)
focused on one small area
 Heat energy causes an increase in 49. Can you explain why the wave front of sea
temperature, the paper starts to burn water will follow the shape of the shore when
it approaches the shore?
45. Explain how you would estimate the focal
length of a convex lens in your school  The depth of the water decreasing as it
laboratory . travel towards the shore.
 The velocity and wavelength is decreasing 53. Explain the advantages of parallel circuit in
due to the wave travel from the depth to a house wiring system.
the shallow area.
 The wave will bend and change their  A parallel circuit can run several devices
direction(refraction occurs). using the full voltage of the supply.
 So, wave front of sea water will follow the  If one device fails, the others will
shape of the shore. continue running normally
 If the device shorts, the other devices will
50. Explain why strong double-glazed glass is receive no voltage, preventing overload
used as walls of the observation tower in an damage.
airport.  A failure of one component does not lead to
 All particles in a material/matter/glass the failure of the other components.
vibrate at its natural frequency  More components may be added in
 The airplane engine produces noise which parallel without the need for more voltage.
cause the air to vibrate  Each electrical appliance in the circuit
 Due to resonance, the glass vibrate at a has it own switch
higher/maximum amplitude
 Need strong glasses to withstand the effect 54. Explain why a three pin plug is more suitable
of resonance which vibrate with high compared with a two pin plug.
amplitude
 so that it does not brek easily  Two pin plug has no earth wire while
three pin plug has earth wire
51. How can when the oprah singer sing can  Using 2 pin plug, if there is leakage of
make the glass break. current it will also flow through the metal
body while using 3 pin plug if there is
 The singer sing with a certain frequency leakage of current it will flow to the
and produce sound energy ground
 The energy is transferred to the glass  The person who touches the metal body
 Resonance occures when the forced will experiences electric shock while
frequency made by the singer is the same using 3 pin plug, the current will be
as the natural frequency of the glass earthed
 The glass will vibrate with maximum  Using 2 pin is not safe to the consumer
amplitude while using 3 pin plug is more safer to the
 Increase in energy transferred may cause consumer
the glass to break
55. What happen to the candle flame when it
place between 2 metal plate supply with Extra
High Tension (EHT).
 Candle flame spread into two

 Heat from candle produced ion
 Positive charge will attracted to negative
plate while negative charge will atracted to
positive plate
 Candle flame spread wider to negative
plate because positive charge is more
52. Descibe the movement of two similiar haviear than negative charge
ships that are located at A and B. Explain?
 The ship at A will move up and down 56. Pembakar roti T bertanda 240 V, 650 W
 Because constructive inteference happens dan pembakar roti U bertanda 240 V, 840 W.
at point A Tentukan pembakar roti yang manakah
 The ship will remain calm at location B mempunyai elemen pemanas dengan
 Because destructive inteference happens at rintangan yang lebih kecil.
point B
 pembakar roti U
CHAPTER 7  kedua-dua pembakar roti mempunyai
voltan kerja yang sama
 kuasa elemen pemanas = V2/R //kuasa
elemen pemanas berkadar songsang 61. Most of our electric energy comes from
dengan rintangan hydroelectric power stations and thermal
 pembakar roti dengan kuasa yang lebih power station. These power station are
tinggi mempunyai elemen pemanas connected by cables to transmit electricity to
dengan rintangan yang lebih kecil users in industries, offices, schools and
houses. This system is called the national grid
57. Explain why the bulb connected to two dry network.
cells lights up brighter than one bulb Explain briefly the importance of the national
connected to one dry cell. grid network system in distributing electric
energy to the users.
 The two dry cells are connected in parallel
 The effective e.m.f. remains the same  The electrical supply is continuous,
 The effective internal resistance of the two although there is faulty in one of the
cells is smaller power station
 A larger current will flow through the bulb  The electrical energy from other station is
to make it brighter directed to the the affected areas
 The electrical energy from other area is
58. Sebuah bateri yang terdiri daripada dua directed to the areas that need more energy
buah sel kering berlabel 1.5 V disambungkan  The overall cost of production of
kepada sebuah mentol 2.5V 0.3 A. Didapati electricity can be reduced
bahawa mentol itu menyala dengan kecerahan
normal apabila suis dihidupkan. Terangkan
mengapa mentol itu menyala dengan
kecerahan normal walaupun d.g.e bateri lebih
besar daripada voltan metol itu.
 bateri mempunyai rintangan dalam

 sebahagian daripada d.g.e bateri hilang di
dalam bateri/sebahagian digunakan untuk
mengatasi rintangan dalam
 voltan//beza keupayaan yang dibekalkan
kepada mentol hampir sama dengan voltan
kerja mentol
62. Diagram shows the pattern of magnetic
CHAPTER 8 field formed when current flows in a coil.
Explain why the magnetic field strength is
59. The acceleration of a magnet that drops greater at the center compared to the edge.
vertically into a solenoid is much smaller than
the gravitational acceleration. Explain the  The direction of the magnetic field on the
statement. left coil is anti clockwise
 The direction of the magnetic field on the
 Magnetic flux change in the solenoid right coil is clockwise
 Induced current generates in the solenoid
 Direction of induced current always flows
in the direction to generate magnetic pole
to oppose the pole of the falling magnet.
 Therefore, acceleration is lower
60. Explain how the electromagnet crane can

be used to lift scrap metal.
 As the result the magnetic fields in the
 Current flow through the solenoid, middle of the coil are in the same
magnetic field is produced direction, ie upward.
 Soft iron core will be magnetized  So the magnetic field will be stronger in
 The scrap metal attracted to the iron core the middle.
 No current flow soft iron demagnetized or
metal scrap fall down
 The movement of the armature breaks the
63. Using the concept of the magnetic effect of circuit and causes the electromagnet to
an electric current, explain with the aid of lose it magnetism.
diagrams how forces are produced on a wire  The light spring pulls the armature back,
in the coil of direct current electric motor? remaking the contact and completing the
circuit again.
 The (magnadur) magnets produce a  The cycle is repeated so long as the bell
magnetic field / diagram push is pressed and continuous ringing
 The current in the wire produces a occurs.
magnetic field / diagram
 The two magnetic fields interact/combine CHAPTER 9
to form a resultant / catapult field /
diagram 67. Explain how the green shadow produced
 The motor will rotate due to the in the CRO screen?
differences of force produce//turning effect
from this two forces  6V heater supply produced electron on it
surface
  When 3 kV power supply are connected
S N Cathode rays/electron acceleratel in a
straight line.
 Cathode rays carry kinetic energy and
 converts to light energy when they hit the
screen .
64. Explain how the generator works to

produce direct current.
 rotate the coil in clock wise direction

 the coil cut across the magnetic field
 current is induced in the coil
 the commutator change the direction in
the coil so that the direction of current in
external circuit always the same. 68. Explain why the bulb light up at night
65. Explain the working principle of a
 At night resistance LDR increases
transformer.
 VBE increases (higher than 0.7 V for
Si)
 When a.c. voltage is supplied to primary
 Ib increases and switch on transistor
coil, (alternating current will flow) and
 Ic, increases and lights up bulb
 the soft iron core is magnetized.
 The magnet produced varies in magnitude
and direction.
CHAPTER 10
 This causes a changing magnetic flux pass
through the secondary coil. 69. Radioisotope Strontium-90 is used to
 An induced e.m.f. across the secondary measure the thickness of paper in a paper
coil is produced industry Explain how Strontium-90 is used
to measure the thickness piece of paper?
66. Explain the working principle of an  Put the radioactive source opposite the
electric bell. detector
 Detector is connected to the thickness
 When the bell is pressed, a current flows in indicator
the coils of the electromagnet, causing the
 Detector detect the reading of the changes
electromagnet to be magnetized.
in counts
 The magnetized electromagnet attracts the
 Thickness is measured with the thickness
soft-iron armature, causing the hammer to
indicator
strike the gong.
 If the reading of the detector is less than
the specified value, the thickness of the  Zarah α mengionkan molekul-molekul
paper udara
 is too tick/ vice versa  Wap lampau tepu memeluwap pada ion-
ion yang terbentuk
70. Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.  Runut tebal disebabkan kuasa pengionan
Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a zarah alfa adalah tinggi//zarah alfa
nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235. menghasilkan banyak ion.
 Runut lurus kerana zarah alfa mempunyai
jisim yang lebih tinggi
 Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus
and produced three neutral neutron 72. Explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect
 The new neutron bombarded a new the location of the leakage
uranium nucleus
 For every reaction, the neutrons produced  Radioisotope is injected into the pipe
will generate a chain reaction  The water in the pipe flow with the
 Diagram of chain reaction radioisotope
 G-M tube as detector is used to find the
71. Runut alfa yang diperhatikan di dalam leakage across the pipe
kebuk awan resapan adalah lurus dan tebal.  Reading on detector increases when near a
Jelaskan bagaimanakah runut alfa terbentuk leakage
dan mengapakah runut itu tebal dan lurus.
LAMPIRAN 4
KNOWLEDGE/DEFINATION
BAB ITEM DEFINATION
Derived quantity (Kuantiti A physical quantity derived from combinations of base quantities through
1
terbitan) multiplication or division or both multiplication and division.
1 Error (Ralat) The difference between the measured value and the actual value.
A statement of an expected outcome that usually states the relationship between
1 Hypothesis (Hipotesis)
two or more variables intended to be given a direct experimental test.
1 Inference (Inferens) An initial interpretation or explanation concerning the observation.
Physical quantity (Kuantiti
1 A quantity that can be measured.
fizik)
A word, letter or value used to simplify the description of the magnitude of a
1 Prefix (Imbuhan)
physical quantity that either very big or very small.
Random error (Ralat Error due to mistakes made when making measurement either through incorrect
1
rawak) positioning of the eye or the instrument when making measurement.
Scalar quantity (Kuantiti
1 A physical quantity that has magnitude only.
skalar)
Scientific
A way to write a numerical magnitude in the form A x 10", where 1 A < 10 and n is
1 notation/Standard form
an integer.
(Bentuk piawai)
The ability of a measuring instrument to detect a small change in the quantity to
1 Sensitivity (Kepekaan)
be measured.
Systematic error (Ralat
1 An error which may be due to the error in the calibration of an instrument.
sistematik)
A physical quantity that can be varied in an experiment. There are three types of
1 Variable (Pembolehubah)
variables; manipulated variable, responding variable and fixed variable.
Vector quantity (Kuantiti
1 A physical quantity that has magnitude and direction.
vektor)
1 Zero error (Ralat sifar) Error due to non-zero reading when the actual reading should be zero
Accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement made is to the actual
1 Accuracy (Kejituan)
value.
Base quantity (Kuantiti
1 A physical quantity that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities.
asas)
Consistency of an instrument is the ability of the instrument to measure a quantity
1 Consistency (Kepersisan)
with little or no deviation among measurements.
The length of the straight line connecting the two locations, in a specified
2 Displacement (Sesaran)
direction.
2 Distance (Jarak) The total length of the path travelled from one location to another.
2 Efficiency (Kecekapan) The percentage of the input energy that is transformed into useful energy.
Elastic potential energy
2 (Tenaga keupayaan The energy stored in an object when it is extended or compressed by a force.
kenyal)
A property of matter that enables an object to return to its original size and shape
2 Elasticity (Kekenyalan)
when the force that was acting on it is removed.
2 Energy (Tenaga) The capacity of a system to enable it to do work.
The motion when an object is acted upon by a gravitational force in the
2 Free fall (Jatuh bebas)
gravitational field.
Gravitational acceleration
2 The acceleration of an object due to the pull of the gravitational force.
(Pecutan graviti)
Gravitational field (Medan A region in which an object experiences a force due to the gravitational attraction
2
graviti) towards the centre of the Earth.
Gravitational field
The gravitational force acting on a mass of 1 kg placed at a point in the
2 strength (Kekuatan
gravitational field.
medan graviti)
Gravitational potential
2 energy (Tenaga The energy of an object due to its higher position in the gravitational field.
keupayaan graviti)
Hooke's law (Hukum The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force provided the
2
Hooke) elastic limit is not exceeded.
2 Impulse (Impuls) The quantity of impulsive force multiplied by time.
Impulsive force (Daya
2 The rate of change of momentum.
impuls)
The inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to remain at rest or, if
2 Inertia (Inersia)
moving, to continue its uniform motion in a straight line.
Kinetic energy (Tenaga
2 The energy of an object due to its motion.
kinetik)
2 Mass (Jisim) The amount of matter in an object.
2 Momentum (Momentum) The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.
Non-renewable energy
resource (Sumber tenaga
2 An energy resource that cannot be replaced once it has been used.
yang tidak boleh
diperbaharui)
Renewable energy
2 resource (Sumber tenaga An energy resource that is continually replaced and will not run out.
boleh diperbaharui)
Resultant force (Daya A single force that represents the combined effect of two or more forces by taking
2
paduan) into account both the magnitude and the direction of the forces.
The distance travelled per unit time. It is also defined as the rate of change of
2 Speed (Laju)
distance.
2 Velocity (Halaju) The speed in specified direction. The rate of change of displacement.
2 Weight (Berat) The force of gravity acting on an object.
The product of an applied force and displacement of an object in the direction of
2 Work (Kerja)
the applied force.
2 Acceleration (Pecutan) The rate of change of velocity.
Pascal's principle (Prinsip Pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is transmitted uniformly to every part of the
3 Pascal) liquid and to the walls of the container of the liquid.
The magnitude of the force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area of the
3 Pressure (Tekanan)
surface.
Archimedes' principle For a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, the upward buoyant force acting
3
(Prinsip Archimedes) on the body is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Atmospheric pressure The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth as well as all
3
(Tekanan atmosfera) objects on the Earth.
Bernoulli's principle Where the speed of a fluid is high, the pressure is low, and where the speed is
3
(Prinsip Bernoulli) low, the pressure is high.
Buoyant force (Daya An upward force, resulting from an object being wholly or partially immersed in a
3
apungan) fluid.
Heat capacity (Muatan The amount of heat that must be supplied to a body to increase its temperature by
4
haba) 1°C.
Latent heat (Haba The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a change
4
pendam) of phase.
4 Melting point (Takat lebur) The temperature at which a substance changes its state from a solid to a liquid.
Pressure law (Hukum For a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its
4
tekanan) absolute temperature when its volume is kept constant.
4 Specific heat capacity The amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1°C for
(Muatan haba tentu) a mass of 1 kg of the substance.
Specific latent heat of
The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from the solid to liquid
4 fusion (Haba pendam
phase without a change in temperature.
tentu pelakuran)
Specific latent heat of
vaporisation (Haba The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from the liquid to
4
pendam tentu gaseous phase without a change in temperature.
pengewapan)
4 Temperature (Suhu) The measure of the degree of hotness of an object.
Thermal equilibrium A condition where two objects in thermal contact have no net transfer of heat
4
(Keseimbangan terma) energy between each other.
Thermometer
4 An instrument that measures temperature or the degree of hotness.
(Termometer)
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gaseous state,
4 Boiling point (Takat didih)
where the change occurs throughout the liquid.
For a fixed mass of gas, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its
4 Boyle's law (Hukum Boyle)
volume when the temperature is kept constant.
Charles' law (Hukum For a fixed mass of gas, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its
4
Charles) absolute temperature when its pressure is kept constant.
5 Focal length (Jarak fokus) The distance between the centre of a lens to its focal point.
A common point on a principle axis at which beams of light parallel to the axis
5 Focal point (Titik folcus) converge after passing through a convex lens or appear to diverge from it after
passing through a concave lens.
Interference of waves The result of the combination of two separate sets of waves with the same
5
(Interferens gelombang) frequency.
Longitudinal wave A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in the direction parallel to
5 (Gelombang membujur) the direction in which the wave moves.
5 Period (Tempoh) The period of an oscillation is the time taken to complete one oscillation.
5 Real depth (Dalam nyata) The distance of the real object, 0 from the surface of the water or medium.
5 Real image (Imej nyata) An image that can be displayed on a screen.
Refraction of light The bending of a light ray at the boundary as it travels from one medium to
5
(Pembiasan cahaya) another.
An oscillating system is said to be at resonance when it is driven at its natural
5 Resonance (Resonans) frequency by a periodic force. Maximum energy transfer to the system occurs and
it oscillates at large amplitude.
The condition where the angle of incidence, i is increased further so that it is
Total internal reflection
5 greater than the critical angle, c. The light is no longer refracted but is internally
(Pantulan dalam penuh)
reflected.
Transverse wave A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in the direction
5
(Gelombang melintang) perpendicular to the direction in which the wave moves.
5 Virtual image (Imej maya) An image that can be seen by the observer but not be displayed on a screen.
Angle of incidence (Sudut
5 The angle between the incident ray and the normal.
tuju)
Angle of reflection (Sudut
5 The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.
pantulan)
Apparent depth (Dalam
5 The distance of the virtual image, I from the surface of the water.
ketara)
Concave lens (Kanta A lens that is thinnest at its centre. It causes parallel rays of light to diverge after
5
cekung) passing through this lens.
Convex lens (Kanta A lens that is thickest at its centre. It causes parallel rays of light to converge after
5
cembung) passing through this lens.
Critical angle (Sudut The angle of incidence in the denser medium when the angle of refraction in the
5
genting) less dense medium is equal to 90°.
Diffraction of waves A phenomenon that refers to the spreading out of waves when they move through
6
(Belauan gelombang) a gap or round an obstacle.
A group of waves with similar natures. The members of the electromagnetic
Electromagnetic
spectrum arranged in increasing frequencies (decreasing wavelengths) are radio
6 spectrum (Spektrum
waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma
elektromagnet)
rays.
The frequency of an oscillation is the number of complete oscillations made in one
6 Frequency (Frekuensi)
second.
6 Node (Nod) A point where a destructive interference occurs.
Principle of superposition states that at any time, the combined wave form of two
Principle of superposition
6 or more interfering waves is given by the sum of displacement of the individual
(Prinsip superposisi)
wave at each point of the medium.
Reflection of waves Reflection of waves occurs when all or part of the waves are deflected after they
6
(Pantualan gelombang) encounter an obstacle or reflector.
Refraction of waves Refraction of waves occurs when there is change of direction of the propagation
6
(Pembiasan gelombang) of waves travelling from a medium to another medium due to a change of speed.
A travelling disturbance from a vibrating or oscillating source and carries energy
6 Wave (Gelombang)
along with it in the direction of its propagation.
Wavefront (Muka
6 An imaginary line that joins all identical points on a wave.
gelombang)
Wavelength (Panjang
6 The horizontal distance between two successive equivalent points on a wave.
gelombang)
The amplitude of an oscillation is the maximum displacement from the mean
6 Amplitude (Amplitud)
position.
Angle of refraction (Sudut
6 The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.
pembiasan)
6 Antinode (Antinod) A point where a constructive interference occurs.
Coherent waves Waves having the same wavefront in which the coherent sources of waves
6
(Gelombang koheren) maintain a constant phase difference.
Damping in an oscillating system occurs when the system loses energy to the
6 Damping (Pelembapan)
surrounding, usually in the form of heat energy.
Electric current (Arus
7 The rate of charge flow in a circuit.
elektrik)
Electric field (Medan
7 A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force.
elektrik)
Electric power (Kuasa
7 The rate of electrical energy dissipated or transferred.
elektrik)
Electrical energy (Tenaga The energy carried by electrical charges which can be transformed to other forms
7
elektrik) of energy by the operation of an electrical device or appliance.
Electromotive force
7 The work done by a source in driving a unit charge around a complete circuit.
(Daya gerak elektrik)
Internal resistance
7 The resistance against the moving charge due to the electrolyte in the cell.
(Rintangan dalam)
National Grid Network A network system of cables which connects all the power stations and substations
7
(Rangkaian Grid Nasional) in the country to the consumers in a closed network to transmit electricity.
A circuit where all the electrical components are connected side by side and their
7 Parallel circuit (Litar selari) corresponding ends are joined together to a cell to form separate and parallel
paths for a current to flow.
Potential difference (Beza
7 The work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another.
keupayaan)
7 Power (Kuasa) The rate at which work is done.
7 Resistance (Rintangan) The ratio of a potential difference to a current flowing through a conductor.
Reverse biased (Pincang
7 A state when a diode does not allow current to flow
songsang)
A circuit where all the electrical components are connected one end after the
7 Series circuit (Litar sesiri)
other to a cell to form a single pathway for a current to flow.
Alternating current (Arus A current which flows to and fro in two opposite directions in a circuit. It changes
7
ulangalik) its direction periodically.
Electromagnet A magnet made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft iron core, so that a
8
(Elektromagnet) magnetic field is produced when a current is passed through the coil.
Electromagnetic
The setting up of an electromotive force in a conductor due to a change in
8 induction (Aruhan
magnetic flux caused by the relative motion of the conductor and a magnetic field.
electromagnet)
Faraday's law (Hukum The magnitude of the induced e.m.f, is directly proportional to the rate of change
8
Faraday) of the magnetic flux or the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux.
The direction of the induced current is such that the change producing it will be
8 Lenz's law (Hukum Lenz)
opposed.
Magnetic force (Daya A force produced as a result of the combination of the magnetic field due to a
8
magnet) current and another magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet.
8 Transformer (Transformer) A device which steps up or steps down alternating current voltages.
9 Diode (Diod) A device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
9 Direct current (Arus terus) A current which flows steadily in one direction only in a circuit.
A process of adding a certain amount of specific impurities called dopants to
9 Doping (Pengedopan)
semiconductors to increase their conductivity.
Emitter current (Arus The current that flows through the emitter terminal of a transistor. It is equal to the
9
pengeluar) sum of the base current and the collector current.
Forward biased (Pincang
9 A state when a diode allows current to flow.
hadapan)
Full-wave rectification
A process where both halves of every cycle of an alternating current is made to
9 (Rektfikasi gelombang
flow in the same direction.
penuh)
Half-wave rectification
A process where only one half of every cycle of an alternating current is made to flow in
9 (Rektifikasi gelombang
one direction only.
separuh)
9 Logic gate (Get logik) Switching circuit that is applied in computers and other electronic devices.
Maltese Cross tube (Tiub A special cathode ray tube with a Maltese Cross in it which is used to investigate
9
palang Maltese) the properties of cathode rays.
A process to convert an alternating current into a direct current by using a diode
9 Rectification (Rekfifikasi)
or diodes.
Semiconductor A material which can conduct electricity better than insulator, but not as well as
9
(Semikonduktor) conductor.
Thermionic emission
9 The emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal.
(Pancaran termionik)
An electronic device which has three terminals labelled as base, collector and
9 Transistor (Transistor)
emitter.
9 Base current (Arus tapak) The current that flows through the base terminal of a transistor.
A device used for storing charges and to smooth out output current in a rectifier
9 Capacitor (Kapasitor)
circuit.
Collector current (Arus The current that flows through the collector terminal of a transistor. It will only flow
9
pengumpul) when a suitable base current flows through the circuit.
Gamma decay (Reputan
10 A radioactive decay which emits a gamma ray photon.
gama)
10 Gamma rays (Sinar gama) Electromagnetic waves with very high frequency and short wavelength.
Genetic effect (Kesan The effect of radiation that appears in the future generations of the exposed
10
genetik) person as a result of radiation damage to reproductive cells.
The time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei to be reduced to half of its
10 Half-life (Setengah hayat)
original number.
Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but different nucleon
10 Isotopes (Isotop)
numbers.
Nuclear energy (Tenaga
10 Energy released by a nuclear reaction as a result of a mass defect.
nuklear)
Nuclear fission
10 The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei.
(Pembelahan nukleus)
Nuclear fusion (Pelakuran
10 The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
nukleus)
10 Nucleon (Nukleon) A subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
Nucleon number (Nombor
10 The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
nukleon)
A very small core of an atom which contains most of the mass and all of the
10 Nucleus (Nukleus)
positive charge of the atom.
Proton number (Nombor
The total number of protons in a nucleus.
10 proton)
Radioactivity The spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the
10
(Keradioaktifan) emission of energetic particles or photons.
10 Radioisotope (Radioisotop) Unstable isotopes which decay and give out radioactive emissions.
Somatic effect (Kesan
10 The effect of radiation that appears in a person exposed to radiation.
somatik)
10 Alpha decay (Reputan alfa) A radioactive decay which emits an alpha particle.
10 Alpha particle (Zarah alfa) Helium nucleus emitted by an unstable nucleus.
10 Beta decay (Reputan beta) A radioactive decay which emits a beta particle.
10 Beta particle (Zarah beta) High energy electron emitted by an unstable nucleus.
10 Cathode rays (Sinar katod) A beam of negatively charged electrons that move at high speeds.
Cathode ray oscilloscope
10 An instrument that converts electronic and electrical signals to a visual display.
(Osiloskop sinar katod)
Chain reaction (Tindak A self-sustaining reaction in which the products of a reaction can initiate another
10
balas berantai) similar reaction.

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7th Tips Physics SPM Success Modul Teknik Menjawab Kertas 2 Dan 3

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2011

Modul ini mengandungi 2 bahagian

What is construct? (Apakah Konstruk?)

BIL CONSTRUCT SCOPE CONSTRUCT

1 Knowledge(Pengetahuan) Facts, Concept, Principle, Theory, Law

Translation, Interpretation, Extrapolation

Problem Solving By using qualitative and quantitative

Conceptualized Based on common characteristics (Ciri Sepunya)

Decision Making) Based on specific criteria

ITEM KERTAS 1 KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3

Type of Instrumen Objectives SUBJECTIVE Written experiment

BIL TOPIC (TINGKATAN 4) RATING CATATAN

11 4.3 Specific Latent Heat X

12 4.4 The Gas Laws XXX

Konstruk yang diuji dalam bahagian B adalah seperti di bawah:

QUESTION NO. ELEMENT/CONSTRUCT MARKS

1. What is meant by elasticity?

2. What is meant by electromagnet?

3. What is meant by refraction?

4. What is meant by thermal equilibrium?

5. State one factor that affect the pressure in liquid.

DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2

Diagram 10.1 Diagram 10.2

Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2

2. Explain how the generator works to produce alternating current.

3. Explain why the roof of a house being lifted by strong winds.

- density of motorcycle parts

(i) – to absob the shock

Low density of motorcycle part Lighter

- Menulis maklumat dlm btk simbol + unit S.I/gariskan…

2 Menghitung jisim, m, dengan betul

4 Gantian dalam rumus yang betul

5 Jawapan dengan unit yang betul

LATIHAN [APPLICATION (quantitaive)]

1. Diagram 12.3 shows a manometer with arms of different

(i) What is the output voltage of the transformer?

1. Mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang diberikan.

LATIHAN [DECISION MAKING]

Water storage tank

Height from the

Contoh Soalan Menkonsepsi - Terengganu 2010

(a) State the polarity at X. Nyatakan kutub di X.

(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).

Filament bulb 240 V. 75W Filament bulb 240 V. 20W

Construct- Problem Solving (Experementing)-40 markah

Trial Selangor 2009

(a) For the experiment described above, identify

(e) The experiment is repeated using thicker constantan wire.

(ii) Give a reason for your answer.

(i) The manipulated variable

Trial Selangor 2009

b) Calculate the gradient of the graph.

LATIHAN 1- Midterm T5 SBP 2011

pressure P is determined using the formula :

P atm = ………………………………........ [2 marks]

 = 0.012 k where k is the gradient of the graph P against h

(ii) Determine the density of liquid, 

Tentukan ketumpatan bagi cecair, = ………………………….... kgm-3

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2;

Contoh Soalan No 3/4-Section B-12 markah

Item Catatan Markah

CONTOH SOALAN DAN JAWAPAN.

Based on the information and observation above :