English and Literature Material for X, 2nd Semester

PROVERBS

a. Definition of Proverbs
Di Indonesia Proverbs dikenal sebagai pepatah. Ada beberapa definisi dari Proverbs
sebagai berikut :
o “a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice.”
o “a brief, simple, and popular saying, or a phrase that gives advice and effectively
embodies a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense."
o “a person or thing that has become commonly recognized as a type of specified
characteristics; byword”
o “a short, memorable, and often highly condensed saying embodying, especially with
bold imagery, some commonplace fact or experience”

dari beberapa pendapat pakar di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Proverbs merupakan
ungkapan singkat yang populer tentang bagaimana orang harus berperilaku, dan umumnya
disepakati atau disetujui oleh orang kebanyakan.

Kata Proverbs diambil dari Bahasa Latin yaitu Proverbsium. Proverbs kerap diucapkan
berulang-ulang, karena dianggap benar terkait dengan logika sederhana atau pengalaman
yang kerap dirasakan. Sifatnya metaphor, sehingga apa yang diucapkan tidak bermakna
literal melainkan ada makna yang lebih dari itu.

b. Kinds of Proverbs
1) Aphorism (pepatah). Proverbs yang berisikan nasehat
contoh: Don’t go too far in small. (persoalan kecil jangan dibesar-besarkan)
2) Parable (Perumpamaan). Proverbs yang memiliki pesan moral dan perumpamaan
contoh: To carry coals to Newcastle (Bagai membuang garam ke laut)
3) Slogan (pemeo). Proverbs yang memberikan motivasi atau dorongan
contoh: Diligence is the mistress of success (rajin pangkal sukses)
4) Idiom. Proverbs artinya tidak dapat ditebak dari arti kata-kata penyusunnya secara
terpisah.
contoh: Pull your sock up (improve your behavior)

c. Structure of Proverbs
Biasanya Proverbs berasal dari kelompok yang memiliki struktur yang sama
- Opposite parallel
- Similiar parallel
- Single statement
- Statement with an explanation
- Comparison
- Descriptive list
- Use of clause or instruction

d. Characteristics of Proverbs
Berikut ini merupakan karekteristik dari Proverbs:
- Proverbs can be as short as two words. In addition, the full forms of popular longer
Proverbs are often replaced by elliptical allusions. Yaitu minimal terdiri dari dua kata
dan dapat menggunakan Bahasa kiasan.

by: Goena-One
 English and Literature Material for X, 2nd Semester

- Proverbs use prosodic devices that enhance their memorability, especially rhyme,
alliteration, parallelism, as ellipsis. Maksudnya digunakan dengan cara diucapkan
sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya.
- Proverbs often use simple rhetorical devices, metaphor, hyperbole, paradox, and
personification. Biasanya Proverbs menggunakan bentuk yang sederhana, metafora,
hiperbola, paradoks, dan personifikasi.

e. Social Functions of Proverbs

- Proverbs have a function to teaching, enlightening, and persuading people. Proverbs
play many roles in society. The most common role is to educate on what might happen
if they do something. A Proverbs contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views.
- Proverbs has been and remains a most powerful and effective instrument for the
transmission of culture, social morality, manner, and ideas of a people from one
generation to another. The Proverbs deal with knowledge, experience, hard work, and
human relations.
- Proverbs and proverbial sayings have for centuries been equally popular with all
nations, despite their regional diversities, and clearly, for the impact the have made.
- Proverbs can be used to teach people, give them some advice, help in difficult
situations, show people what the most important things in life, and show the proper way
in life.
- Proverbs are very often used in personal interaction.
- Proverbs can also be used mock someone or criticize.

Seperti penjelasan di atas bahwa Proverbs memiliki fungsi sosial untuk mengajarkan,
mencerdaskan, dan membujuk orang karena proverbs berisi kebijaksanaan, kebenaran,
moral, dan pandangan tradisional sehingga dapat merubah suatu budaya, nilai moral, cara
dan ide-ide dari satu generasi ke generasi lainnya. Proverbs berhubungan dengan
pengetahuan, pengalaman, kerja keras, dan hubungan manusia dan dikenal di semua
negara, terlepas dari keragaman regionalnya, dan juga, karena dampak yang
ditimbulkannya. Sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membantu orang dalam menyelesaikan
suatu masalah dan lebih sering digunakan dalam interaksi pribadi. Selain itu Proverbs juga
bisa digunakan mengejek seseorang atau mengkritik.

by: Goena-One
 English and Literature Material for X, 2nd Semester

RIDDLE

a. Definition of Riddle
- A riddle is a type of poetry that describes something without actually naming what it
is, leaving the reader to guess.
- Riddles are questions or statements that offer a puzzle to be solved. They often involve
critical thinking on the reader’s part in order to figure out the answer, and this offers
challenging entertainment.

Dari pengertian di atas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa riddle merupakan teka-teki yang
memberikan tantangan dan membutuhkan pemikiran kritis agar dapat dipecahkan. Riddle
dapat juga berupa humor/ candaan yang dibuat untuk menunjukkan tingkat kecerdasan
melalui kemampuan dalam membuat atau memecahkan pertanyaan yang menantang
tersebut secara akurat.

b. Structure of Riddle
Riddle have no form set. Riddles can be a question with a quick witty answer. They can
be just a sentence that makes you have a sudden realization. So, lebih mudah karena tidak
ada bentuk resminya.

c. Characteristic of Riddle
A riddle is a verbal puzzle, an enigmatic statement, description. Bagian ini sudah
jelaskan???

d. Social Function of Riddle

A riddle is a statement, question, or phrase that has a double meaning. It is an amusing
game for children and adults. Today riddle isn’t used as much as they were in ancient
times, but they remain a definite way to get your mind working.
- When someone uses a riddle, it can be a thought provoking challenge to figure it out
on your own, or it can be a funny comment that makes you laugh. Riddles can be
great brain busters or conversation starters to get you think. Riddle games have been
played since times, and are still being played today.
- Riddles have significant roles. They include roles that may be described as cultural,
educative, intellectual, ideological, cosmological, and political. Riddles teach logic
about the social and cultural environment, social norms, history, biology, and much
more.
- Riddles can help in memory training for children as they are expected and encourage
to remember the correct answers to the riddles. Riddles also can help to introduce a
variety of vocabularies. They also provide opportunities to play phonetic,
grammatical, morphological, and semantic games as they exhibit a variety of
linguistic expressions and structure.

Jadi Riddle telah dimainkan sejak zamannya hingga saat ini dan memiliki peran sebagai
bagian dari budaya, edukatif, intelektual, ideologis, kosmologis, dan politik yang
mengajarkan logika tentang lingkungan sosial dan budaya, norma sosial, sejarah, biologi,
dan banyak lagi. Riddle juga dapat membantu memperkenalkan berbagai kosa kata.
Mereka juga memberikan kesempatan untuk memainkan permainan fonetis, gramatikal,
morfologis, dan semantik karena mereka menunjukkan berbagai ekspresi dan struktur
linguistik. Jadi intinya, Riddle memiliki peran dalam pendidikan masyarakat dan dalam
pengembangan pemikiran analitis terletak fakta bahwa jawaban atas teka-teki tersebut

by: Goena-One
 English and Literature Material for X, 2nd Semester

sudah diketahui oleh audiens, atau pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh satu orang ke orang lain,
atau kepada kelompok, yang memiliki untuk menebak jawabannya.

Example of riddle
1. I go in hard. I come out soft. You blow me hard. What am I?
2. Which vehicle is spelled the same fowards and backwards?
3. What is black when you buy it, red when you use it, and gray when you throw it
away?

The Answer:
1. Gum
2. Race car
3. Charcoal

by: Goena-One