1. Pendahuluan
Klorobenzena merupakan suatu senyawa turunan benzena yang memiliki
rumus C5H6Cl(1). Benzena yang kehilangan satu atom H disebut vinil (C6H5-),
sehingga klorobenzena dapat juga disebut vinilklorida. Klorobenzena merupakan
suatu senyawa yang tidak berwarna atau disebut juga colorless serta merupakan
senyawa yang mudah terbakar(2; 3;4).
Klorobenzena banyak digunakan dalam banyak bidang salah satunya
dibidang pertanian. Pestisida yang banyak digunakan oleh para petani kebanyakan
mengandung senyawa klorobenzena seperti DDT. Namun penggunan dari DDT
ini telah dilarang diseluruh dunia karena sifatnya yang sangat beracun bagi
tubuh(5;6).
Senyawa klorobenzena ini juga telah banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan
fenol (C6H5OH). Saat ini, klorobenzena digunakan sebagai produk antara pada
pembuatan nitroklorobenzena dan difeniloksida. Nitroklorobenzena dan
difeniloksida merupakan bahan baku pembuatan herbisida, zat warna dan karet.
Klorobenzena juga digunakan sebagai pelarut dalam kimia organik, diantaranya
sebagai pelarut cat(7;8).
Penulisan resume ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi molekuler dari
klorobenzena dengan menggunakan aplikasi ChemOffice 15.0. Serta untuk
mengetahui sifat fisika dan sifat kimianya selain itu juga digunakan untuk
mengetahui bahaya bagi manusia jika terhirup atau terkena klorobenzena(9;10).
2. Metodologi
2.1. Alat dan Bahan
Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penulisan resume kali ini
menggunakan software berupa ChemOffice 15.0, snipping tool, laptop merk aspire
one 756 dan beberapa alat tulis seperti buku, pensil dan pulpen.
2.2. Prosedural
Penulisan resume kali ini menggunakan metode penggambaran molekul
dengan aplikasi ChemOffice 15.0. Untuk analisis lanjut mengenai Klorobenzena
(C6H5Cl) dilakukan beberapa tahapan sesuai yang tertera pada fishbone dibawah
ini.
Penulisan dilakukan dengan tahap, diantaranya analisis molekul C6H5Cl
secara dua dimensi dengan menggunakan ChemDraw 2D, dan analisis molekul
C6H5Cl secara tiga dimensi menggunakan Chem3D.
1. Menghitung MM2 dari masing – masing molekul yang terdiri atas MM2
minimization, MM2 dynamics dan MM2 propertis. Langkahnya dengan klik
pada menu calculation, pilih MM2 minimization kemudian klik minize
energy lalu klik run. Dengan langkah yang sama dilakukan untuk
menentukan molecular dynamics dan compute properties.
2. Analisis surface molekul, diantaranya Surface Solvent Accesible dengan tipe
solid, wire mesh dan tranculent. Kemudian Surface Connolly Molecular
dengan tipe solid, wire mesh dan tranculent.
3. Menghitung nilai MOPAC dari masing – masing molekul yang terdiri dari
MOPAC minimization dan MOPAC properties. Caranya dengan pilih
MOPAC, kemudian pilih MOPAC minization kemudian pilih run. Dengan
cara yang sama untuk menentukan MOPAC properties.
4. Analisis jarak antara masing – masing atom, molekul dengan pilih bagian
structure, kemuadian pilih measurement.
Sifat Fisika Molekuler
Hidrogen Zat Pewarna Massa Molar Mobilitas Ion Bentuk dan Struktur
(41;42) (43:44) (46;47) (48)
(49)
Viskositas (59)
Cloro (55) Titik Leleh (58)
Bau (57)
Cat (56)
Entropi Molar
Ikatan Ion Standar (67)
(70) (68)
Fenol
Difeniloksida
(69)
Sifat
Rumus kimia C5H6Cl
Bentuk Cairan berminyak tidak berwarna
Berat molekul 112 gram/mol
Titik didih 1310C
Titi lebur -45,20C
Spesifik gravity 1,106
Densitas 1,106 gram/ml
Viskositas 4,6 Cp (200C)
Temperatur Kritis 359,20C
Larut dalam Eter, kloroform, benzena dan alkohol
Tidak larut dalam Air
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Gambar 3. Analisis 3D Surface C5H6Cl. (a), (b), (c), dan (d) Solvent
Accessible Molekul C5H6Cl Mode Solid, Wire Mesh, Dots dan
Translucent. (Chemoffice 3D Version 15, Perkinelmer
Informatic. Inc, 2015)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0.002 10.051 ± 0.000 8.511 ± 0.000 43.05 ± 0.00
2 0.004 10.082 ± 0.000 5.067 ± 0.000 140.21 ± 0.00
3 0.006 10.079 ± 0.000 1.690 ± 0.000 234.54 ± 0.00
4 0.008 10.165 ± 0.000 0.345 ± 0.000 274.55 ± 0.00
5 0.010 10.267 ± 0.000 2.612 ± 0.000 214.02 ± 0.00
6 0.012 10.314 ± 0.000 6.672 ± 0.000 101.82 ± 0.00
7 0.014 10.319 ± 0.000 9.295 ± 0.000 28.63 ± 0.00
8 0.016 10.283 ± 0.000 8.475 ± 0.000 50.53 ± 0.00
9 0.018 10.237 ± 0.000 4.493 ± 0.000 160.59 ± 0.00
10 0.020 10.305 ± 0.000 1.127 ± 0.000 256.61 ± 0.00
11 0.022 10.345 ± 0.000 1.011 ± 0.000 260.95 ± 0.00
12 0.024 10.361 ± 0.000 3.710 ± 0.000 185.93 ± 0.00
13 0.026 10.373 ± 0.000 7.376 ± 0.000 83.78 ± 0.00
14 0.028 10.327 ± 0.000 9.146 ± 0.000 33.01 ± 0.00
15 0.030 10.297 ± 0.000 7.989 ± 0.000 64.53 ± 0.00
------------MM2 Properties------------
Pi System : 4 3 2 1 5 6
Warning : Some parameters are guessed (Quality = 1).
Stretch : 12.3626
Bend : 0.0346
Stretch-Bend : 0.0418
Torsion : -5.5800
Non-1,4 VDW : -0.4640
1,4 VDW : 3.7021
Total Energy : 10.0971 kcal/mol
3.4. Aplikasi
3.4.1. Penggunaan dalam sintesis organik
Klorobenzena digunakan sebagai pelarut seperti pelarut cat, agen degreasing
dan berfungsi sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi berbagai senyawa yang sangat
berguna. Klorobenzena digunakan dalam sintesis insektisida DDT, yang saat ini
tidak digunakan karena toksisitasnya (bersifat racun) terhadap manusia(30;31;32).
Meskipun pada tingkat yang lebih rendah, klorobenzena digunakan dalam sintesis
fenol. Suatu senyawa yang memiliki aksi fungisida, bakterisida, insektisida,
antiseptik dan juga digunakan dalam produksi agrokimia, serta dalam proses
pembuatan asam asetilsalisilat(33).
Campur tangan dalam pembuatan diisocyanate, agen degreasing suku
cabang mobil. Klorobenzena digunakan untuk memperoleh p-nitrochlorobenzene
dan 2,4-dinitrochlorobemzene. Klorobenzena juga digunakan dalam sintesis
senyawa triphenylphosphine, thiophenol dan phenylsilane dan masih banyak lagi
kegunaan lainnya(34;35).
3.4.2. Penggunaan untuk sintesis pelarut organik
Klorobenzena juga digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk persiapan pelarut
yang digunakan dalam reaksi sintesis senyawa organik. Seperti methylene
diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) dan urethane(36;37). MDI melakukan intervensi dalam
sintesis poliuretan, yang memenuhi berbagai fungsi dalam pembuatan produk
untuk konstruksi, lemari es, dan freezer, furnitur untuk tempat tidur, alas kaki,
mobil, pelapis dan perekat. Uretan adalah bahan baku untuk produksi bahan
pembantu pertanian, cat, tinta dan larutan pembersih untuk digunakan dalam
elektronik(38;39;40).
4. Kesimpulan
Senyawa klorobenzena merupakan suatu senyawa turunan benzena yang
bersifat toxic atau beracun. Atom – atom penyususn molekul klorobenzena yaitu
C, H, dan Cl. Molekul klorobenzena adalah polar, karena elektronegatifitas klorin
yang sangat besar dalam kaitannya dengan atom karbon yang bergabung
dengannya.
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