Part I
Disebarluaskan melalui:
Website:
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e-Mail: redaksi@raudhatulmuhibbin.org
Segala Puji bagi Allah, shalawat dan salam semoga tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad ,
keluarganya, para sahabatnya, dan orang-orang yang mengikut mereka hingga hari
kiamat. Amma ba’du.
Buku Panduan ini merupakan bahan penyerta dari buku Durus al-Lughat-al-Arabiyyah
Li Ghairi Natiqina Biha jilid 1, yang berisi penjelasan kaidah-kaidah Bahasa Arab yang
digunakan pada bacaan dan latiahn pada setiap Bab Pelajaran. Buku Durus Lughah
beserta panduannya ini dapat anda gunakan untuk belajar Bahasa Arab secara individu,
meskipun tentu saja belajar dengan seorang guru akan jauh lebih baik.
Agar penggunaan buku Durusul Lughah lebih efektif, berikut beberapa tips yang dapat
anda lakukan:
1. Membaca terlebih dahulu percakapan atau bahan bacaan pada setiap bab pelajaran..
2. Mempelajari kaidah-kaidah yang digunakan dengan merujuk kepada Panduan,
kemudian menganalisa pola penggunaan tata bahasa (gramatical analysis) dalam
bacaan berdasarkan kaidah yang telah dipelajari.
3. Mengerjakan setiap latihan. Disarankan untuk memiliki kunci jawaban untuk
mengecek pemahaman terhadapa setiap pembahasan, yang dapat diketahui dengan
melihat jumlah dan jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan dalam setiap latihan.
Jazakumullah khairan kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu terealisasinya buku
Panduan ini. Semoga Allah menjadikannya, bagi kami dan antum, sebagai tabungan di
akhirat kelak.
Berbagai kritik maupun saran untuk perbaikan Panduan ini sangat kami hargai, yang
dapat anda sampaikan melalui redaksi@raudhatulmuhibbin.org.
14 Februari 2009
I. KATA PENGANTAR 1
II. PENJELASAN TANDA, SIMBOL DAN ISITLAH GRAMATIKAL 2
Pelajaran 1 ……………………………………………………. 5
Pelajaran 2 ……………………………………………………. 6
Pelajaran 3 ……………………………………………………. 7
Pelajaran 4 ……………………………………………………. 10
Pelajaran 5 ……………………………………………………. 14
Pelajaran 6 ……………………………………………………. 16
Pelajaran 7 ……………………………………………………. 18
Pelajaran 8 ……………………………………………………. 19
Pelajaran 9 ……………………………………………………. 21
Pelajaran 10 …………………………………………………... 24
Pelajaran 11 …………………………………………………... 27
Pelajaran 12 …………………………………………………... 29
Pelajaran 13 …………………………………………………... 31
Pelajaran 14 …………………………………………………... 38
Pelajaran 15 …………………………………………………... 41
Pelajaran 16 …………………………………………………... 43
Pelajaran 17 …………………………………………………... 45
Pelajaran 18 …………………………………………………... 46
Pelajaran 19 …………………………………………………... 48
Pelajaran 20 …………………………………………………... 50
Pelajaran 21 …………………………………………………... 52
Pelajaran 22 …………………………………………………... 53
Pelajaran 23 …………………………………………………... 55
1
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Kebutuhan terhadap buku panduan dalam Bahasa Inggris dan bahasa-bahasa lainnya
terhadap buku saya yang berjudul Durus al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah telah lama dirasakan.
Panduan dalam Bahasa Inggris akhirnya dapat terealisasikan, alhamdulillah.
Setiap bab pelajaran meliputi tiga bagian. Pada bagian pertama menjelaskan semua
kaidah-kaidah tata bahasa yang terdapat dalam bab pelajaran. Bagian kedua arti dari
pertanyaan yang terdapat di bagian latihan. Dan bagian ketiga memuat kosa kata.
Semoga dengan hadirnya panduan ini, akan memberikan manfaat yang besar kepada
pembacanya yang ingin belajar Bahasa Arab sendiri.
Saya akan sangat senang menerima semua masukan dari para pembaca, dan menjawab
pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Saran dan pertanyaan dapat dikirimkan kepada saya c/o. Islamic
Foundation Trust , 78, Perambur High Road, Chennai – 600 012.
Penulis,
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2
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vokal Panjang.
Untuk membentuk huruf vokal panjang, fathah, kasrah dan dhammah ditambahkan
dengan huruf sebagai berikut:
1. Fathah (a), dengan menambahkan alif ا pada huruf yang berharakat fathah. Contoh:
taa jaa baa
2. Kasrah (i), dengan menambahkan ya يpada huruf yang berharakat kasrah. Contoh:
tii jii bii
3. Dhammah (u), dengan menambahkan waw وpada huruf berharakat Dhammah.
Contoh:
tuu juu buu
Dalam buku ini, vokal yang dibaca panjang ditulis dengan dua cara, yaitu
1. aa, ii, uu, atau
2. â, î, û.
Tanda Orthographic
Contoh:
1
Penjelasan pada Bab ini kami masukkan sebagai pengantar yang sebagiannya dinukil dan diringkas dari
buku The Essential Arabic karya Rafi el-Imad Faynan, hal. 15-19, Penerbit: Goodword Books Pvt. Ltd.,
Cetakan tahun 2005.
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3
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
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• Dalam Bahasa Arab, kata benda dan kata sifat/ajektif dapat berupa indefinite
- nakirah (umum) atau definite – ma’rifah (khusus/tertentu).
• Sebagian besar kata benda dan ajektif yang bersifat nakirah berharakat tanwin
pada huruf terakhir. Misalnya
dengan fathah, seperti , kecuali pada kata yang berakhiran ta marbuthoh
. Contoh: .
4. Mad. Tanda yang disebut ‘mad’ adalah tanda yang diletakkan di atas alif jika bunyi
alif dipanjangkan. Contoh penulisan: dan bukan ; dan bukan ditulis
.
1. Dalam Bahasa Arab, kata benda dan kata sifat bisa berbentuk definite / ma’rifah
(tertentu) atau indefinite / nakirah (tak tentu). Sebagian besar kata seperti ‘anak laki-laki
() berharakat tanwin pada huruf terakhir.
2. Kata benda dan kata sifat yang berbentuk ma’rifah diawali dengan partikel al – -
(alif lam) yang disebut
. ‘anak laki-laki (itu)’ .
3. Apabila kata diawali dengan الmaka dia tidak boleh memiliki harakat tanwin di huruf
terakhir. Oleh karena itu adalah ‘seorang anak laki-laki’, sedangkan tanpa
tanwin berarti ‘anak laki-laki itu’ (makusdnya anak laki-laki yang telah diketahui, -pent.)
4. Apabila الdilekatkan di awal sebuah kata yang dimulai dengan huruf-huruf berikut,
maka لpada الtidak dilafalkan, sebaliknya huruf tersebut menjadi syaddah. Keempat
belas huruf tersebut dinamakan Huruf Syamsiyah, yaitu: ! " # $ % &
' ( ) * dan + Contoh:
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4
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(zahratun) ‘sekuntum bunga’ ,- (az-zahratun) ‘sekuntum bunga (itu)’
5. Empat belas huruf lainnya dimana huruf لpada الdilafalkan disebut Huruf
Qamariyah.
Pada buku panduan ini, kami terkadang menggunakan kata di dalam kurung yaitu “(ini)”
atau “(itu)” yang tidak terdapat pada teks asli secara tertulis, namun untuk menunjukkan
bahwa sesuatu yang disebutkan adalah ma’rifah.
Pengharokatan / At Tasykil
1. Dalam bahasa Arab terdapat tiga kasus pengharokatan / at-tasykiil ,./012 atau asy-
syakl ,.301 , yaitu:
Gender
Kata benda atau isim dalam Bahasa Arab dapat berjenis maskulin atau feminin sebagian
besar kata benda yang tidak disetai dengan ta marbutho – – menunjukkan bahwa benda
tersebut maskulin. Sejumlah besar kata benda dan kata sifat dapat dibentuk menjadi
feminin dengan menambahkan akhiran ta marbutho – . Maskulin disebut mudzakkar -
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5
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 1
Catatan:
1. 7 dilafalkan * namun ditulis tanpa alif setelah huruf ha D .
2. Bunyi n pada akhir kata benda bahasa Arab (kitabu-n, baitu-n, masjidu-n) adalah
menunjukkan indefinite article atau isim nakirah dalam bahasa Arab (yakni kata
benda atau isim yang menunjukkan makna umum, yakni belum diketahui
kekhususannya-pent). Bunyi n ini disebut tanwin.
3. Partikel = yang ditempatkan di awal kalimat mengubahnya menjadi bentuk kata tanya.
Contoh:
Ini rumah
/ 7
Apakah ini rumah? <
/ 7 =
Kosa-kata Baru
Rumah
/ Meja
E230 Anak laki-
laki
Keledai
FG
Masjid
@A Tempat
tidur
HI Pelajar
EJ Kuda
8+KG
Pintu
Kursi
LI,6 Laki-laki
8. Unta
8.F
Buku
26 Bintang
>@: Pedagang
Ayam
jantan
MH)
Pulpen
>NO Kemeja
P/FO Anjing
E3N6 Guru
(lk)
!Q
Kunci
R23S Dokter
E/TJ Kucing
8UO Sapu
tangan
8.HV
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6
Sukoon
-ْ ﻥﹲﻜﹸﻮﺳ
shaddah
-ّ ﺓﹲﺪﺷ
at-tanween: ﻳﻦِﻮﻨﺍﻟﺘ
(noon saakinah). The ﻥﹾ is not written but is only pronounced. e.g.
1
7
The Arabic language is made up of ﺎﺕﻛﹶﻠِﻤ (words) and these words are
of three types they are known as:
ﹲﺓﻜِﺮ ﻧis when an ism is indefinite or not specific, it is general i.e., the ism
ﺎﺏ‘ ﻛِﺘa book’ this can be any book from the different types of books.
ٌ ﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌ ﻣis when an ism is definite or specific, it is not general i.e., the ism
ﺎﺏ‘ ﺍﻟﹾﻜِﺘthe book’ or ٍﺪﻤﺤ ﻣﺎﺏ‘ ﻛِﺘMuhammad’s book’, here the book is
a particular book not just any book in general.
An ism in the Arabic language can be ﻰﺜﹶﻨ( ﻣdual) meaning it shows upon
two i.e., the ism ِﺎﻥ ﻃﹶﺎﻟِﺒmeans ‘two students’ this is done by adding ِﺍﻥ
(alif and noon)at the end of an ism.
2
8
An ism can be ﺎﻗِﻞﹲ ﻋpossess intellect such as humans, angels and jinns or
The ﻞﹲ( ﺃﹶﺻAsl) origin of an ism is that it carries ِﺎﻥﺘﻤﺿ ٌ- ‘two dhammas’
(tanween) on the last letter of the word. The tanween generally is also a
sign showing that the ism is ﺓﹲﻜِﺮﻧ (indefinite), however there is an
exception to this because you will find that Arabic male names
such as ﺎﺱﺒﻋ،ﺪﻤﺤ ﻣaccept tanween but they are ٌﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌ( ﻣdefinite).
The tanween is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the English
‘a’/ ‘an’.
3
9
(١)ﻝﹸ ﺍﻷَﻭﺱﺭﺍﻟﺪ
ﺬﹶﺍﹾ ﻫis pronounced as ﺎﺫﹶﺍﻫ, but it is written without the first alif.
The ِﺓﺎﺭ ﺍﻹِﺷﻢ ﺍِﺳis used to point or indicate to people, animals, objects
things which can be felt or touched and can also indicate to things that
have meaning such as ﺃﹾﻱ‘ ﺭopinion’ or ‘ ﻋِﻠﹾﻢknowledge’.
4
10
The table below shows the properties of the (ﺬﹶﺍﹾ)ﻫ ِﺓﺎﺭ ﺍﻹِﺷﻢﺍِﺳ
that does not possess intellect ٍﺎﻗِﻞﻋﺮﻏﹶﻴ and it always comes at the
beginning of a sentence. When a word comes at the beginning of a
sentence it is called in Arabic ِﻠﹶﺔﻤﺍﻟﹾﺠﺭﺪﺻ.
The ِﺎﻡﺘِﻔﹾﻬﺓﹸ ﺍﻹِﺳﺰﻤﻫ comes at the beginning of the sentence as do all the
nouns or particles of questioning. It can be used to ask a question about
those possessing intellect as well as the things that do not possess
intellect.
5
11
The particle of reply ﻢ ﻌ ﻧis used to reply to a question with affirmation
whereas the particle ﻻis used to reply to a question with negation.
This interrogative noun is used to ask a question about those who possess
intellect ﺎﻗِﻞﹲﻋ
6
12
اْﻟ ُﺠ ْـﺰءُ َ ﱠ ُ
اﻷول
َ ِْ ُ
ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ
د .ف ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠ
اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ
ـﺮﺣﻪُ
َﺷ َ َ
ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ آل ﻋﻠﻲ
ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﱡ ِ
اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﱠ ِ ِ
ﺑﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴ ِﻢ س
اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪر ُ
اﻟﻤﺪ ﱢر
١
13
٢
14
ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس َ ﱠ ُ
اﻷول
َﻫ ـ َـﺬا
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، َﻫَﺬا ِ ْ ِ :
إﺷﺎرةٍ ِْ ْ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﻘ ِﺮﻳﺐ ْ َ ِ َ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد اْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ
اﺳﻢ َ َ ُ َ ُ
َﻏْﻴ ُـﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
َ ُ
َ ِ
ﻛﺘﺎب
ﻫﺬا َ ٌَ رﺟﻞ
ﻫﺬا َ ُ ٌ
ََ
ﺑﺎب
ﻫﺬا َ ٌ
ََ ﻟﺪ
ﻫﺬا َوَ ٌ
ََ
ـﻠﻢ
ﻫﺬا ﻗَ َ ٌ
ََ ﺷﻴﺦ
ﻫﺬا َ ْ ٌ
ََ
َﻣﺎ َﻫ َـﺬا ؟
ﻟﻐﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ِ َ ِْ ِ
اﺳﻢ ْ ِ ْ ٍ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . َﻣﺎ َ ُ ْ :
ـﻠﻢ. ﻫﺬا ؟ َ ِ
ﻫﺬا ﻗَ َ ٌ َﻣﺎ َ َ
ﻫﺬا ؟ َ َ ﺑﺎب.
َﻣﺎ َﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا َ ٌ ﻛﺘﺎب.
ﻫﺬا َ ٌ
َﻣﺎ َ َ َ
ﻟﺪ . ﻫﺬا ؟ َ َ
ﻫﺬا َوَ ٌ ﻣﺎ َ َ رﺟﻞ .
ﻫﺬا َ ُ ٌ
ﻫﺬا ؟ َ َ
َﻣﺎ َ َ
ﻣﻦ َﻫ َـﺬا ؟
َْ
٤
16
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
17
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
18
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
19
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
20
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
21
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
22
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
23
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
24
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
25
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
26
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
27
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 2
Dalam bagian ini, kita mempelajari penggunaan M* yang berarti “itu” dan yang berarti
“dan”. Contoh:
Ini rumah dan itu masjid @A M*
/ 7
Catatan:
1. M* dilafalkan M* tetapi ditulis tanpa alif.
Kosa-kata Baru:
Imam
WX Gula
50 I
Batu
@G susu
CT
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28
ﺍﻟﺜﹶﺎﻧِﻲﺱﺭ( ﺍﻟﺪ٢)
Some of the grammarians say that the ‘’ﻙ particle of address also
indicates upon far/distant and the ‘ِ’ﻝ shows upon even more or
increased furtherness/distance.
The letter/particle of address ‘’ﻙ is used if the person or object we are
addressing is masculine.
7
29
Some of the grammarians say that the ِﺓﺎﺭﺍﻹِﺷ ُﺎﺀﻤ ﺃﹶﺳhave three levels
ﺍﺗِﺐﺮ ﺛﻼﺙﹸ ﻣ:
8
30
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﱠْ ُ
َذﻟِ َ
ـﻚ
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ْ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، ذﻟﻚ ِ ْ ِ :
إﺷﺎرةٍ ِْ ْ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ َ
اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ْ َ ِ َ اﺳﻢ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ
َﻏْﻴ ُـﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
َْ ُ
ﳒﻢ ِ ِ
ذﻟﻚ َْ ٌ
َ َ رﺟﻞ
ذﻟﻚ َ ُ ٌ
َ َ
وﻣﻦ َِ َ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ ﻣﻦ َ َ
ﻫﺬا ؟ َ َ ْ َْ
اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﻋﻦ ْ ِ ِ ِ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ ُﺳ َﺆ ٌال َ ِ َ
ﻣﻦ َ َ
َْ ﻳﺐ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﻘ ِﺮ ِ ﻫﺬا ؟ ُﺳ َﺆ ٌال َ ِ
ﻋﻦ ْ َ ﻣﻦ َ َ
َْ
ِ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮ .
ﻣﺪرس .
ذﻟﻚ ُ َ ﱢ ٌ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ َ
َﻣْﻦ َ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا ُ ٌ
َْ
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ .
ذﻟﻚ ٌذﻟﻚ ؟ َ
ﻣﻦ ََْ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا ِ َ ٌ
إﻣﺎم . َْ
وﻣﺎ َِ َ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ ﻫﺬا ؟ َ
َﻣﺎ َ َ
ﻏﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﻋﻦ ِ
اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ِ ِ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ ﺳﺆ ٌال َ ِ ﻏﲑ ِ ﻳﺐ ِ
ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺮ ِ
َﻣﺎ َﻫَﺬا ؟ ﺳﺆ ٌال َ ِ
َﻣﺎ َ َ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ .
ﻟﱭ .
ذﻟﻚ ََ ٌ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ َ
ﻣﺎ َ ﺣﺠﺮ .
ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا َ ٌَ
ذﻟﻚ ِ ﱞ
ﻗﻂ . ِ
ذﻟﻚ ؟ َ
ﻣﺎ َ ﲪﺎر .
ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا َ ٌ
٥
31
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
32
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
33
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
34
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 3
Pada bagian ini kita mempelajari definite article (isim ma’riifah, yakni isim yang telah
diketahui kekhususannya atau benda tertentu-pent.) – (al). Ketika al- mengawali sebuah
kata benda maka tanda isim nakirah –n- dibuang.
Contoh:
/
/T
Baitu-n al-baitu
Bahasa Arab terdiri dari 28 huruf. Empat belas diantaranya disebut huruf Syamsiyah dan
14 lainnya disebut huruf Qamariyah.
Dalam artikulasi (pengucapan) huruf Syamsiyah, ujung lidah berpadu seperti pada huruf-
huruf t, n, r, s, dan sebagainya. Ujung lidah tidak mengalami perubahan dalam
pengucapan huruf-huruf Qamariyah, seperi huruf b, w, m. k, dan lain-lain.
Manakala al dipasangkan mengawali sebuah kata benda yang diawali dengan huruf
Syamsiyah maka l pada al berpadu dengan huruf Syamsiyah, contoh: al-syams (matahari)
diucapkan as-syams. Tidak ada perubahan pada penulisan ( YF1 ). Perpaduan itu
Lihat tabel huruf-huruf Qamariyah dan Syamsiyah pada hal. 19 dari Durus Lughah I.
Catatan:
Huruf –a- pada –al- diucapkan hanya apabila tidak didahului oleh kata lainnya. Jika
diikuti oleh kata lain maka dalam pengucapannya dihilangkan, meskipun tetap ada pada
tulisan. Contoh: al-baitu. Disini huruf a dilafalkan, namun apabila didahului oleh kata wa
(dan) maka a tidak dilafalkan dan kalimat dilafalkan dengan wa-l-baitu dan bukan wa-al-
baitu. Untuk menunjukkan penghilangan a tersebut dalam pengucapan, tanda
diletakkan di atas hamzah:
/T[
_______________________________________________________________ 7
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35
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Huruf vokal di awal (a, i atau u) yang dihilangkan ketika didahului oleh kata lain disebut
hamzatu-l-wasl (hamzah wasl).
Pintu (itu) terbuka R 23S T
Pulpen (itu) patah A30 >NZ
Catatan:
Kita telah belajar bahwa tanwin adalah tanda isim nakirah (kata benda tak tentu). Contoh
/ Hal ini tidak berlaku untuk kata sifat (adjective) seperti R 23S (terbuka) dan
A30 (patah).2
Kosa-kata Baru:
Kaya
LV\ x Miskin
/Z]
Tinggi
8.HJ x Pendek
/KO
Dingin
) x Panas
LG
Duduk
Y x Berdiri
^O
Baru
H x Lama
>HO
Dekat
E
HO x Jauh
/?
Bersih
^/_: x Kotor
`I
Kecil
/ab x Besar
/T6
Ringan
^
/Sc x Berat
8./Zd
Kertas
e Air
fgh
Apel
R5Si2 Indah
8./F
Toko
,+6i Manis
3N G
Sakit
jH
2
Dalam buku aslinya, keberadan tanwin sebagai tanda isim nakirah diartikan dengan ’sesuatu, atau sebuah
(untuk tunggal)’ sedangkan pengertian tersebut (yakni sesuatu atau sebuah) tidak dapat digunakan untuk
kata sifat, sebagaimana contoh diatas.
_______________________________________________________________ 8
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36
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. (hal. 15). Bacalah dan tulislah dengan akhiran yang benar. Contoh:
@A Masjidun dengan tanwin
3. (hal 15) Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata-kata yang ada.
4. (hal 16) Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata-kata yang sesuai. Ingatlah bahwa kata
pertama dalam kalimat harus mengandul al, misalnya: ^/_:
/T
5. (hal 17) Baca dan tulislah dengan akhiran yang benar.
6. (hal 17) Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata-kata yang sesuai.
8. (hal 20) Baca dan tulislah kata-kata di bawah ini sambil menerapkan kaidah-kaidah
huruf Syamsiyah dan Qamariyah.
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37
ﺚ
ﺍﻟﺜﹶﺎﻟِ ﹸﺱﺭ( ﺍﻟﺪ٣)
When ﺍﻝﹾis prefixed to an ism beginning with a Solar Letter the laam of
‘al’ is not pronounced but is written, and the first letter of the ism takes a
shaddah –
ّ . For example, ﺲﻤ( ﺍﹶﻟﺸash-shamsu).
When ﺍﹶﻝﹾis prefixed to an ism beginning with a Lunar Letter the laam of
In the definite particle ( ﺍﹶﻝﹾal) the ( ﺍﹶa) is known as ِﻞﺻﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺰﻤﻫ the
Connecting Hamzah. If it is not preceded by a word it will be
9
38
The student is sitting and the ﺍﻗِﻒ ﻭﺭﺱ ﺪﺍﻟﹾﻤ ﻭﺎﻟِﺲ ﺟ ﺍﻟﱠﻄﹶﺎﻟِﺐ:ﻣِﺜﹶﺎﻝﹲ
teacher is standing, (wa l-mudarrisu…).
ُ ﺔﻤِﻴﻠﹶﺔ ُ ﺍﻹِﺳﻤﺍﻟﹾﺠ
ﺮﺒﺍﻟﹾﺨ ُ ﺃﺪﺘﺒﺍﻟﹾﻤ
ﺃﺪﺘﺒﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤ
(1) ﺃﺪﺘﺒ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤis from the Arabic word ُﺍﺀﺘِﺪﺍﹶﻹِﺑ meaning the beginning or
starting, and from its origin is that it comes at the beginning of the
sentence.
(4) ﺃﺪﺘﺒ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤin its ﻞﹲ( ﺃﺻorigin) precedes ﺮﺒ( ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺨthe khabar).
10
39
ﺮﺒﺍﹶﻟﹾﺨ
(1) ﺮﺒ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺨis that which comes after ﺃﺪﺘﺒ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤin its ﻞﹲ( ﺃﺻorigin).
ُ ﺔﻤِﻴﻠﹶﺔ ُﺍﻹِﺳﻤﺍﹶﻟﹾﺠ
ﺒﺮﺍﹶﻟﹾﺨ ﺃﺪﺘﺒﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤ
11
40
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ ُ
اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﱠْ ُ
َْال
ف ﺗَـْﻌِﺮ ٍ
ﻳﻒ . ْال َ :ﺣْﺮ ُ
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ .
ـﻠﻢ ُ َ َ ْ :
ﻗَ َ ٌ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ُ ِ ْ َ ْ :
اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ٌَِْ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ
ﺑﻴﺖ ُ :
ٌ
ِ
ﱠﻜﺮةُ َ ِ ْ َ ْ َ ،
واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔُ اﻟﻨ َ
ﺑﻨﺖ . ِ
ﱠﻜﺮةُ َ :ﺷﻲءٌ َﻏْﻴـﺮ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ
رﺟﻞ ٌ ،
ﻗﻠﻢ ٌ ،
ﺑﻴﺖ ٌ ،
ﳓﻮ ٌ :
ﻣﻌﲔ ُ َْ ، ْ ُ اﻟﻨ َ
اﻟﺒﻨﺖ .
اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُ ،
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ُ ،
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ُ ،
ﻣﻌﲔ َْ ،ﳓُﻮ ُ :
ﺷﻲءٌ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ
اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔُ ْ َ :
ِ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ُ ﱠ
ﻛﻞ اﻟْﺒُُـﻴﻮت َ ،وَْ َ
ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑَْـﻴﺘﺎً ُ َﱠ
ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺎً . ﺑﻴﺖ ُ َ ْ َ :
ٌ
ﻣﻌﲔ ِ َ ِِ
ﺑﺬاﺗﻪ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑ ٍ
ـﻴﺖ ُ َ ﱠ ٍ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ُ َ :ﱡ
ﻳﺪل ََ َْ ُ
واﻟﺤﺮوف ﱠ ْ ِ ﱠ
اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔُ اﻟﻘﻤ ِﺮﱠﻳﺔُ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ ، ْ ُُ ُ
اﻟﺤﺮوف ْ َ َ
ﻮن َﻋﻠَﻰ ﱠِ
اﻟﻼم ) ْاﻟﻘﻤﺮ ( . اﻟﻘَﻤِﺮﻳﱠﺔُ :ﻳـُْﻨﻄَُﻖ ﱡ
اﻟﺴُﻜ ُ وف ْ َ
اﻟْـُﺤُﺮ ُ
ِ ِ اﻟﺸﻤِﺴﻴﱠﺔُ :ﻻ ﻳـُْﻨﻄَُﻖ ﱡ
ﻮن َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻼﱠِم َ ،وُﺗﻮ َ
ﺿُﻊ َﺷﱠﺪةٌ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟْـَﺤْﺮف ﱠاﻟﺬي ﺑـَْﻌَﺪﻩُ اﻟﺴُﻜ َ وف ﱠ ْ
اﻟْـُﺤُﺮ ُ
) ﱠ
اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ( .
٦
41
اﻟﺤﺮوف ﱠ ِ ﱠ ِ
ﻫﻲ : اﻟﺤﺮوف ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔُ َ ،
ُ ْ اﻟﻘﻤﺮﱠﻳﺔُ َ ،
ﻫﻲ : ُ َ
ِ اﻷب .
اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ .
-١ت :ﱠ ُ -١أ ُ َ َ :
ـﻮب .
-٢ث :اﻟﺜﱠ ْ ُ اﻟﺒﺎب.
-٢ب ُ َْ :
ﱢﻳﻚ .
-٣د :اﻟﺪ ْ ُ -٣ج :اﻟْـ َ ﱠ
ﺠﻨﺔُ .
ﱠ
اﻟﺬﻫﺐ . ِ
-٤ذ ُ َ : ﺤﻤﺎر .
-٤ح :اﻟْـ َ ُ
اﻟﺮﺟﻞ .
-٥ر :ﱠ ُ ُ -٥خ :اﻟْـﺨﺒُُْـﺰ .
اﻟﺰﻫﺮةُ .
-٦ز :ﱠ ْ َ اﻟﻌﲔ .
-٦ع ُ ْ َ ْ :
اﻟﺴﻤﻚ .
-٧س :ﱠ َ ُ اﻟﻐﺪاءُ .
-٧غ َ َ ْ :
اﻟﺸﻤﺲ .
-٨ش :ﱠ ْ ُ اﻟﻔﻢ .
-٨ف ُ َ ْ :
اﻟﺼﺪر .
-٩ص :ﱠ ْ ُ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ .
-٩ق َُ َ ْ :
اﻟﻀﻴﻒ .
-١٠ض :ﱠ ْ ُ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ .
-١٠ك ُ َْ ْ :
-١١ط :ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ . اﻟﻤﺎءُ .
ُ -١١م َ ْ :
ﱠ
اﻟﻈﻬﺮ .
-١٢ظ ُ ْ : اﻟﻮﻟﺪ .
-١٢و ُ َ َ ْ :
ﱠ
اﻟﻠﺤﻢ .
-١٣ل ُ ْ : -١٣ﻫـ :اﻟْـ َﻬ َﻮاءُ .
-١٤ن :ﱠ ْ ُ
اﻟﻨﺠﻢ . اﻟﻴﺪ .
-١٤ي ُ َْ :
٧
42
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
43
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
44
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
45
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
46
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
47
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
48
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
49
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
50
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
51
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
52
For Personal use Only. Courtesy of Institute of the Language of the Qur'an (lugatulquran@hotmail.com),
and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
53
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 4
Dalam bagian ini, kita akan mempelajari penggunaan preposition atau kata depan.
1. Kata benda (isim) dalam bahasa Arab memiliki akhiran untuk menunjukkan
fungsinya dalam kalimat. Akhiran normal dari sebuah kata benda adalah –u-
sebagaimana dalam kata:
Rumah baru al-bait-u jadîd-u-n H
/T
Kata benda yang memiliki akhiran yang normal disebut berbentuk normative case
atau dalam bahasa Arab disebut k,] .
Setelah kata depan (yang dalam bahasa arab dinamakan huruful jar atau huruf-huruf
yang bisa mengkasrohkan kata benda setelahnya, seperti fi, min, ala, dst-ed.) akhiran
ini berubah menjadi –i- contoh:
al-bait-u rumah (itu)
/T
fi-l bait-i di (dalam) rumah (itu)
/T ]
bait-u-n rumah
/
fi bait-i-n di (dalam) rumah 4
/ ]
al-maktab-u meja (itu) E230h
ala –l-maktab-i di atas meja (itu) E230h lNm
Kata benda yang didahului oleh kata depan dalam bahasa Arab disebut dalam posisi
majrur @
2. Dalam bagian ini kita juga mempelajari dua kata ganti (dhamir) yakni “dia
(maskulin)” dan “dia (feminin)”. Dalam bahasa Arab seluruh kata benda adalah
maskulin – mudzakar- atau feminin - muannats.
Kata benda maskulin – isim mudzakar – merujuk pada kata ganti apakah kata
benda itu manusia, hewan atau sebuah benda lainnya yang dianggap maskulin.
Contoh:
Dan kata benda feminin - isim muannats – merujuk pada kata ganti apakah
menunjukkan manusia, hewan atau sebuah benda lainnya yang dianggap feminin.
Sebagian besar kata isim muannats berakhiran huruf ta marbuthoh namun ada pula
sebagian yang tidak memliki akhiran tersebut.
Catatan:
1. Kita telah mempelajari bahwa tanwin adalah indefinite article (kata benda tak tentu)
misalnya
/ ‘rumah’ . Kaidah ini tidak berlaku terhadap kata benda yang telah
tetap, seperti nama orang. Maka G tetap Hamid (bukan seorang Hamid ).
2. Nama perempuan tidak memiliki tanwin. Misalnya ,pV EVH ,pFJ]
Kosa kata Baru:
Dimana
CH= Di atas
lNm
Ruang
8p],\ Langit
fgFA
Kamar mandi
WFq Ruang kelas
,.KS
Dapur
`T3rh Toilet
$Gh
Di (dalam)
]
_______________________________________________________________ 11
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55
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut ini (jawaban harus berdasarkan pelajaran bagian ini).
2. Baca dan tulislah dengan memberikan harakat (akhiran) yang benar
3. Di akhir halaman 23. Baca dan tulislah dengan memberikan harakat yang benar.
Ingatlah bahwa nama laki-laki berakhiran –un dan nama perempuan berakhiran –u.
Pelajaran 4A
Pada bagian ini kita mempelajari dua kata depan ( sG ) yakni C yang berarti
‘dari’ dan lX yang berarti ‘ke’ (atau kepada).
• Kita juga mempelajari dua kata ganti (dhamir ): := ‘saya’ dan
:=‘kamu/anda’
:= ‘saya’ untuk maskulin (mudzakar) dan feminin (mu’annats). Contoh:
Madhi) yakni E* ‘(dia lk) telah pergi’ dan uc ‘(dia lk) telah keluar’.
Perhatikan yang berikut:
Di mana Bilal? 8v CH=
Dia telah pergi ke masjid @AF3 lX E*
Bilal telah pergi ke masjid @AF3 lX 8v E*
Maka E* berarti ‘dia telah pergi’ tetapi jika diikuti oleh kata benda sebagai
subjek maka kata ‘dia’ ditinggalkan.
_______________________________________________________________ 12
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56
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan di bawah ini (jawabannya harus berdasarkan bab
ini).
2. Baca dan tulislah dengan harakat yang benar.
3. Baca dan tulislah.
4. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata depan yang sesuai.
_______________________________________________________________ 13
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57
ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮﺣ
(1) ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠ ﻑﺮﺣ is a Letter/Particle that enters upon an ism only.
(2) ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮ ﺣchanges the state of the ism to ﺭﻭﺮﺠ( ﻣmajroor), meaning
the ism takes kasrah/kasrataan on the last letter.
(3) ﺮﺍﻟﹾﺠ ﻑﺮﺣ can have many meanings and its meaning is not known or
complete until it enters upon a sentence. Then its exact meaning is
known from the context of the sentence.
ﺭﻭﺮﺠﻣ
12
58
ﻔﹶﺼِﻞﹸﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﻤِﻴﺍﹶﻟﻀ
ﻔﹶﺼِﻞﹸﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﻤِﻴﺍﹶﻟﻀ-Detached Pronoun
(1)ﻔﹶﺼِﻞﹸﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﻤِﻴ ﺍﹶﻟﻀis a type of ism that is used to indicate upon the ﻏﹶﺎﺀِﺏ
(Absent), or the ﺎﻃﹶﺐﺨ( ﻣAddressed), or the ﻜﹶﻠﱠﻢﺘ( ﻣSpeaker).
13
59
5) The dhameer ﻮ ﻫand ِﻫﻲcan be used for those who possess intellect
and things that do not possess intellect. If they are used for the latter they
will have the meaning ‘it’.
14
60
The table below shows the properties of ُ ﻔﹶﺼِﻠﹶﺔﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤ ﺎﺀِﺭﻤ( ﺍﻟﻀthe Detached
Pronouns):
15
61
ِﻑﺮ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻣِﻦﻉﻮﻨﻤﻣ (Prevented from Tanween) is a Term that is used for a
particular group of nouns which do not accept tanween and when they are
in a state of ﺭﻭﺮﺠ( ﻣkasra) they take Fathah.
This particular group of nouns further divides up into many categories
and from them is the category known in the Arabic language as:
16
62
Femininity-ُِْ ا
(In)Wording-
ِ َْ (In)Meaning- ْ َ"!ِي#$َ -
ِ َْ َْ َ"!ِي و#$َ
(In)Meaning and Wording
The ﻃﹶﺔﻮﺑﺮﺓ ﻣ (Round Taa) is a letter that is added at the end of an ism
and it signifies femininity of a word.
The origin of nouns ending with the ﻃﹶﺔﻮﺑﺮ(ﺓ ﻣRound Taa) is only to
distinguish the feminine from the masculine. And you will mostly find
that with the ( ﺻِﻔﹶﺎﺕAdjectives) i.e. ٌﺔﻳﻤ ِﻛﹶﺮ/ﻳﻢِ( ﻛﹶﺮGenerous, Noble).
17
63
The Verb/Action-ﻞﹸﺍﹶﻟﹾﻔِﻌ
.ِﻜﹶﻠﱡﻢﺎﻥِ ﺍﻟﺘﻣﻞﹶ ﺯ ﻗﹶﺒﺎﻥِ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱﻣ ﺍﻟﺰ ﻓِﻲﻗﹶﻊﺙٍ ﻭﺪﻠﹶﻰ ﺣﻝﱠ ﻋﺎ ﺩ ﻣ-ﺎﺿِﻲﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺍﻟﻔِﻌ
The Past Verb-that which indicates upon an event/happening taking place
in the time which is before the time of speaking/conversation.
Where is Abbaas? ؟ﺎﺱﺒ ﻋﻳﻦﺃ
For every action we have a doer or the one who performs the action. In
Arabic the doer of the action is called ﻞﹸ( ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋal-faa’il).
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64
ﻉﻓﹸﻮﺮﻣ
ﺭﻭﺮﺠﻣ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋِﻞﹸﻓِﻌ
ٍﺎﺽﻣ
You will find that ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋِﻞﹸis not always apparent after the verb ﺐﺫﹶﻫ. That
is because in the past-tense verbs for the Male Absent if ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋِ ﹸﻞis not
apparent then theﺮﻤِﻴ( ﺿpronoun) 'ﻮ( 'ﻫHe) will be ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋِﻞﹸ. And this
dhameer is known as ﺘِﺮﺘﺴ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﻤِﻴ( ﺍﹶﻟﻀThe Hidden Dhameer), you will not
see it in writing or pronounce it even though it is there.
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65
(٤)ِﻢ ﺍﻹِﺳﺎﺕﻼﻣﻋ
There are 4 signs by which an ism is known, and you will not find these
signs entering upon the verbs or particles/letters, so they are specific to
the nouns. These 4 signs can be used to distinguish between the ٌﺎﺀﻤﺃﺳ
(nouns) and the ﺎﻝﹲ( ﺃﻓﹾﻌverbs) and ﻑﻭﺮ( ﺣparticles).
(1) The first sign is that the ism accepts ﻳﻦ ِﻮﻨ( ﺗtanween).
(2) The second sign is that ( ﺍﹶﻝﹾalif and laam) can enter upon the ism.
(3) The third sign is that ﺮﺍﻟﹾﺠ ﻑﻭﺮ( ﺣparticles of jarr) can enter upon the
ism.
(4) The fourth sign is that the ism can take ﺮ( ﺍﻟﹾﺠkasrah/kasrataan) on the
last letter.
ﺍﻝﹾ ﻳﻦِﻮﻨﺗ
20
66
اﻟﺪرس اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِ ُ
اﺑﻊ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺠﺮ ) ِﻓﻲ ِ َ ،
ﻣﻦ َِ ،إﻟﻰ ( ﺣﺮوف ْ َ ﱢ
ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ،
َ ُُ ُ
ِآﻣﻨﺔَُ ِﰲ ْ َ َْ ِ
اﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ . ﺎﺳﺮ ِﰲ ْ ُ َِ
اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ .
ْ
ِ
ﻳَ ٌ
ُﳏﱠﻤٌﺪ ِﰲ اﻟْﺒ ِ
ـﻴﺖ .
َْ َ
ِ ِ ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ْ َ ِ
اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ .
ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ُ ْ ﱢ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ََ اﻟﺴ ِﺮ ِﻳﺮ .
ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ ُْ
ﱢ
اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ََ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ .
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ َ َ َ
ََْ ُ
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ِﻣﻦ ُﳏ ﱠ ٍ
ﻤﺪ . ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ ِﻣﻦ ِْْ ِ
ِ ﺧﺮج ْ َ ﱢ ِ
ﻣﻦ ْ َ ْ ِ
ﻫﺬا ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ
ََ اﳍﻨﺪ . َ َ َ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ . اﻟﻤﺪرس َ
ََ َ ُ ُ
ِ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ َِإﱃ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ ﻋﻠﻲ َِإﱃ ْ ُ ِ ِ
ِ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ َِإﱃ ْ ِ
ذﻫﺐ َ ِ ٌ
اﻟﻤﺮﺣﺎض . ذﻫﺐ ﱠ ُاﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ َ َ َ . ذﻫﺐ َ ﱞ
ََ َ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ .
ََْ ََ َ
ﻋﻦ ْ َ ِ
أﻳﻦ ؟ ُﺳ َﺆ ٌال َ ِ َ
اﻟﻤﻜﺎن . َْ َ
ِ ﳏﻤﺪ ﰲ ُ َِ
اﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ .
ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ ؟ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ ﰲ ْ َ َْ ِ
أﻳﻦ َ َ
َ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ .
ْ ﳏﻤﺪ ؟ ٌ َْ َ
أﻳﻦ َُ ﱠ ٌ
ﻟﻐﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﻫﺬا ؟ ِ
ﻣﺎذا ؟ = َﻣﺎ َ َ
ََ
ِ
اﳌﻜﺘﺐ . ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ
اﳌﻜﺘﺐ ؟ َُ ﱠ ٌ ﻣﺎذا ﻋﻠﻰ
ََ
ـﻮن ( اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ ﻻَ ﻳُـﻨَ ﱠ ُ ) ََْ ُ
ِ ِ ﻋﻤﺎر ِ :آﻣﻨﺔَُ
ِ
ﻋﻠﻲ َ َ :
ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ َ ﱞ ﻣﺮﱘُ
ﻳﺎﺳﺮ َ َْ :
َ ٌ َﱠ ٌ ُﳏَﱠﻤٌﺪ َ ِ َ :
ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔُ
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 5
Wy Wy
/
al-imâm-u Bait-u-l-imâm-i
c). <C 26Perhatikan bahwa C tidak berbentuk majrur karena dia berbentuk mabni,
yakni dia tidak mengalami perubahan untuk menunjukkan kedudukannya dalam
kalimat. Ada bentuk mabni pada kata-kata tertentu dalam bahasa Arab yang tetap
tidak berubah.
d) !Q,h E230 lNm . Perhatikan bahwa E230 berbentuk majrur karena kata depan
lNm dan !Q,h karena dia berada pada posisi mudhaf ilaihi.
2)
‘dibawah’. Kata benda yang mengikuti
berada dalam posisi majrur
,*2I,= H `/} H ,v H bukan 8v H dan lain-lain.
_______________________________________________________________ 14
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78
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4). Kata ism-u-n > IX dan ibn-u-n CX berawal dengan hamzatu-l-wasl. Jika didahului
oleh sebuah kata, maka ‘i- ‘ dihilangkan dalam pengucapan.
,pV
VT >I ٱ8v >I
ism-u-l walad-i bilal-u-n, wa sm-u-l-bint-i aminat-u
Wy C ٱE/TJ !Q,h C
ibn-u-l-mudarrisi tabib-u-n wa-bn-u-l-imam-i tajir-u-n
< 4G C ٱCH=
aina bn-u hamid-i-n?
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini.
2. Bentuklah menjadi mudhaf-mudhaf ilaihi dengan bantuan dua kata.
3. Baca dan tulislah dengan harakat akhir yang benar. Perhatikan bahwa mudhaf
memiliki akhiran –u dan mudhaf ilaihi memiliki akhiran –i.
4, Bacalah.
5. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata-kata yang sesuai.
6. Benarkanlah kalimat di bawah ini.
7. Bacalah dengan harakat yang benar di akhir kalimat.
Perhatikan bahwa setelah H tidak berbentuk tanwin, namun hanya memiliki satu
dhammah. Contoh: syaikh-u-n >> ya syaikh-u.
8. Buatlah pertanyaan dengan pola seperti pada contoh dengan bantuan gambar.
9. Bacalah yang berikut ini dengan tetap mengingat kaidah mengenai hamzatul wasl.
Rasul
, I Dibawah
Paman dari ayah
i>? Anak laki-laki
C
Jalan
k1 Mobil
,/A
Ka’bah
,pT?0 Di sini
V
Paman dari ibu
8~ Di sana
V
Tertutup
Na Anak
perempuan
VT
Nama
>IB Dokter
E/T5r
Tas
,pT/Zq
_______________________________________________________________ 15
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79
ُ ﺎﻓﹶﺔﺍﹶﻹِﺿ
ِ ﺇﻟﻴﻪﺎﻑﻀﻣ ﺎﻑﻀﻣ
ٍﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﺏﻛِﺘ
ﻰﻤﻳﺴ ﻝﹸ ﺍﻷَﻭﻢ ﺍﻹِﺳ،ﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺮﻳﺮِ ﺣِﻘﺪﻠﹶﻰ ﺗﻦِ ﻋﻴﻤ ﺍﻟﺴﻦﻴﺔ ٌ ﺑﺒ ﻧِﺴ ﻫِﻲ:ُ ﺎﻓﹶﺔﺍﻹِﺿ
.ِﻪ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴﺎﻑﻀﻰ ﻣﻤﻳﺴ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲﻢﺍﻹِﺳ ﻭﺎﻑﻀﻣ
This Particular idhaafah gives benefit by giving ﻳﻒِﺮﻌ( ﺗto make definite)
to the mudhaaf or ﺼِﻴﺗﺨ (to narrow down/particularise). Meaning, if
ﺺ
the ِﻪ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴﺎﻑﻀ ﻣis ٌ ﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌ( ﻣdefinite) then the ﺎﻑﻀ ﻣwill become ﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌﻣ, if the
ِﻪ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴﺎﻑﻀ ﻣis ﺓﹲﻜِﺮ( ﻧindefinite) then the ﺎﻑﻀ ﻣwill be particularised or not
so general but it will not be ﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌ( ﻣdefinite).
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80
ﺮِﻓﹶﺔﹲﻌﻣ ٌﺮِﻓﹶﺔﻌﻣ
The Idhafaah construction has a ﺮﺍﻟﹾﺠ ﻑﺮ ﺣwhich is omitted/hidden.
This ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮ ﺣgives meaning to the Idhaafah, there are 3 different
ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﻭﺮ ﺣthat an Idhaafah can have, (1) ( ﻓِﻲin), ( ﻣِﻦfrom/part of) and
( )ﻝِ( ﺍﻟﻼﻡfor/belonging to).
At the moment we have only taken one meaning of the Idhaafah the ﺍﻟﻼﻡ
(ِ )ﻝﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮ ﺣwhich has the meaning of, for/belonging to/possession.
So when we say ٍﺪﻤﺤ ﻣﺎﺏ ﻛِﺘit literally means, ‘the book belongs to
( )ﺍﻟﻼﻡﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮﺣ
ٍﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺏ
ﺎﻛِﺘ
ِ ﺇِﻟﹶﻴِﻪﺎﻑﻀﺍﻟﹾﻤ ﺎﻑﻀﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤ
Always – ﺭﻭﺮﺠﺎ ﻣﺍﺀﺋﻤﺩ Does not accept tanween – ﻥﹸﻮﻳﻨ ﻻ
Majroor
Does not accept alif laam – ﻞﹸ ﺍﻝﹾﻘﺒﻻ ﻳ
22
81
ِﻜﹶﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻢ ﺍِﺳis a noun of place and the ism that follows it is majroor.
ﺎﺱﺒﺎ ﻋﻳ
The particle ﺎﻳ (O!) is used when we want to call somebody and the
person we are calling is the ism which comes after this particle and it is
known as ﻯﺎﺩﻨ( ﺍﻟﹾﻤthe one being called). There are 5 types of ﻯﺎﺩﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤ, we
will study 3 for now.
23
82
ﻯﺎﺩﻨﺍﻟﹾﻤ
The second type is when we ،ﻞﹸﺟ ﺭ،ﺎﺫﹸﺘﺎ ﺃﺳ ﻳ:ﺓﹸﺩﻮﻘﺼﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻜِﺮ( ﺍﻟﻨ٢)
call somebody and we intend a particular or specific person i.e. O
Teacher!, Man!, and so on.
The third type is when the one ٍﺎﻟِﺪ ﺧﺖﺑِﻨ،ِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪﺪﺒﺎ ﻋ ﻳ:ﺎﻑﻀ( ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤ٣)
being called is mudhaaf i.e. O ‘Abdallaahi!, O Daughter of Khaalid!,
and so on.
It is important to note that the first and the second types of ﻯﺎﺩﻨ ﻣend in
one dhamma, not tanween. As for the third type then the Mudhaaf will be
ﺏﻮﺼﻨ( ﻣtake Fathah on the last letter).
The words ﻢ ﺍِﺳand ﻦ ﺍِﺑbegin with hamzatu l-wasl. When preceded by a
word the kasrah (ِ-) is dropped in pronunciation, i.e.
.ِﺭﺱ ﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤ ﺑِﻼﻝٍ ﻃﹶﺎﻟِﺐﻦﺍﺑ ﻭ،ﺐِ ﺑِﻼﻝﹲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺒِﻴﻢﺍﺳ ﻭ، ﺐﺱِ ﻃﹶﺒِﻴﺭﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻦﺍِﺑ
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83
ِ
ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ْ َ ُ
اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎف َِ ِ ُْ َ ُ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎف َ ،و ْ ُ َ ُ ْ
إﻟﻴﻪ
ﻛﺘﺎب ِ
اﷲ . ﺑﻨﺖ ٍ ﻛﺘﺎب ٍ
ُ ﻛﺘﺎب :اﷲُ
ٌ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ . ُ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ
ﺑﻨﺖ ٌ :
ٌ ﳏﻤﺪ . ُ ﳏﻤﺪ
ﻛﺘﺎب ٌ :
ٌ
ﻣﻀﺎف َِ ِ
إﻟﻴﻪ
ﻣﻀﺎف ُ َ ٌ ْ
َُ ٌ
ْ َُ َ
اﻟﻤﻨﺎدى
َﻳﺎ ِْ ُ
ﺑﻨﺖ . ﻟﺪ .
َﻳﺎ َوَ ُ َﻳﺎ ُ ْ َ
أﺳﺘﺎذُ . ﻤﺪ .
َﻳﺎ ُﳏَ ﱠ ُ
ﻫﺬا ِﻛﺘﺎب ُ ﱠ ٍ
ﳏﻤﺪ . ﻋﻦ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻫﺬا ؟ ُﺳ َﺆ ٌال َ ِ
ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ
َ ُ َ ﻛﺘﺎب َ ْ
َ ُ
ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا ﻗَ َـﻠﻢ ٍ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ . ﻣﻦ َ َ
ُ ـﻠﻢ َ ْ
ﻗَ َ ُ
٩
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Pelajaran 6
1. D 7 adalah bentuk feminin dari 7 . Diucapkan D* namun alif tidak disertakan
dalam tulisan.
Ini anak laki-laki dan ini anak perempuan
V D7 7
2. Kata benda dan kata sifat berubah menjadi feminin dengan menambahkan di akhir
kata. Huruf terakhir sebelum berharakat fathah.
!
Q guru (lk) >> 8pIQ guru (pr)
Mudarris-u-n mudarrisat-u-n
Semua kata dalam bahasa Arab termasuk maskulin atau feminin. Kata benda feminin
(isim mu’annats) dan kata sifat biasanya berakhiran . Namun ada kata-kata tertentu yang
tidak memiliki kahiran ini. Para pelajar yang mempelajari kata-kata baru harus
mengetahui jenisnya pula. Anggota tubuh yang berpasangan biasanya adalah feminin dan
yang tunggal adalah maskulin.
Feminin Maskulin
_______________________________________________________
3. adalah kata depan (harf jar) yang berarti ‘milik’ , ‘untuk’. Contoh:
Ini milik Bilal dan itu milik Hamid 4 M* 4vT 7
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96
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Setrika
,30h Hidung
^:n Bapak
n Kaki
,.Q
Sapi
,ZT Mulut
>S Kulkas
,p5v5 Cepat
HI
Sepeda
,p Panci
Z Teh
1 Jendela
, 7]V
Sendok
,pZ?3Nh Telinga
,+,*f Barat
ah Timur
e
1
Petani
R5vS Mata
C/? Kopi
,Z
Ibu
iWf Tangan
LH
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97
The ِﺓﺎﺭ ﺍﻹِﺷﻢ ﺍِﺳis used to point or indicate to people, animals, objects
things which can be felt or touched and can also indicate to things that
have meaning such as ﺓﹲ‘ ﻗﹶﺎﻋِﺪprinciple’ orٌﺔﺤﺼِﻴ‘ ﻧadvice’.
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98
The particle of jarrِ ﻝenters upon an ism and causes it to take ﺮﺍﹶﻟﹾﺠ
(kasrah).
ﺭ ﻭﺮﺠﻣ
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99
Note that the word ﺍﹶﻟﻠﹼﻪbecomes ِ ﻟِﻠﹼﻪby just dropping the alif and no laam
will need to be added to the word.
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100
ِ
اﻟﺴﺎدس ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ُ
ﻫـ ِـﺬﻩِ
َ
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﻳﺐ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، ﻫﺬﻩِِ :اِﺳﻢ إَِﺷﺎرةٍ ﻟِْﻠﻤْﻔﺮِد اﻟْﻤﺆﻧﱠ ِ
ﺚ اﻟَْﻘِﺮ ِ ْ ُ َ ُ َ َُ َ
ﻏﲑُ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ
ِِ ِِ ِ
َﻫﺬﻩ َ ﱠ َ
ﺳﻴﺎرةٌ َﻫﺬﻩ َ َ
ﺧﺪﳚﺔُ
ﻫﺬﻩِ ِ ْ
ﻣﻜ َﻮاةٌ ِ
ﻫﺬﻩ ِْ ٌ
ﺑﻨﺖ
اﺟﺔُ ََ ٍ
أﻧﺲ ِ
ﻫﺬﻩ َد ﱠر َ اﻟﻤ َ ْ ِ ِ
ﻬﻨﺪس ِ
ﻫﺬﻩ ُ ْ ُ
أﺧﺖ ْ ُ
ﻗﺪر .ِِ ِ
ﻫﺬﻩ ِ ْ َ َ ﻫﺬﻩِ َ ٌ ِ ِ أﻣﺜﻠﺔٌ ُأﺧﺮى :ﻫﺬﻩِ ُ ُ ٌ ِ
ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔٌ وﻫﺬﻩ ْ ٌ رﺟﻞ .
ﻳﺪ وﻫﺬﻩ ْ ٌ ﻋﲔ .
أذن وﻫﺬﻩ ٌَْ
ِ ِ
ﻓﻢ . ﻫﺬا َْ ٌ
أﻧﻒ ،وﻫﺬا َ ٌ ﻓﻢ . ﻫﺬﻩ َْ ٌ
أﻧﻒ ،وﻫﺬﻩ َ ٌ
اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔُ ْ ِ ﱠ
اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔُ ْ َُْ
ﲨﻠﺔً ُ ِ َ ً
ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ( . ﺗﻔﻴﺪان ﻣﻌﲎ َﺗﺎﻣﺎً ِ
ﻣﻔﻴﺪاً َ ُ َ ) .ﱠ
وﺗﺴﻤﻰ َُْ ﻛﻠﻤﺘَ ِ ِ ِ
ـﲔ ُ َ َ ْ ً ّ ُ
ﻮن ِ ِ اﻻﺳـﻤـِﱠﻴﺔُ :ﺗََ َ
ـﺘﻜ ﱠ ُ ْ
ﻣﻦ َ َ ْ ﺠﻤﻠﺔُ ْ
اﻟْـ ُ ْ َ
ِ ْ ِْ ِ
ﻗﻤﺮ .
ذﻟﻚ َ ٌَ
َ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻫﻮ ُ ْ ٌ
َُ اﻟﻤﻨﺪﻳﻞ َ ِ ٌ
وﺳﺦ . ُ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ .
اﻟﺒﺎب ُ َْ ٌ
ُ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ .
ﳏﻤﺪ ٌٌ
١٠
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
104
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
105
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
106
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
107
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
108
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109
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 7
Dalam bagian ini kita belajar mengenai penggunaan M3N yang merupakan bentuk
Unta betina
,pOV Telur
,pz/T
Bebek
,p5rT Mu’adzin
,+*;f,h
Suster
,ptQF,h Ayam betina
,p
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110
ﺎﺑِﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺱﺭ(ﺍﻟﺪ٧)
Some of the grammarians say that the ‘’ﻙ particle of address also
indicates upon far/distant and the ‘ِ’ﻝ shows upon even more or
increased furtherness/distance.
The letter/particle of address ‘’ﻙ is used if the person or object we are
addressing is masculine.
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The letter ﻱin ﺗِﻲis dropped when joined to the laam and kaaf and the
laam takes a sukoon ﺗِﻠﹾﻚ.
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Al-I’raab-ﺍﺏﺮﺍﹶﻹﻋ
:ﻳﻒِﺮﻌﺍﻟﺘ
.ﺮﺍﹰﻘﺪِﻳ ﺗﺎ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻭﻬﻠﹶﻴﺍﺧِﻠﹶﺔِ ﻋﺍﻣِﻞِ ﺍﻟﺪﻮﺘِﻼﻑِ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺍﺧِﺮِ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻠِﻢِ ﻻِﺧ ﺃﹶﻭﺮﻴِﻴﻐ ﺗ:ﻮ ﻫﺍﺏﺮﺍﻹِﻋ
The Definition:
The I’raab is: Changing of the endings of the words because of the
changing of the active elements entering upon them (the change is)
apparent or not-apparent.
The above definition for I’raab mentions the ending of words changing
what is meant by this is the changing of vowel markings that are on the
end or last letter of a word. It also mentions that it is the active elements
that enter upon a word that cause the change at the ending of a word, an
example of active elements are the ﻑﻭﺮ( ﺣletters/particles). The active
element is called ﺎﻣِﻞﹸ( ﺍﹶﻟﹾﻌal-‘aamil) in Arabic and the plural is ﺍﻣِﻞﹸﻮﺍﹶﻟﹾﻌ.
The definition also mentions that the change of a word can be apparent or
not apparent. What is meant by ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈﺎﹶapparent change is when the vowel
markings at the end of a word can be pronounced and when the vowel
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The table above illustrates types of I’raab and its origin signs.
ﻓﹾﻊ( ﺍﻟﺮar-raf’u) is when the end or last letter of a word takes a dhammah or
dhammataan ﺖﻴ ﺍﻟﹾﺒ/ ﺖﻴﺑ
ﺐﺼ( ﺍﻟﻨan-nasbu) is when the end or last letter of a word takes a fatha or
fathataan ﺖﻴ ﺍﻟﹾﺒ/ ﺘﹰﺎﻴﺑ
ﺮ( ﺍﻟﹾﺠal-jarru) is when the end or last letter of a word takes a khasrah or
khasrataan ِﺖﻴ ﺍﻟﹾﺒ/ ٍﺖﻴﺑ
Also when an ism is in the state of ﻓﹾﻊ( ﺍﻟﺮar-raf’u) it is called ﻉﻓﹸﻮﺮﻣ
(marfoo’).
When an ism is in the state of ﺐﺼﺍﻟﻨ (an-nasbu) it is called ﺏﻮﺼﻨﻣ
mansoob).
When an ism is in the state of ﺮ( ﺍﻟﹾﺠal-jarru) it is called ﺭﻭﺮﺠ( ﻣmajroor).
( ﺎﻣِﻞﹸ) ﺍﻟﹾﻌ
ِﻝﹲ ﺑِﻪﻮﻔﹾﻌﻣ
ﺭﻭﺮﺠ ﻣﻢ ﺍﻹِﺳﺏﻮﺼﻨﻣ ٍﺎﺽﻞﹸ ﻣﻓِﻌ
ﻉﻓﹸﻮﺮﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻋِﻞﹸ ﻣ
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The example above shows the three types of I’raab , ﻳﺪ ﺯis ﻉﻓﹸﻮﺮ ﻣthe
ﺎﻣِﻞﹲ( ﻋactive element) which is causing it to be ﻉﻓﹸﻮﺮ ﻣis the ٍﺎﺽﻞﹸ ﻣﻓِﻌ
(past tense verb) ﺢ ﺫﹶﺑ, َ ﺔﺎﺟﺟ ﺍﻟﺪis ﺏﻮﺼﻨ ﻣthe ﺎﻣِﻞﹲ( ﻋactive element)
which is causing it to be ﺏﻮﺼﻨ ﻣis the ٍﺎﺽﻞﹸ ﻣ( ﻓِﻌpast tense verb) ﺢﺫﹶﺑ,
ِ ﻦ ﱢﻜﻴ( ﺍﻟﺴknife) is ﺭﻭﺮﺠ ﻣthe ﺎﻣِﻞﹲ( ﻋactive element) which is causing it to
be ﺭ ﻭﺮﺠ ﻣis the (ِ )ﺏﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﺮ ﺣ.
The words which fall into the definition of I’raab as mentioned above are
known in Arabic as ﺏﺮﻌ( ﻣmu’rab).
ُﺎﺀ( ﺍﻟﹾﺒِﻨal-binaa)
ُﺎﺀ( ﺍﻟﺒِﻨal-binaa) are words which do not show change in their endings and
they are considered by the grammarians to be the opposite of words
which take ﺍﺏﺮ( ﺍﻹِﻋal-I’raab), as mentioned above. The words which
The definition explains that words which are ﻨِﻲﺒ ﻣtheir endings do not
change because of the ﺍﻣِﻞﹲﻮ( ﻋactive elements) entering upon them, but
rather they are built upon one ending which doesn’t change at all.
However, these words can grammatically have a place in I’raab but they
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The table above shows that words which areﻲ ِﻨﺒ ﻣcan fall into four types
of endings which do not change due to the ﺍﻣِﻞﹲﻮ ﻋentering upon them,
rather they are fixed or built upon that particular ending. There are four
possible endings, ْ*َة+آ
َ ،.َ/ْ0َ ،.12
َ ،ٌ!ْن4ُ 5
ُ .
The above example shows that the word ﻦ ﻣis ِﻪ ﺇﻟﹶﻴﺎﻑﻀﻣ and we know
that the mudhaaf ilaih is always majroor (takes kasrah), however the word
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ﻦ( ﻣwho) is ٍﻥﻜﹸﻮﻠﹶﻰ ﺳ ﻋﻨِﻲﺒﻣ (built upon a sukoon) so the ending will
always show a sukoon even though it is in the position or state of ﺮ( ﺍﻟﹾﺠal-
jarr) due to its place in the sentence. So the ﺎﻣِﻞﹲ( ﻋactive element) does
not affect the ending of a word that is ﻨِﻲﺒ( ﻣmabni).
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اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ ُ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﱠْ ُ
ﺗِـ ْ َ
ـﻠﻚ
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ ْ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، ِ ﻚِ ِْ:
إﺷﺎرةٍ ِْ ْ ِ
ﺗِْﻠ َ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ْ َ ِ َ
ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد ْ ُ َ ﱠ َ
اﺳﻢ َ َ ُ َ ُ
ﻏﲑُ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ
ﺑﻄﺔٌ ِْ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ َ ﱠ ﲰﻴﺔُ ِْ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ َُﱠ
ـﻴﻀﺔٌ ِْ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ ﺑَْ َ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺔٌ ِْ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ َِ َ
ﺗِْ َ
ﻠﻚ َﻧﺎﻗﺔٌَ ِْ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ َ ِ َ
ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔٌ
اﻹﺷﺎرةِ ِ ْ ِ ِ
أﺳﻤﺎءُ ِ َ َ َ
ﻟﻠﺒﻌﻴﺪ ََْ ﻳﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرةِ ِ ْ َ
ﻟﻠﻘ ِﺮ ِ أﺳﻤﺎءُ ِ َ َ
ََْ
ذﻟﻚ ﱢ ٌ ِ ِ ﺣﺴﲔ ِ َ .
ذﻟﻚ َ ٌَ
ﺣﺠﺮ ﻣﺆذن َ َ .
َ َ َُ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ
ﻫﺬا َ ٌ
ﻫﺬا ُ َ ٌْ َ ُْ َﱠُ
اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ َ َ
ﺗﻠﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺔُ ٍ
ﻋﺒﺎس . ٍ َأﺳﺎﻋﺔُ ﱠ ٍ ِ
ﻋﺒﺎس ﻫﺬﻩ ؟ ﻻ .ﻫﺬﻩ ﺳﺎﻋﺔُ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ َ ،
َ َ َ
١١
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119
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
120
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
121
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
122
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 8
3. ^3Nc ‘di belakang’ dan W= ‘di depan’. Kata benda (isim) yang mengikutinya juga
berakhiran ‘i’.
Rumah (itu) berada) di belakang masjid @Ah ^3Nc
/T
Hamid (berada) di depan guru !Q,h W= G
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123
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Y
N berarti ‘dia (lk) telah duduk’ (kt kerja bentuk lampau ‘fi’il madhi)
1. Buatlah pertanyaan dan jawaban sebagaimana di atas dengan menggunakan kata CF
‘milik siapa’
2. Bacalah yang berikut dengan tetap mengingat kaidah isim yang berakhiran â (a yang
dibaca panjang).
3. Baca dan tulislah dengan tetap mengingat kaidah ^3Nc dan W=
Amerika
0H= Pisau
C/0QA
Tertutup
Na Jerman
/:F3=
Irak
e? Inggris
23N0:X
Swiss
AH I Rumah sakit
lS12A,h*
*Perhatikah bahwa di akhir yang diucapkan alif tidak memiliki titik. Maka ] adalah
fi dan lNm adalah ‘ala.
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124
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣِﻦﺱﺭ( ﺍﻟﺪ٨)
(al-Badal)-ﻝﹸﺪﺍﻟﹾﺒ
ﺮﺒﺍﻟﹾﺨ ﺃﺪﺘﺒﺍﻟﹾﻤ
(al-badal) ﻝﹸﺪﺍﻟﹾﺒ
In the above example the ism ﻞﹸﺟ ﺍﻟﺮis grammatically known as ﻝﹸﺪ( ﺍﻟﹾﺒal-
35
125
here that if I were to say in Arabic, ‘ﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻜِﺘﺎﺏ’ﻫ this would not be
considered to be a complete or beneficial sentence. To make it a
beneficial sentence we must add a ﺮﺒ( ﺧkhabar), as shown in the example
above. The subject of ﻝﹸﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺒand the types of al-badal will be covered later
on inshaallaah.
The teacher is from America .ﺍﺮﻜﹶﻠﹾﺘ ﺇِﻧ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻟِﺐﻳﻜﹶﺎ ﻭِﺮ ﺃﹶﻣ ﻣِﻦﺱﺭﺪﺍﹶﻟﹾﻤ
and the student is from England.
ﺭﻮﻘﺼ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻢﺍﻹِﺳ
ٌﺔﺣﻮﻔﹾﺘﺔٌ ﻣ ﻻﹶﺯِﻣ ﺃﹶﻟِﻒﻩ ﺁﺧِﺮﺏﺮﻌ ﻣﻢ ﺍﺳﻮ ﻫﺭﻮﻘﺼ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻢ ﺍﻹِﺳ:ﻳﻒِﺮﻌﺍﻟﺘ
.ِﻛﹶﺎﺕﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻊﻤِﻴﻪِ ﺟﻠﹶﻴ ﻋﺭﻘﹶﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻗﹶﺒﻣ
The words ﻔﹶﻰﺸﺘﺴﻣ،ﺍﺮﻜﹶﻠﹾﺘﺇِﻧ،ﻰﺳﻮﻣ،ﻳﻜﹶﺎ ِﺮ ﺃﹶﻣall end with an binding alif or the
letter ﻯwhich looks like the letter ( ﻱya) except that it doesn’t have the
(mu’rab) it takes ﺍﺏﺮ( ﺍﹶﻹِﻋal-I’raab) but the I’raab is ﻳﺮِﻘﺪ( ﺗtaqdeer) not
apparent. The examples above illustrate this, the ismul-maqsoor (nouns
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126
ending with the binding alif at the end) are preceded by ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻑﻭﺮ ﺣbut
the change caused by the ﺠﺮ
ﺍﻟﹾﻑﻭﺮ ﺣis not apparent, the case of ﺮ( ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺠal-
jarr) cannot be seen. The Ismul-maqsoor falls into one of the categories
or types of words where the I’raab is ﺍﻳﺮِﻘﺪﺗ (please refer back to the
definition of I’raab).
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127
ِ
ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ُ
اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ
اﻹﺷﺎرةُ َِإﻟﻰ ْ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻤﻌﺮف َِ ْ
ﺑﺄل َُ ََِ
ﺒﻴﺖ ِ ﱠِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ . ذﻟﻚ اﻟ ُ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ِ ﱠ ِ ِ
ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺟﺮ . ﻫﺬا ُ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻃَﺒِ ٌ
ﻴﺐ . اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺗَ ِ
َ ذﻟﻚ ُ َ ﺎﺟٌﺮ . ﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ ُ
اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ .
ٌ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ
ذﻟﻚ ُ اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ .
اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ُﻫﺬا ُ
ﻟﻤﻦ ؟ِ
َْ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﱠ ِ ِ
ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺟﺮ . اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ؟ ﻫﺬا ُ
ﻟﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا ُ
ِ
ﻟﻤﻦ ؟ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ْ َ .
َْ
ِ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﱠِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ . ِ
ذﻟﻚ ُ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ؟ َ
ذﻟﻚ ُ ﻟﻤﻦ َ
َْ
ﺧﻠﻒ ََ َ
أﻣﺎم َ ْ َ ،
اﻹﻣﺎم ؟ ِﻫﻲ َأﻣﺎم ْ ْ ِ
ﺳﻴﺎرةُ ِ ِ اﻟﺴﺒﱡﻮرةُ أَﻣﺎم اﻟﻄﱡﻼﱠ ِ
اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ .
َ َ َ َ ََ ﻒ اﻟُْﻤَﺪﱢرِس َ َْ .
أﻳﻦ َ ﱠ َ َ ب .ا ﱠ
ﻟﺴﺒﱡَﻮرةُ َﺧْﻠ َ ﱠ َ ََ
ِ ٍ ﺟﻠﺲ َ ِ ٌ
اﻟﻄﻼب . ََ َ
أﻣﺎم ﺧﻠﻒ َ ْ ُ
ﻣﺤﻤﻮد . ﺟﻠﺲ َ ْ َ
ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ؟ َ أﻳﻦ َ َ َ
َ
ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ
ﻟﻠﻤﺪرس ٍ ِ .
ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ِ ّ ِ .
ِ ّ ِ ﺎﺟِﺮ ِ .ﱠ ِ ِ
ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻟِﻠﺘﱠ ِ
ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺪ .
ّ ﺟﺮ
ﺣﺮف َ ﱟ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺟﺮ .ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻼم ُ َْ : ُ
ﺧﻠﻒ
أﻣﺎم َ .
َ ِ
ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ
ذﻟﻚ ُ َ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ٌ
ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﻫﺬا
ُ
ﻇﺮف َ ٍ
ﻣﻜﺎن ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأٌ ٌ
ﺑﺪل ﻣﺒﺘﺪأٌ َ َ ٌ
ﺑﺪل َﺧﺒَ ٌـﺮ
َْ ُ َ ٌ ُ َْ َ
اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔَ ِ َ .
ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ْ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺣﺮوف اﻟـ ﱢ ِ
اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼءَ . ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ : ـﻬﺎﻳﺔَ ِ .ﰲ ُ ُ :
ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﱠْ ﱠ َ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔَ َِ .إﱃ ُ ُ :
ﺗﻔﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﱢ َ َ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ِْ َ َ
ﻣﻦ ُ ُ :
ﺠﺮ ْ ،
ُُ ُ َ
ﱠ ِ
ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ْ ِ ْ َ
اﻟﻤﻠﻚ . اﻟﻼم ُ ُ :
ُ
١٢
128
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131
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
132
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
133
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
134
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
135
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
136
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 9
/
Dalam Bahasa Arab kata sifat disebut na’t (
?: ) dan benda yang disifatinya disebut
man’ut ( ' ?V ). Kata sifat mengikuti kata benda dalam hal:
a) Jenis. Sifat dari benda mudzakar (maskulin) juga berbentuk mudzakar dan benda
mu’annats (feminin) juga berbentuk mu’annats. Contoh:
anak kecil laki-laki /ab anak kecil perempuan 8/ab
V
buku baru H
26 mobil baru 8H 8/I
b) Berbentuk ma’rifah (tertentu) atau nakirah (tak tentu). Jika bendanya isim ma’rifah
maka na’t-nya ma’rifah. Dan jika bendanya isim nakirah maka man’ut-nya juga
berbentuk nakirah. Contoh:
Bilal (adalah) guru baru H !Q 8v
Guru yang baru itu berada di dalam kelas .KS ] Hx !Q,h
c) Status. Kata sifat berstatus sama dengan benda yang disifatinya.
Ini rumah baru (hâdzihi bait-u-n jadîd-u-n ) H
/ 7
Saya berada di rumah (yang) baru (ana fi baitin jadîdin) 4H 4
/ ] :=
Rumah (yang) baru (itu) indah. 8./F Hx
/T
Siapa yang berada di rumah (yang) baru? (man fi-l-bait-i-l-jadid-i)
Hx
/T ] C <
2. Na’t yang berakhiran ‘-ân’ / alif dan nun tidak boleh tanwin
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Baca dan tulislah.
2. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata sifat yang sesuai
3. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata yang sesuai dengan kata sifat
4. Bacalah dengan menerapkan kaidah kata sifat yang berakhiran ‘â’.
Buah-buahan
,p6S Bahasa Inggris
,pH-/N@:y
Burung kecil
,SK ? Sukar
E?b
Burung
5r Kota Madinah
,pVHh
Bahasa Arab
,p/? Kairo
,Z
Bahasa
,paN Hari ini
W/
Mudah
8.I Mengapa
*F
Bersungguh-sungguh
2@ Gelas
,0
terkenal
/}
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139
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Perhatikan jika digunakan dengan isim ma’rifah , maka alif pada
dihilangkan.
Wy W
!Q,h !Q FN
4. Vm ‘dengan / di sisi / bersama’. Isim yang mengikutinya berharakat kasrah /
mempunyai akhiran ‘i’. Contoh:
Guru di sisi / bersama Kepala Sekolah H,h Vm !Q,h
Latihan:
1. Baca dan tulislah.
2. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata sifat yang terdapat dalam tanda kurung.
Perhatikan, jika isim mengandung maka kata sifatnya juga mengandung .
3. Baca dan tulislah.
Perpustakaan
,pT230h SMU
,pH:5 Klinik
^b2A,h Pasar
eiA
Sekarang
,+ Menteri
H Kipas angin
,pGh Indonesia
/A/: :X
Di sana
V Tajam
L)G Kuwait
H,0 jalan
k1
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ِ
اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ُ
ﱠﻌﺖ َ ْ ،
واﻟﻤ ْﻨـﻌُ ُ
ﻮت اﻟﻨـ ْ ُ
ﻟﻐﺔٌ َ ِ َ
ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔٌ . ْ َ َ ِﱠ
اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔُ ُ َ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ َِ ﱞ
ﻏﻨﻲ . ِ
ﻋﺒﺎس َ ٌ
َﱠ ٌ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ َِ ٌ
ﻃﺒﻴﺐ . اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ْ َ ِ ُ
ﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ ُ
ََ
ﻧﻌﺖ
ﻣﻨﻌﻮت ٌ
ٌ ﻣﻨﻌﻮت ٌ
ﻧﻌﺖ ٌ ـﻌﺖ
ـﻌﻮت ﻧَ ْ ٌ
َﻣﻨْ ُ ٌ
ﲨﻴﻞ
اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺔٌ ٌ اﻟﻐﲏ
ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﱡ
ﻋﺒﺎس ٌ ﻛﺮﱘُ َِ ٌ
ﻃﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ َ ِ
ﻫﺬا ﱠ ُ ُ
ََ
ِ
ﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻜﻮب ﱢ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺪرس اﻟـ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ِ
ﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟـﻤﺮوﺣﺔُ ﰲ ِ
اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ِ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرةُ اﻟـ ِ
ُ ﻤﻦ َﻟَ ْ
اﻟﱠ ِـﺬي
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد ْ َ ﱠ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، ٌِ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ْ َ ِ َ اﻟﱠﺬي ٌ ْ :
اﺳﻢ َ ْ ُ
ﻣﻮﺻﻮل ْ ُ ْ َ ُ
ﻏﲑُ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ
اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ِْ ُ َ ﱢ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺪرس ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ْ َ ِ ْ ِ ﱠِ
اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي ََ َ
َ ُ
اﻟﺬي ﺧﺮج ِﻣﻦ اﻟْـ ِ ْ ِ
ﻬﻨﺪ ََ َ َ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﱠ ِ
ِ
ﱠ ُ
ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ْ َ ِ ﻟﻤﻦ ْ َ َ ﱠ ِ
ِ ﻣﻦ اﻟْﻮَﻟﺪ ﱠ ِ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ؟ َِ ُ
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ََ َ ﺧﺮ َج ؟
اﻟﺼﻐﲑُ اﻟﺬي َ َ َِ َ ُ
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 10
2. Sebagaimana yang kita lihat ‘bukumu’ adalah M 26 dan ‘bukunya’ adalah o 26.
Kata untuk ‘ayah’ adalah
= dan untuk ‘saudara laki-laki’ adalah = .
‘Saudara laki-lakimu’ adalah c= dan bukan M c= .
harus ditambahkan diantara mudhaf dan mudhaf ilaih. Dengan cara yang sama
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
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3. Kita telah belajar bahwa kata Vm berarti “bersama dengan / di sisi”. Ia juga
4. Kita telah belajar mengenai kata depan berarti ‘milik…’. Apabila diikuti oleh kata
ganti milik maka harakatnya berubah menjadi fathah ( M .( ‘milikmu’, o
‘miliknya (lk)’, ‘miliknya (pr), tetapi ‘milikku’ berharakat kasrah.
Catatan:
= Berarti ‘saya mempunyai seorang saudara laki-laki’. Secara harafiah berarti
‘saudara laki-laki milikku’.
L>] Berarti ‘saya mempunyai mulut’, secara harafiah berarti ‘mulutku’.
Keliru jika mengatakan L>] Vm / = Vm karena Vm digunakan untuk
sesuatu yang dapat terpisahkan, sedangkan hubungan (kekeluargaan) dan bagian
tubuh tidak termasuk dari jenis ini.
5. Kita telah mempelajari ' E* ‘dia (lk) telah pergi’. Sekarang kita belajar '
T*
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8, p?@3 “di universitas” adalah kata depan yang berarti ‘di, pada’.
Perhatikan bahwa V,h pVHh ,p/FNIy ,p?x berarti ‘Universitas Islam di
Madinah Al-Munawarah’.
9. Pada pelajaran 1 kita telah mempelajari bahwa berarti ‘apa’. Kata ini juga
digunakan sebagai partikel negatif, maka: 8/I Vm berarti ‘saya tidak
mempunyai mobil’.
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut.
2. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata ganti milik yang sesuai.
3. Buatlah lima pertanyaan dan jawaban seperti pola yang terdapat pada contoh.
4. Buatlah lima pertanyaan dan jawaban seperti pola yang terdapat pada contoh.
5. Tambahkanlah kata ganti milik pada kata benda berikut sebagaimana yang terdapat
pada contoh. Hilangkan tanwin sebelum menambahkan kata ganti.
Kitâb-u-n kitab-u-ka
Kata ganti milik orang pertama akhiran ‘-u’ juga harus dihilangkan.
Kitâb-u-n kitab-i
6. Bacalah yang berikut ini.
7. Bacalah yang berikut ini.
8. Bacalah yang berikut ini.
9. Bacalah yang berikut ini dan kemudian bacalah isim a’lam dengan akhiran yang
benar.
Teman
,./- Pemuda
l2S
Suami
u- Satu
G
nak kecil
A
,.3Sr
(lk)
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ِ
ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ْ َ ُ
اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ
ِ
ﱠَ ُ
اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ
اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋِﺮ َ ََ ِ
ـﻴﺘﻚ . ﻫﻲ -١ :اﻟُْﻤﺘََﻜﻠﱢُﻢ ََ :أﻧﺎ ،ﺑَْ ِـﻴﱵ ُ َ َ ُ ْ -٢ .
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ َ َْ :
أﻧﺖ ،ﺑَُْ َ ﺛﻼﺛﺔٌ َ ، ﱠَ ُ
ﻫﻮ ،ﺑَُْـﻴﺘﻪُ . ِ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ َ ُ :
ُ َ ْ -٣
ﳏﻤﺪ .اﲰﻲ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ َِ .أﰊ وُﱢأﻣﻲ ﰲ ِ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ :ﻫﺬا ﺑ ِـﻴﱵ ِْ ِ . ﱢ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ . َ اﲰﻲ ٌ َْ ﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ َو ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ اﻟـ ُ
ِْ ِ
أخ .ـﻠﻢ ِ .ﱄ َ ٌ ﻋﻨﺪي ﻗَ َ ٌ
أﻣﻚ ﰲ ِ ﺗﻚ َِ َ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ . أﺑﻮك َوُﱡ َ
ﲨﻴﻠﺔٌ َ َُ . ﺳﻴﺎ َرُ َ
اﲰﻚ ؟ َ ﱠ
ـﻴﺘﻚ َ .ﻣﺎ ُْ َ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ُ
ﻤﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﺬا ﺑَُْ َ ُْ َ َ ُ
أﻟﻚ َ ٌ
أخ ؟ ﻗﻠﻢ ؟ ََ َ َ ِْ َ َ
أﻋﻨﺪك ٌ
أﻣﻚ ﰲ ِ ِ
أﺑﻮك و ﱡ ِ ِ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ .ﻣﺎ ُ ِ
ﻤﺆﻧﺚ :ﻫﺬا ُ ِ
ﻃﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ . اﲰﻚ ؟ ﺳﻴﺎرُﺗﻚ ﲨﻴﻠﺔٌ ُ . اﻟْﻤﺨﺎ َ ُ
أخ ؟
أﻟﻚ ٌ ِ
أﻋﻨﺪك ﻗﻠﻢ ؟ َ ِ
َ ٌ
أﺑﻮﻩ وأُﱡﻣﻪ ﰲ ِ ِ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ . ُُ ُ ﺑﻴﺘﻪُ .ﻣﺎ ُ
اﲰﻪُ ؟ ﺳﻴﺎرُﺗﻪُ ﲨﻴﻠﺔٌ . اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ُ
ﻤﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﺬا ُ َْ ُ
أخ ؟ ِ
ﻗﻠﻢ ؟ َأﻟﻪُ ٌ
ﻨﺪﻩُ ٌ
أﻋ َ
ﻤﺆﻧﺚ :ﻫﺬا ﺑﻴﺘُـﻬﺎ .ﻣﺎ اﲰﻬﺎ ؟ ﺳﻴﺎرﺗُـﻬﺎ ﲨﻴﻠﺔٌ .أﺑﻮﻫﺎ و ﱡأﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ِ
اﻟﺒﻴﺖ . اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ُ
َُ َ َ َُ َ ُ
أخ ؟
ﻗﻠﻢ ؟ أﻟَـَﻬﺎ ٌ
أﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ٌ
ََ
ِْ ِ
ﻋﻨﺪي ِ ،ﻟﻲ
اﺟﺔٌ .
ﺳﺎﻋﺔٌ .ﻋﻨﺪي َد ﱠر َ
ِ
ﻛﺘﺎب .ﻋﻨﺪي َ َ
ﻋﻨﺪي َ ٌ ﻟﻐﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِﻋْﻨِﺪي ِ :
اﺑﻦ َ ِْ ٌ
وﺑﻨﺖ .ﱄ ُأمﱞ َوَ ٌ
أب . أﺧﺖ َو ِ َ
اﺣﺪةٌ .ﱄ ْ ٌ ﱄ ُْ ٌ ِﱄ ِ :
ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ﻛﺘﺎب ؟
أﻟﻚ ٌ ﻛﺘﺎب ؟
أﻋﻨﺪك ٌ أخ ؟
أﻋﻨﺪك ٌ أخ ؟
أﻟﻚ ٌ
١٤
156
َﻣـ َـﻊ
زوﺟﻬﺎ .
ﻣﻌﻬﺎ َ ْ ُ َ ََِ
ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔُ َ َ َ ﻣﻊ ْ ُ َ ْ ِ ِ
اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس . ِ
ذﻫﺐ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ َ َ ََ َ
ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ ِ ٍ
ِ
َﺧَﺮَج َ ٌ َ َ َ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ .
ﻣﻌﻲ ِ ِ
ِ ِ
ﻳﺎﻋﻠﻲ ؟ َ َ
زﻣﻴﻠﻲ . ﻣﻌﻚ َ َ ﱡ
َﻣْﻦ َ َ َ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ
ﻣﻊ ٌ ﻣﻊ ٍ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ
ََ ََ
زوﺟﻬﺎ
ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔُ َﻣَﻌﻪُ ُ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔُ َﻣَﻌَﻬﺎ ُ
زوﺟﻬﺎ
ﻳﺎﻋﻠﻲ ؟ َﻣَﻌ َ
ﻚ زﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻚ ﱡ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ
ْ ﻳﺎﻋﻠﻲ ؟ َﻣﻌِﻲ زﻣﻴﻠﻲ
ﻣﻌﻚ ﱡ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ
ْ
ﻣﻊ ٍ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ََ
ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ
اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻮم ِ ِ
ﺑﺘﺎء ﱠ ِْ ِ
ـﻮن
اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻻَ ﻳُـﻨَ ﱠ ُ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ََْ ُ
ﺣﺴﲔ َ َ ُ :
أﺳﺎﻣﺔُ . ُ َ ٌْ ﳏﻤﻮد َِ َ ُ :
ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔُ َْ ُ ٌ ﻃﻠﺤﺔُ َ ٌِ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ َ َْ : ﲪﺰة ُ
ﳏﻤﺪ ََْ :
َُ ﱠ ٌ
١٥
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Pelajaran 11
Objek dari sebuah kata kerja– berada dalam bentuk KV ‘manshub’, memiliki
akhiran ‘-a’ (fathah), namun tidak tampak pada kata benda yang melekat padanya
kata ganti milik orang pertama.
3
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kata ‘dan’ biasanya ditambahkan hanya pada akhir kalimat, sedangkan
dalam bahasa Arab setiap kata dipisahkan oleh wa.
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171
ِ
اﻟﺤﺎدي َ َ َ
ﻋﺸﺮ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ْ َ َ
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ِ ِ
ﻓﻲ ُ َ +
ﺟﺮ .
ﺣﺮف َ ﱟ
ﰲ ُ َْ :
َﻳﺎءُ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ ِ
اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ
ﺿِﻤﲑٌ ِْ ُ َ َ ﱢِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ . ﻳﺎءُ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﱢِﻢ َ :
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﱵ َِ .أﰊ ُ .ﱢأﻣﻲ ِ َ .
أﺧﻲ ِ ْ ُ . ﺣﻘﻴﺒﱵ .ﺑ َ ِ
ـﻠﺪي ِ َ ِ َ . ِ
أﺧﱵ . ﺑَْ ِـﻴﱵ .ﻏُْﺮَِﻓﱵ َ َِ َ .
١٦
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Pelajaran 12
Jika kata kerja ‘fi’il’ seperti ini diikuti , sukun dirubah menjadi kashrah. Contoh:
ِ
ﻋﺸﺮ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ َ َ َ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ﱠ َ
ﻛﺎف ْ ُ َ َ ِ
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ َ ُ
ﺿﻤﲑٌ ِْ َ َ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ . اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ِ َ :
ِ ﺎف
َﻛ ُ
ُ
ﻴﻞ . ﺑَُ ِ ﺣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ َِأﰊ ؟ ِ
اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ِ
ـﻴﺘﻚ َﲨ ٌ
َْ ﻛﻴﻒ َ ُ َ
َْ َ اﲰﻚ ؟
ﻤﺬﻛﺮ َ :ﻣﺎ ُْ َ ﺿﻤﲑُ
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ َ ِ ُ
ﻳﺎﺧﺎﻟﺪ ؟ ﻫﺬا ْ َ َ ُ ََ َ
أﻟﻚ َ َ
ِ ِ
ﲨﻴﻞ . ﻛﻴﻒ ُ ِ
ﺣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ُﱢأﻣﻲ ؟ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﻟْ ﱠ ِ
ﻤﺆﻧﺚ :ﻣﺎ ُْ ِ ِ
ﺑَُْـﻴﺘﻚ َ ٌ َْ َ َ اﲰﻚ ؟ َ ﺿﻤﲑُ
ِ
ﻳﺎﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ ؟ ََ ِ
أﻟﻚ َ َ
اﻟﻘﻠﻢ َ َ
ﻫﺬا ْ َ َ ُ
ََأﻧﺎَ َْ َ ،
وأﻧﺖ
أﻧﺖ :ﺿﻤﲑٌ ِْ َ َ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ . َْ َ ﺿﻤﲑٌ ِْ ُ َ َ ﱢِ
ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ . أَﻧَﺎِ َ :
ُ
ﱢ
ﳏﻤﺪ .أﻧﺎ ﺧﺪﳚﺔُ .
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ .أﻧﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔٌ .أﻧﺎ ٌ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﱠ ُ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ و ﱠ ُ
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ ََ ) :أﻧﺎ ( أﻧﺎ ٌ ُ
ِ
س؟
ﻣﺪر ٌ أﻧﺖ ؟ ََْ َ
أأﻧﺖ ﱢ ﻣﻦ َﻃﺒﻴﺐ ْ َ .
أﻧﺖ ٌﻣﻬﻨﺪس َ .
أﻧﺖ ُ َ ْ ٌ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ َ َْ ) :
أﻧﺖ ( َ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ّ ُ
َُ
أﻧﺖ ؟ ََْ ِ
أﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺔٌ .ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔٌ ِ . ِ
أأﻧﺖ ُ َ ﱢ َ
ﻣﺪرﺳﺔٌ ؟ َْ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ َْ ) :أﻧﺖ ( أﻧﺖ ُ َ ْ َ
اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ّ
َ
ﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ َْ ِ ُ
١٧
178
ﱠِ
اﻟﺬي ،ﱠِ
اﻟﺘﻲ
١٨
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Pelajaran 13
2. Jamak salim terdiri dari maskulin atau feminin (jamak mudzakar salim dan jamak
mu’annats salim). Jamak mudzakar salim memilihi akhiran ‘-ûna’. Contoh:
>NA + FNA
Muslim-u-n muslim-ûna
!Q + IQ
Mudarris-u-n mudarris-ûna
Perhatikan bahwa dalam bentuk tunggal –mufrad- memiliki ‘a’ yang dibaca pendek
sebelum ‘t’ (muslimat-u-n) dan ‘t’ tersebut adalah ‘ta marbutho’ dan pada bentuk
jamak ‘a’ dibaca panjang dan ‘t’ adalah ‘ta ta’nis’.
Dalam pengucapan, satu-satunya perbedaan antara bentuk mufrad dan jamak adalah
panjang pendeknya ‘a’:
Muslimat-u-n muslimât-u-n
Jamak taksir. Penggunaan jamak taksir sangat meluas dalam Bahasa Arab. Terdapat
lebih dari dua puluh pola dari jamak taksir. Beberapa diantaranya diberikan dalam
pelajaran ini.
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Para pelajar dianjurkan untuk mempelajari bentuk-bentuk jamak untuk setiap kata
benda dan kata sifat baru yang dipelajarinya.
4
Nomot 1, 2 dan 3 merujuk pada huruf-huruf pertama, kedua, dan ketiga.
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2. Bentuk jamak dari 7 dan D7 adalah g ; (hâ-ulâ-i). Contoh:
Perhatikan bahwa g ; sebagian besar digunakan untuk manusia. Penggunaannya
terhadap selain manusia sangat jarang. Lihat pelajaran 16 untuk mengetahui
penggunaannya terhadap selain manusia.
3. Bentuk jamak dari adalah > ‘mereka’ (maskulin). Tidak seperti bentuk mufrad
Perhatikan bahwa kata ‘mereka’ dan ‘milik mereka’ bentuknya sama ( > ).
4. Kita telah belajar E* ‘dia (telah) pergi. Sekarang kita mempelajari ‘mereka (telah)
pergi’ T* dzahabû. Perhatikan, terdapat alif di akhir kata yang tidak dilafalkan.
Kita akan belajar bentuk feminin pada bagian B.
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Latihan:
1. Ubahlah subjek kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak sebagaimana yang
ditunjukkan dalam contoh.
2. Gantilah kata yang digarisbawahi ke dalam bentuk jamak dan susunlah kembali
kalimat tersebut.
3. Buatlah kata-kata berikut berbentuk mudhaf menggunakan pertama, kata benda, dan
kemudian kata ganti sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam contoh.
Perhatikan di akhir kata benda berakhiran alif dan hamzah, hamzah ditulis di atas
waw ketika diikuti kata ganti, tetapi ketika diikuti oleh kata benda, hamzah tetap
dituliskan independen. Contoh:
Anak-anak Muhammad 8JK19 (2+FC=
Anak-anaknya D V=
4. Gantilah subjek dari kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak, sebagaimana yang
ditunjukkan dalam contoh.
5. Baca dan tulislah.
6. Tulislah bentuk jamak kata benda dan kata sifat berikut.
J dari l2] ‘pemuda’ p8 /2] J dari >IX ‘nama’ fgFI=
J dari .8 HJ ‘tinggi’ 8 J J dari 8. ‘laki-laki’ 8
J dari E
J ‘pelajar’
5v,J Manusia
!V
J dari H ‘baru’ ) J dari /KO ‘pendek’ KO
Tamu; s / t (j) ^
/t J dari LuG ‘haji’ u@ G
Desa
8pHO J dari Hb ‘teman’ fgOb=
Ladang; 8,Z G (j) .8 3ZG Restoran
>?3rF3
J dari .8 /4 ‘teman fgv J dari C‘anak (lk)’ fgV=
J dari 2@ + 2@ Orang tua, orang yang
`/}
‘bersungguh-sungguh’
terpelajar / } (j)
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Bentuk jamak dari ‘miliknya (pr)’ adalah C . Perhatikan, dhamir ‘mereka
(pr)’ dan kata ganti ‘milik mereka’ adalah sama.
Mereka (pr) adalah teman kelasku dan ini rumah mereka C 2/ 7 v/ C
2. Kita telah belajar bentuk jamak dari D7 adalah g ; , sama antara mudzakar dan
mu’annats.
3. Kita telah belajar pada bagian A T* berarti ‘mereka (lk) (telah) pergi’. ‘Mereka
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V
'V
Bint-u-n banât-u-n
c,= 'c=
Ukht-u-n akhwât-u-n
82] '/2]
Fatât-u-n fatayât-u-n
Latihan:
1. Gantilah subjek dari kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak. Perhatikan, ajektif (kata
sifat) seperti ) 8J ab T6 sama untuk maskulin dan feminin.
2. Baca dan tulislah.
3. Gantilah subjek dari kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak.
4. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan menggunakan kata ganti penunjuk :
( g ; D7 7 )
Guru wanita
8 *2I,= Wanita (bentuk jamak dari
akar yang berbeda)
fgAQV
Isteri
8p
Bibi (saudari
ayah)
8pFm
wanita
,=h Suami
u
RS Bersalin
lS12A
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Pada bagian ini, kita belajar, bentuk jamak dari M* dan M3N adalah M,= .
Perhatikan waw pada M,= tidak dilafalkan. Kata tersebut diucapkan ulâ’ika.
Latihan:
1. Gantilah subjek dari kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak sebagaimana yang
ditunjukkan pada contoh.
2. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan menggunakan kata ganti penunjuk M3N M*
M,=
3. Tulislah bentuk jamak dari kata benda berikut.
4. Bacalah yang berikut dengan tetap mengingat bahwa broken plural ini tidak memiliki
tanwîn di bagian akhir.
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ﻋﺸﺮ اﻟﺪرس ﱠ ِ َ
اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ َ َ َ ﱠْ ُ
ﻫ ُ َِ
ـﺆﻻء َ
اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ ،و ْ ﱠ ِ ﻳﺐ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ْ ُ َ ﱠ ِ َ ُ َ
اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ . اﻟﻘ ِﺮ ِ
ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ْ َ ﻫﺆﻻء ِ ْ ِ :
إﺷﺎرةٍ ِْ َ ْ ِ َِ
اﺳﻢ َ َ
ُ َُ
ﻃﻮﻳﻞ َِ :
ﻫﺆﻻء ِﻃ َﻮ ٌال . ﻃﺒﻴﺐ َِ :
ﻫﺆﻻء َ ِ ﱠ ﻫﺬا رﺟﻞ َِ :
ﻫﺬا َ ِ ٌ َ ُ أﻃﺒﺎءُ . ﻫﺬا َِ ٌ َ ُ ﻫﺆﻻء ِ َ ٌ
رﺟﺎل . َ َ ٌ َُ
ُﻫ ْـﻢ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ﲨﻊ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﱠ ِ ﻫﻢ :ﺿﻤﲑُ َْ ِ
ُْ
ِ
اﻟﻤﻬﺠﻊ . زﻣﻼؤك ؟ ُ ْ
ﻫﻢ ﰲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ﲡﺎر َ َْ .
أﻳﻦ َُ َُ َ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء ؟ ُ ْ
ﻫﻢ ُﱠ ٌ َْ
ـﻨﺎؤك ؟ ﻻ .ﻫﻢ أَﺑ َـﻨﺎء َ ِ
أﺧﻲ . َ ﺑَأ أﻫﻢ َ ؟ ﻣﻦ ِ
ﻫﺆﻻء
ُ ْ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ ْ ُ َْ
ﻋﻨﺪ ْ ُ ِ ِ
اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ . ـﻌﻀﻬﻢ ِْ َ ـﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ،وﺑَ ْ ُ ُ ْ اﳉﺪد ؟ ﺑَ ْ ُ ُ ْ أﻳﻦ ﱡ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻄﻼب ُْ ُ ُ َ
١٩
195
واو ْ َ ِ
اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ
َ ُ ََ
ِ
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ .
وﻫﻮ ْ َ ُ ـﺘﺼﻞ ِ ْ ِ ْ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ُ َ ،
ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻳَﱠ ُ
ﺎﻋِﺔ :ﺿﻤﲑٌ ّ ِ
َوُاو اﻟْـَﺠَﻤ َ
ﺮﺟﻮا .
ﺟﻠﺴﻮا َ .ﺧَ ُ
ذﻫﺒُﻮا ُ َ َ .
ََ
ذﻫﺒُﻮا إﱃ ْ َ ْ َ ِ
اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ . اﻟﻄﻼب َ َ ذﻫﺐ ﱡ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﻄﻼب ؟
ُ أﻳﻦ َ َ َ
َ
ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ . ﺟﻠﺴﻮا ﰲ
اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻮن َ َ ُ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ُ ْ .ﱢ ُ َ اﳌﺪرس َ َ َ
ﱢُ
ﺧﺮﺟﻮا . ِ
اﻟﺘﺠﺎر َ َ ُ
ﺧﺮ َج .ﱡ ﱠ ُ
اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ َ َ
ﱠ ُ
ﺧﺮﺟـ ـﻮا .
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ
ٌ ﻓﻌﻞ
ٌ
٢٠
196
ُﻫ ﱠـﻦ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ْ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ِ َُ ﲨﻊ
ﻫﻦ :ﺿﻤﲑُ ِ
ُﱠ
َأﻳﻦ َُ ِ
زﻣﻼؤك ؟ ُ ﱠ ﻣﺪرﺳﺎت . ﻣﻦ َِ
اﻟﻤﻬﺠﻊ .
ﻫﻦ ﰲ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ْ َ َُ ﻫﻦ ُ َ ﱢ َ ٌ
ﻫﺆﻻء ؟ ُ ﱠ
َ ْ َُ
ﻫﻦ ﺑ َـﻨﺎت َ ِ أﻫﻦ أَﺑ َ ُ ِ ِ
أﺧﻲ . ـﻨﺎؤك ؟ ﻻ ُ .ﱠ َ ُ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء ؟ َ ُ ﱠ ْ
َْ
ـﻌﻀﻬﻦ ِْ َ ِ
ﻤﺪﻳﺮةِ . ِ
ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟْ ُ َ ـﻌﻀﻬﻦ ﰲ ْ َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ،وﺑَ ْ ُ ُ ﱠ اﳉﺪد ؟ ﺑَ ْ ُ ُ ﱠ أﻳﻦ ﱠ َ ُ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت ُْ ُ ُ َ
َﺗﺎء ﱠ ِْ ِ
اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ُ
وﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﱠ ِ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻳ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ،ﱡ اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ِ ٌ :
َﺗﺎء ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ٌ
ﻣﺆﻧﺚ . أن ْ َ َ ـﺘﺼﻞ ْ ْ ِ َ
ﺣﺮف َ ٌ َ ُ
َْ ُ
ِ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ .ذﻫﺒﺖ زﻳ َـﻨﺐ إﱃ ْ ْ ِ ِ ِ
ذﻫﺒﺖ .
ﺧﺪﳚﺔُ ْ
اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ َ َ .
َ ََ َ َ ْ َْ ُ ِ ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﰲ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔُ .ﱠ َ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔُ َ َ َ ْ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ َ َ
ََ َ ْ
ﻧﻮن اﻟﻨﱢﺴﻮةِ
ُ ُ َْ
ِ
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ .
وﻫﻮ ْ َ ُ ـﺘﺼﻞ ِ ْ ِ ْ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ َ ُ َ ،
ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻳَﱠ ُ
ﻮن اﻟﻨﱢﺴﻮةِ :ﺿﻤﲑ ﱠ ِ
ٌ ﻧُ ُ
ِ ِ
ذﻫﱭ .
اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺎت َ َ ْ َ ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ُ ْ .ﱢ َ ُ ﺟﻠﺴﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ .ﱠ َ ُ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت َ َ ْ َ ﺧﺮﺟ ـ ـَﻦ َ
ﻣﻦ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ﱠِ َ ُ
اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺒﺎت َ َ ْ
ِ ِ
ﻓﻌﻞ َ ٌ
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ٌْ
ُ ْأوﻟَ ِ َ
ـﺌﻚ
ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ْ ِ ِ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ ،و ﱠ ِ
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ . اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ِِ َ ُ أُوﻟَﺌِ َ
ﻚ :اﺳﻢ إﺷﺎرةٍ
٢١
197
ﻫﻦ َِ َ ٌ
ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎت. اﻟﻨﺴﺎءُ اﻟﻄﱢَﻮ ُال ؟ ُ ﱠ
ﻟﺌﻚ ﱢ َ
ﻣﻦ أو َ
َْ
ﻳﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرةِ ِ ْ َ
ﻟﻠﻘ ِﺮ ِ أﺳﻤﺎءُ ِ َ َ
ََْ
رﺟﺎل ِ
ﻫﺆﻻء ِ َ ٌ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﲑُ ِ
ُ اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ُ
ُ ﻛﺘﺎب
ﻫﺬا رﺟﻞٌ ،ﻫﺬا ٌ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
ِِ وﻏﲑ ِ
ﻧﺴﺎءٌ
ﻫﺆﻻء َ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ُ
ُ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻣﺮأةٌ ،ﻫﺬﻩ ﺳﻴﺎرةٌ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
أﺳﻤﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرةِ ِ ْ ِ ِ
ﻟﻠﺒﻌﻴﺪ
َ ُ
رﺟﺎل
أوﻟﺌﻚ ٌ
َ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ُ
ُ ﻛﺘﺎب
ذﻟﻚ رﺟﻞٌ ،ذﻟﻚ ٌ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﲑُ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
أوﻟﺌﻚ ﻧﺴﺎءٌ
َ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ُ
ُ ﺳﻴﺎرةٌ
ﺗﻠﻚ اﻣﺮأةٌ ،ﺗﻠﻚ َ ﱠ َ وﻏﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
ََْ
اﻷﺳﻤﺎءُ ْ َ ُ َ
اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔُ
ﻣﻌﻚ ِ
ﻛﺘﺎﰊ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي َ َ َ
ُ ﻣﻦ ِﻟﻴْﺒ َـﻴﺎ ،
اﻟﺬي َ ِ
ذﻫﺐ ْ
َ َ
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﱠ ِ
ُ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﲑُ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
ﻌﻚ ِ
ﺣﻘﻴﺒﱵ ذﻫﺒﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﱡ ِ
اﻟﺴﻮدان ،اﳊﻘﻴﺒﺔُ اﻟﱵ َﻣ َ َ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔُ ﱠِ وﻏﲑ ِ
َ اﻟﱵ َ َ َ ْ ْ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ُ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ُ
ُ
ﻛﺘﺐ
ﻟﺌﻚ ُ ُ ٌ
أو َ رﺟﺎل وﻧﺴﺎءٌ
ﻟﺌﻚ ٌأو َ
٢٢
198
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 14
Dimana rumah kalian, saudara-saudaraku? ,+cX H >,0 2/ CH=
2. Bentuk jamak dari := ‘saya’ adalah C: ‘kami’. Seperti := , jamaknya C: juga
berlaku untuk maskulin dan feminin. Contoh:
Kami adalah muslim + FNA C:
Kami adalah muslimah 'FNA C:
Kita telah belajar 2/ berarti ‘rumahku’. Sekarang kita belajar ‘rumah kami’ adalah
3.
T* berarti ‘kamu (telah) pergi’. > 2T* Berarti ‘kalian (telah) pergi’. Contoh:
Kemana kalian pergiH anak-anakku? < V= H > 2T* CH=
4.
T* berarti ‘saya (telah) pergi’. Dan ‘kami telah pergi’ adalah VT* dzahabnâ.
Perhatikan, mereka (telah) pergi (pr) adalah CT* dzahabna. Perbedaan diantara
keduanya adalah dalam CT* , huruf ‘a’ terakhir pendek, sedangkan dalam VT*
panjang.
_______________________________________________________________ 38
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223
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Kita telah mempelajari bahwa nama wanita tidak memiliki tanwin contoh: ,p@Hc
>H ,pV
Sekarang kita mempelajari bahwa nama-nama selain dari nama Arab ('ajam) juga
tidak memiliki tanwin. Contoh: ,+2A6 ,+V N2 >/3
Nama sebagian besar para nabi adalah non Arab, dan oleh karena itu tidak memiliki
tanwin. Contoh: ,Z?H ,./mX eIX >/X W)=
Akan tetapi jika nama non Arab hanya memiliki tiga huruf dan maskulin, maka ia
memiliki tanwin. Contoh: 8c (George) u 8%, R :
6. Kita telah belajar bahwa mudhaf adalah ma’rifah karena posisinya. Maka ketika
mudhaf memiliki ajektif maka ajektif (kata sifat) tersebut harus berbentuk ma’rifah.
Contoh:
Rumah baru (sang) imam Hx Wy
/
Disini,
/ adalah mudhaf, dan ini ma’rifah karena posisinya sebagai mudhaf. Hal
yang sama juga berlaku terhadap mudhaf yang mudhaf ilaihnya adalah kata ganti
milik. Contoh: Hx o 2/ “rumah barunya’.
Perhatikan yang berikut:
Rumah baru (sang) imam Hx Wy
/
Rumah (sang) imam (yang) baru Hx Wy
/
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut ini.
2. Baca dan tulislah.
3. Gunakanlah kata benda berikut dengan kata ganti milik sebagaimana yang
ditunjukkan di dalam contoh.
4. Bacalah.
5. Bacalah kata benda berikut ini dengan tetap mengingat kaidah tiga huruf nama orang
non Arab.
Selamat datang
TG vI v= Konstitusi (hukum)
2Ii
Bayi (pr)
p, N3SJ Kiblat
,pNTZ
Bandara
rh Pengadilan
,pF0h
Fakultas
p, /N,0 Cucu (lk), 8SG (j) /SG
Fakultas kedokteran
E
r p8 /N,6 Kebun
,pZHq
Fakultas teknik
p IVw ,p/N,6 Tuhan
i
Fakultas
(Perdagangan
ekonomi
@Q2 ,p/N,6 Hari sabtu
TA WH
Fakultas Syariat
p ?H1 ,p/N,6 Bulan
1
Kristen, K: (j) L:K: Bulan Rajab
E
Nabi
i TV Yunani
,+: /
Agama
C HQ (j) dari = 8cX
Semoga Allah memberikan kesembuhan kepadanya (lk)
f DS}
_______________________________________________________________ 40
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225
ﻋﺸﺮ اﻟﺪرس اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِ َ
اﺑﻊ َ َ َ ﱠْ ُ
ِ إﺿﺎﻓﺔُ َ ِ
ِ َ َ َْ
اﻷﺳﻤﺎء إﻟﻰ َ َ
ﺿﻤﻴﺮي
ِ
ْ ُ َ َِ َ
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ ،و ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ
اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ
ِ
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ ﱠ ِ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔُ إﱃ َ ِ ِ
وﺳﻠﻢ َ ﱡ ُ ْ
ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ . ﳏﻤﺪ َ ﱠ
ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲُ ََْ َ َ ﱠﱯ ٌاﻟﻨِ ﱡ ﻜﻢ . ﺿﻤﲑ ْ ُ َ َِ َ
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺒﲔ :اﷲُ َرﺑﱡ ُ ْ
ﺑُُ ِ ِ َ ِ
ﲨﻴﻞ .
ـﻴﺘﻜﻢ َ ٌ
َْ ْ ﻣﺪرﺳﻜﻢ ؟ َْ َ
أﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ ُ ُ ْ ﻟﻐﺘﻜﻢ ؟
دﻳﻨﻜﻢ َ .ﻣﺎ ُ َُ ُ ْ
اﻹﺳﻼم ُ ُ ْ
ْ ُ
ﺻﱠﻠﻰ اﷲُ ََْ ِ ﱠ
وﺳﻠﻢ َﻧﺒِﻴﱡ َـﻨﺎ ُ َ ْ ِ .
ِ
ﺿﻤﲑ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ َ
اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ :اﷲُ َرﺑﱡَـﻨﺎ .اﻟﻨِ ﱡ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔُ إﱃ ِ
اﻹﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ َ َ َ ﳏﻤﺪ َ
ﱠﱯ ٌ
ﲨﻴﻞ .ِ ِدﻳﻨَُـﻨﺎ .ﱡ
اﻟﻠﻐﺔَُ ْ َ ِ
اﻟﻌَﺮ ﱠﺑﻴﺔُ ُﻟﻐﺘََُـﻨﺎ َ َْ .
ﺑَْـﻴﺘَُـﻨﺎ َ ٌ ﻣﺪر ُﺳ َـﻨﺎ ؟
أﻳﻦ ُ َ ﱢ
ﳓﻦ َ ﱢﱠ
أﻃﺒﺎءُ . ﻣﺪرﺳﻮن ؟ ﻻ ُ .
أأﻧﺘﻢ ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ
ْ
ﻣﺪرﺳﺎت . ﻣﺪرﺳﺔٌ ُ :
ﳓﻦ ُ َ ﱢ َ ٌ أﻧﺎ ُ َ ﱢ َ ﻣﺪرﺳﻮن .
ﳓﻦ ﱢ َ ََأﻧﺎ ُ َ ﱢ ٌ
ﻣﺪرس ُ َْ :
أَْ ِ
ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎت .
ٌ ﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺔٌ :أَﻧْ ُ ﱠ
ـﱳ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ :أَﻧْ ُ ْ
ـﺘﻢ أﻃﺒﺎءُ . أﻧﺖ ٌَْ َ
٢٣
226
َﱡ
أي
ﻣﻀﺎف ِ
إﻟﻴﻪ . وﻏﲑ ِ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِ ٍ
اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ِ َﱡ
ٌ ـﻌﺪﻩُ
اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺑَ ْ َ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ .و ُ اﺳﻢ
أي ُ :
أي ﱡ ﱠ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ َ :ﱡ
ﺧﺮ َج ؟ َﱡ ُ ْ
أﻳﻜﻢ َ َ َ
ذﻫﺐ إﱃ اﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ؟ اﻟﻄﻼب َ َ ُ
ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ َْأﻧﺖ ؟ ِﻣﻦ َ ﱢ ٍ
ٍ أي َ ْ ٍ
ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا ؟ ﰲ َ ﱢ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ِ
ﻫﺬﻩ ؟ َ ﱡ أي ُ ﱢﱠ ٍ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ َ :ﱡ ﻏﻴﺮ
أﻧﺖ ؟
أي ﺑََـﻠﺪ َ ْ أي َ ْ َ َ َ ُ
اﻟﺸ ِﺮ ِ أي ُ ﱢﱠ ٍ
ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ؟ ﻫﺬﻩ ُ ﱢﱠ أي ﻳ ٍ
ـﻮم ﻫﺬا ؟ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻮم ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺴﺒﺖ َ .ﱡ
ﻳﻌﺔ .
ﻛﻠﻴﺔُ ﱠ َ ُ ْ َ ﱡ َْ
اﳉََﺰ ِِ
اﺋﺮ . أﻧﺖ ؟ أﻧﺎ ِﻣَﻦ ْ أي ٍ
ﺑﻠﺪ ِ ﻣﻦ َ ﱢِ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ أﻧﺖ ؟ أﻧﺎ ﰲ ِ ﱡ ِ
اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ْاﻟﻌﺮِﱠ ِ
ﺑﻴﺔ . ﰲَﱢ ٍ
ْ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ َ ََ ََْ أي َ ْ َ َ
اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ ِ ْ ِ ْ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ ْ ُ ﱠ ِ ِ ِ
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ْ ُ َ َ ِ
َ ُ
ِ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ ِ َ :
ﺧﺮﺟﺖ . اﳌﻔﺮد ﱠ ُ َْ
ذﻫﺒﺖ ْ َ َ . ُ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ .
ﺖ َ ْ ََ . اﳌﻔﺮد ﱠ ُ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ َ :ذَﻫْﺒ َ ُ
ﺧﺮﺟﱳ .
ذﻫﺒﱳ ُ ْ َ َ .ﱠ اﳉﻤﻊ ﱠ ُ
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ َُْ َ :ﱠ ُ ﺧﺮﺟﺘﻢ .
ذﻫﺒﺘﻢ ْ ُ ْ َ َ . اﳉﻤﻊ ﱠ ُ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ ْ َُْ َ : ُ
ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ؟
َ َِ َ
ﻟﻤﺎذا ذﻫﺒﺖ ؟
أﻳﻦ ََ
أﻧﺖ ذﻫﺒﺖ إﱃ ِ
اﳌﻌﻬﺪ . َ َ
ِ
ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ؟ َِ َ
ﻟﻤﺎذا أﻳﻦ ِ
ذﻫﺒﺖ ؟ َ
ذﻫﺒﺖ إﱃ ِ
اﳌﻌﻬﺪ . أﻧﺖ ِ
ِ
ﺧﺮﺟﺘﻢ ؟ َِ َ
ﻟﻤﺎذا ُ ْ ذﻫﺒﺘﻢ ؟
أﻳﻦ ُ ْ
َ
أﻧﺘﻢ ذﻫﺒﺘﻢ إﱃ ِ
اﳌﻌﻬﺪ . ْ ُْ
ﺧﺮﺟﱳ ؟ َِ َ
ﻟﻤﺎذا ُ ﱠ ﱳ؟
أﻳﻦ ذﻫﺒ ُ ﱠ
َ
ذﻫﺒﱳ إﱃ ِ
اﳌﻌﻬﺪ . أﻧﱳ ُ ﱠ
ﱠ
٢٤
227
اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ْ َ ِ ﱡ
اﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ ََْ ُ
اﻟﺼﺮ ِ ِ ِ
ف(. اﻟَْﻌﻠَُﻢ اﻷَْﻋَﺠﻤﱡﻲ :ﻻ ﻳـُﻨَـﱠﻮُن ) َﳑْﻨُﻮعٌ ﻣَﻦ ﱠ ْ
ﻟﻨﺪن ُ َ ْ ِ َ .
ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن . ﻟﻴﻢ ُ َ َْ .ْو ﻌﻘﻮب ِ .ﺟ ِﱪﻳﻞ ِ َ ِ .
ﻣﻴﻜﺎﺋﻴﻞ ِ . ُ ـ ﻳ . إِﺑـﺮ ِ
اﻫﻴﻢ
ُ َ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ َْ ُ
ﻟﻴﻢ .
و ٌ اﻫﻴﻢ
إﺑﺮ ٌ
٢٥
228
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
232
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
233
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
234
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
235
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and by kind permission of Shaykh Dr. V. Abdur Raheem
236
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 15
Dimana rumah kalian nyonya? < 'Q/I H C,0 2/ CH=
Rumah kami di dekat masjid < @AF3 C EHO V 2/
4. .TO berarti ‘sebelum’, ? berarti ‘setelah’. Keduanya merupakan mudhaf dan kata
yang mengikutinya majrur ( kasrah ). Contoh:
Setelah pelajaran ! ?
Sebelum shalat vK .TO
vK ?
c +*n .TO @Ah lX
T*
Saya telah pergi ke masjid sebelum adzan dan keluar setelah shalat.
_______________________________________________________________ 41
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237
Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan.
5. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata ganti milik yang sesuai ( C,6 >,6 )
6. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan := atau C:
8. Baca dan tulislah
Kairo
,Z Sekarang
+
Minggu
k TIf Ujian
T2cy
pelajaran
!
_______________________________________________________________ 42
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238
ِ
اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ َ َ َ
ﻋﺸﺮ ﱠْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ْ َ َ
ِ
ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ْ ُ َ َ ِ
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ ََ ُ
ان ؟ ﻋﻤﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ِ ْ
إﺧ َﻮ ُ أﻫﺬا َ ﱡ ُ ْ
ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ّ ِ َِ
ﺘﻜﻦ ﲨﻴﻞٌ .
ﺣﺎﻟﻜﻦ ؟ ﺑَْـﻴُ ُ ﱠ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ َ :
ﻛﻴﻒ َ ُ ُ ﱠ ِ ﻛﻦ (
اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ) ُ ﱠ ﻛﺎف
ُ
ات ؟ ﻋﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ َ َ
أﺧ َﻮ ُ أﻫﺬا َ ﱡ ُ ﱠ
ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔً ِ ْ َ ِ ِ
ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ُﱠ ِ َ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ُﱠ ِ َ ِ
ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ،
ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ،وﻻ ُ ْ َ ُ
َ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔً ؛ ﻷَﻧﱠ َـﻬﺎ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ
ﻛﻦ ( ُ َ ﱠ
ﻛﻢ ُ ،ﱠ
) َك ،ك ْ ُ ،
أﻳﻦ ِ وﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ َﱠ ِ
أول ْ َ َِ
ﺑﻴﺘﻜﻢ ؟
أﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ؟ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ؟
أﻳﻦ َ اﻟﻜﻼم ـﻨﻄﻖ َ ْ َ َ
وﻻ ﺗُْ َ ُ
ﺑﻴﺘﻜﻦ ؟
أﻳﻦ ُ ﱠ
٢٦
239
اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ِ ْ ِ ْ ِ ْ ٌِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ْ ﱠ ِ َ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺟﺪول ﱠ َ ِ ُ
َ َ
ذﻫﺒﺖ
أﻧﺎ ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ذﻫﺒﺖ
أﻧﺎ ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ
أﻧﺖ ِ
ذﻫﺒﺖ ِ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ذﻫﺒﺖ
أﻧﺖ َ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ
ﳓﻦ ذﻫْﺒ َـﻨﺎ
ُ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ﳓﻦ ذﻫْﺒ َـﻨﺎ
ُ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ
ذﻫﺒﱳ
أﻧﱳ ُ ﱠ ﱠ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ أﻧﺘﻢ ذﻫﺒﺘﻢ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ
ْ ٌ ِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ْاﻟﻤﻨْ َ ِ َ ِ
ـﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺟﺪول ﱠ َ ِ ُ َ َ
ِ ﱢ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ
َ ُ ُْ َ َ ُ
اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ ْ َُ َ ُ
اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﻮ ٌ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ
أﻧﺖ ٌ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ َ :
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :أﻧﺎ ٌاﳌﻔﺮد ّ
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ :ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔٌ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ ِ :
أﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔٌ اﳌﻔﺮد ّ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ :أﻧﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔٌ
اﳌﻔﺮد ّ
ﻃﻼب
ٌ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﻢ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ﻃﻼب
ٌ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :أﻧﺘﻢ
ﻃﻼب اﳉﻤﻊ ٌّ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :ﳓﻦ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ
ﺎﻟﺒﺎت
ﻫﻦ ﻃ ٌاﳌﺆﻧﺚ :ﱠ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎت
ٌ أﻧﱳ
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ :ﱠ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎت اﳉﻤﻊ ّ
ٌ اﳌﺆﻧﺚ :ﳓﻦ
اﳉﻤﻊ ّ
ـﻨﻄﻖ ﰲ َﱠ ِ
أول ْ َ َِ
اﻟﻜﻼم . ﺗﻜﺘﺐ َ ،وﺗُْ َ ُ
اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔُ ُ َ ْ ُ :
ُ
ﺑﻌﺪ ِ
اﻟﺪرس ُ أﺳﺒﻮع
ﻗﺒﻞ ٍ ُ
٢٧
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244
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246
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247
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 16
Dalam bentuk tunggal, tidak ada perbedaan antara kedua kelompok ini. Namun dalam
bentuk jamak, ada sebuah perbedaan penting. Bentuk jamak isim akal diperlakukan
sebagai jamak. Sedangkan bentuk jamak isim ghairu aklin diperlakukan sebagai
feminin tunggal. Contoh:
Kata benda rasional –isim akal- (8.Om )
2. Kita telah belajar beberapa pola isim jamak taksir. Berikut tamabahannya:
,.mS @A A
(1a2â3i4-u) masjid-u-n masâjid-u
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Latihan:
1. Pelajarilah contoh-contoh berikut.
2. Gantilah subjek kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak sebagaimana yang terdapat
dalam contoh.
3. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata ganti penunjuk (dekat):
g ; D7 7
4. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata ganti penunjuk (jauh):
M,= M3N M*
Sungai
V Hotel
e V,S
Laut
T pesawat
,5r
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 17
Ini adalah lanjutan dari pelajaran 16. Di dalamnya tidak mengandung suatu bentuk yang
baru.
Perhatikan bahwa bentuk jamak dari FG adalah F G dan juga /FG .
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini.
2. Gantilah subjek dalam kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk jamak sebagaimana yang
ditunjukkan dalam contoh.
3. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan predikat yang sesuai.
4. Tulislah bentuk jamak dari kata-kata berikut.
Perusahaan
,p61 Direktur perusahaan
p61 H
Murah
P/c Jepang
8p/:H
Kemeja, +8 KF,O (j) P
/FO
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252
ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺪرﺳﺎن
َْ
ِ
ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺸﺮ َ ،ﱠ ِ َ
واﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ َ َ َ اﻟﺴﺎدس َ َ َ
ﱠ َ
اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأُ َ ،و ْ َ
اﻟﺨﺒَ ُـﺮ ْ ُ َْ َ
أول ْ َ ِ
ِ ِ
ـﻘﻊ ﰲ َﱠ ُْ
اﳉﻤﻠﺔ . اﻟُْﻤْﺒﺘََﺪأُ ٌ ْ :
اﺳﻢ ﻳَ َ ُ
اﳋﺒـﺮ :اﺳﻢ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﳌﺒﺘﺪأِ
وﲢﺼﻞ ِِﺑﻪ ْ َ ِ َ
اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪةُ . ُ
َ ُْ َ ، ٌ ُ َ ََْ ُ
ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪإِ و َََِْ َِ ِ
اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأُ
اﳋﱪ : أﻣﺜﻠﺔٌ ْ ُ َْ َ َ
ْ
ُ
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ
ٌ ﻫﺬا
ﻣﻔﺘﻮح
ٌ اﻟﺒﺎب
ُ
ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮن
َ ِ
ﻫﺆﻻء
ﳎﺘﻬﺪ
ٌ ﻫﻮ
َُ
أذﻛﻴﺎءُ ﻫﻢ
ُْ
ﲨﻴﻠﺔٌ ﱡﺠﻮم
اﻟﻨ ُ ُ
ِ
ذﻛﻲ أﻧﺖ
َ ﱞ َ
ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎت
ٌ أﻧﱳ
ﱠ
ﻧﺎﺟﺤﻮن
َ اﻟﻄﻼب
ُ
٢٨
253
ﻏﻴﺮ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ َْ ِ ََِ
اﻹﺷﺎرةُ إﻟﻰ َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﺮ ِ ِِ
اﳉﻤﻊ ﻏﲑُ ِ
ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔٌ .
اب َ ْ ُ َ
ـﻴﻮت .ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷَﺑْـ َﻮ ُ ﻳﺐ ) َﻫﺬﻩ ( :ﻫﺬﻩ ُ ُ ٌ
ﻛﺘﺐ .ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑُُ ٌ َْْ ُ
ﺳﻬﻠﺔٌ . ﻫﺬﻩ ﱡ ُ ُ
اﻟﺪروس َ ْ َ
ـﻌﺾ اﻟ َ ِ ِ
ْﻜﻠﻤﺎت : ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑَ ْ ِ
َ َْ ُ
ـﻨﺎت ِْ ٌ
ﺑﻨﺖ :ﺑََ ٌ ﺟﺒﻞ ٌ َ ِ :
ﺟﺒﺎل . ََ ٌ ﺣﻘﻮل .
ﺣﻘﻞٌ ٌ ُ ُ :
َْ
٢٩
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 18
Bentuk dual – dalam bahasa Arab disebut mutsannah - dari 7 adalah +7 dan
+26 +7
+/I +
Bentuk dual dari dan adalah F . Contoh:
Siapa dua orang anak laki-laki ini? < + +7 C
Mereka berdua adalah murid baru +H +TJ F
Kemana kedua saudara perempuan itu? < +2cf CH=
Mereka berdua berada dalam ruangan p] a ] F
Perhatikan bahwa ajektif yang mensifati benda dual juga berbentuk dual.
2. >6 ‘berapa banyak’. Perhatikan bahwa kata yang mengikuti >6 berbentuk tunggal
dan menempati posisi manshub. Contoh:
Berapa banyak buku? < 26 >6
Berapa banyak mobil? < /I >6
Perhatikan bahwa kata benda yang bertanwin dalam posisi mansub memiliki alif )di
akhir) yang tidak dilafalkan.
26 – 426 – 26
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut dengan menggunakan bentuk dual. Contoh:
< Vm FNO >6
+FNO Vm
Perhatikan bahwa bentuk dual dari = adalah +c= bukan +c= .
2. Baca dan tulislah.
3. Isilah bagian yang kosong dengan kata-kata yang sesuai, dan beri harakat dengan
akhiran yang benar.
4. Gantilah subjek dari kalimat berikut ke dalam bentuk dual.
5. Baca dan tulislah kata benda berikut dengan akhiran yang benar.
6. Tulislah bentuk dual dari kata-kata berikut.
Roda
,pN@? Papan tulis
, TA
Festival
/? Riyal
,HQ
Tahun
,pVA Desa
iq
Jendela
,7]V Rakaat; '?6 (j) ,p?36
Penggaris
,rAh
Perhatikan bahwa huruf kedua “k” berharakat sukun pada bentuk tunggal, dan fatha
pada bentuk jamak.
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270
ِ ﱠ
ﻋﺸﺮ رس ﱠ َ
اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ َ َ َ اﻟﺪ ْ ُ
ُْ
اﻟﻤﺜَـﻨﱠﻰ
وﻏﲑ ْ َ ِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . ِِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِْ َ ، ِ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﺛْـﻨَ ْـﲔ َِ ،أو اﺛْـﻨﺘََ ْـﲔ ْ َ ِ َ
ْاﻟﻤﺜَ ﱠـﲎ َ :ﻣﺎ َ ﱠ
دل ََ ُ
أﺧ َﻮ ِان . ﺑﻨﺖ ِ َِْ : ﻟﺪ :وَ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
أخ َ َ :
ﺑﻨﺘﺎن ٌ َ . ﻟﺪان ٌ ِْ . رﺟﻼن ْ .اﻣَﺮَأةٌ ْ :اﻣَﺮََأﺗﺎن َ .وَ ٌ َ
رﺟﻞ َ ُ َ :
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ٌ ُ َ :
ُ
ﻳﺎﻻن ُ .ﻏﺮﻓﺔٌَ ُ :ﻏﺮﻓََ ِ
ﻳﺎل ِ :ر َ ِ ـﻠﻤﺎن .ﺳﺎﻋﺔٌ ِ َ :
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ :ﻗَ َـﻠﻢ :ﻗَ َ ِ
ـﺘﺎن . ْ ْ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺎن ِ .رَ ٌ َ
َ َ َ َ ٌ َ ﻏﲑُ ِ
ََ ِ
ﻫﺬان ِ َ َ ،
وﻫﺎﺗﺎن
وﻏﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِ ،
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ ِ إﺷﺎرة ﻟِْﻠﻤﺜَـﱠﲎ اﻟﻘﺮ ِ
ﻳﺐ ﱠ ِ َِ
ﻫﺬان :اﺳﻢ ٍ
َ
ُ ُ
وﻏﲑ ِ
اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ . اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ِ ،
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ ِ إﺷﺎرة ﻟِْﻠﻤﺜَـﱠﲎ اﻟﻘﺮ ِ
ﻳﺐ ﱠ ِ َِ
ﻫﺎﺗﺎن :اﺳﻢ ٍ
َ
ُ ُ
ﻫﺬان ِ َ ِ
ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎن . ِ ﻫﺬان ِ ْ َ ِ
ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﺎن . ِ ﻫﺬان َ ِ
ﺗﺎﺟَﺮ ِان . ِ ﻫﺬان َ ِ ِ
ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎن .ﻫَﺬِان ﻗَ َ ِ
ـﻠﻤﺎن . َِ
َ َ َ َ َ َ
ﻫﺬان َ ْ ِ
ﻛﻠﺒﺎن . ِ
َ
ﻫﺎﺗﺎن ِ َ َ ِ
ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺘﺎن . ِ ﻫﺎﺗﺎن ُ ََ ِ
ﻟﻐﺘﺎن . ِ ِ ِ
ﺗﺎﺟﺮَ ِ
ﺗﺎن . ِ ِِ ﻫﺎﺗﺎن َ ِ َ ِ
َِ
َ ﻣﺴﻄََﺮَﺗﺎن .ﻫﺎﺗﺎن َ َ
ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺘﺎن َ .ﻫﺎﺗَﺎن ْ
َ َ
ﻫﺎﺗﺎن َ ْ َ ِ
ﻛﻠﺒﺘﺎن . ِ
َ
٣٠
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 19
Pada bagian ini kita belajar angka-angka dari nomor 3 sampai 10 dengan isim mudzakar
yang mengikutinya.
• Satu adalah G dan mengikuti kata benda sebagai ajektif.
• Angka ‘dua’ adalah +V3dX , juga mengikuti kata benda sebagai ajektif. Contoh:
untuk memberikan arti ‘dua’. Tetapi penggunaan +V3dX adalah untuk penekanan.
• Angka 3 sampai 10: angka-angka ini berfungsi sebagai mudhaf. Contoh:
Tiga buku 4E 2,6 ,pdvd
Empat rumah 4' / ,p?=
Lima pulpen f4Wv3O= ,pAFc
Enam orang laki-laki 4 ,p2I
Kata benda yang ditunjukkan dengan jumlah disebut ma’dud ( ) ? )
Perhatikan bahwa ma’dud berbentuk jamak dan majrur karena ia berfungsi sebagai
mudhaf ilaihi. Kata yang menunjukkan angka dapat berbentuk marfu, majrur atau
manshub.
Contoh:
Tiga orang pelajar keluar 45v,J ,pdvd uc
Di dalam (ada) empat rumah 4' / p?= ]
Saya melihat lima orang laki-laki 4 pAFc
H
Perhatikan, dalam kalimat: < 7 CFd >6 “ini berapa harganya?” ada kata yang
dihilangkan. Kata yang dihilangkan adalah BH atau kata lain yang menunjukkan
mata uang.
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Baca dan tulisalah.
2. Baca dan tulislah kalimat berikut
3. Jawablah setiap pertanyaan berikut dengan menggunakan angka yang terdapat dalam
tanda kurung.
4. Hitunglah dari angka 3 sampai 10 dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut sebagai
ma’dud.
Semua
.,6 Terima kasih
30 }
Mereka semua
> N,6 Hari WH= (j) W/
Kalian semua
>,0N,6 Harga
CF5
Kita semua
VN,6 Setengah
^KQV
Negeri )v (j) NT "Z
1/10 riyal
Berbeda
^N2 (j) " ,O
Bus
,pN]q (j) dari W)O ‘tua’ l,O
Dari mereka
> V Penumpang bus atau pesawat
E6
(j) 56
Eropa
,= Pertanyaan
,;iA
Yugoslavia
/]vA,\ H Saku
E/x
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pelajaran 20
Pada bagian ini kita belajar adad (bilangan) 3 sampai 10 dengan ma’dud mu’annats. Kita
telah mempelajari angka-angka ini dengan ma’dud mudzakar, contoh:
Tiga anak laki-laki 4gV= ,pdvd
Sekarang, jika ma’dud-nya mu’annats maka ta’ marbutho di akhir angka dihilangkan.
Contoh:
Tiga anak
perempuan
4'V ,(vd Tiga anak
laki-laki
4gV= ,pdvd
Empat saudara
perempuan
4'c=
= Empat anak
laki-laki
4gV= ,p?=
Lima ibu
4',= YFc Lima ayah
4g ,pAFc
Enam wanita
4gA: i
I Enam pria
4 ,p2I
Tujuh pelajar
wanita
4'TJ
TI Tujuh pelajar
pria
45v,J ,p?TI
Delapan kamar
4s,\ :Fd Delapan
rumah
4' / ,p/:Fd
Sepuluh wanita
4gA: 1m Sepuluh pria
4 ,1m
Perhatikan ,1m berharakat fathah pada (" ) dan 1m berharakat sukun
Bentuk mu’annats dari G adalah ,G dan +V3dX adalah +2V3dX .
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Latihan:
1. Baca dan tulislah.
2. Baca dan tulislah.
3. Jawablah setiap pertanyaan berikut dengan menggunakan angka-angka yang terdapat
di dalam kurung.
4. Tulislah angka-angka dalam kalimat berikut dengan menggunakan kata-kata.
5. Hitunglah dari 5 sampai 10 dengan menggunakan kata benda berikut sebagai ma’dud.
Indonesia
/A/: :X (j) dari 8pFN6 ‘kata’ 'FN6
(j) dari ,p],\ ‘kamar’ s,\ Majalah
8p5N@
(j) dari ! ) ‘pelajaran’ ! ) Huruf
sG
(j) dari >i m ‘paman dari WFm= (j) Huruf
s G
pihak ayah’
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284
َﻛ ْـﻢ
ﻳﺴﻤﻰ َِْ
ﲤﻴﻴﺰاً . ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ُ َ ﱠ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ْ َ ِ َﻛﻢ :اﺳﻢ ْ ِ ْ ٍ
اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم َ ُ ﱡ
ـﻌﺪﻩُ َ ْ ُ ٌ
اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺑَ ْ َ
اﻟﻌﺪد ،و ُ
َ ُ َ ْ
أﺧ َﻮ ِان . َﻛﻢ ﻛِﺘَﺎﺑﺎً ِﻋْﻨَﺪَك ؟ ِﻋْﻨِﺪي َِ ِ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎن َ .ﻛْﻢ َأﺧﺎً َﻟﻚ ؟ ﱄ َ َ
َ ْ
ﻣﺴﺠﺪ َو ِ ٌ
اﺣﺪ . َﻛْﻢ َﻣْﺴِﺠﺪاً ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺸﺎرِع ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ْ ِ ٌ
ﺛﻼث َأﺧﻮ ٍ َﻛﻢ ﺣِﻘﻴﺒﺔً ﻋﻨﺪك ؟ ﻋﻨﺪي ِ َ ِ
ات . َﻛْﻢ ُ ْ
أﺧﺘﺎً ﻟﻚ ؟ ﱄ َ َ ُ َ َ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﺎن .
َ َ ْ َ َ
ﺳﻴﺎرَ ِ
ﺗﺎن . َﻛْﻢ َﺳﻴﱠَﺎرةً ﰲ ﺑـَْﻴﺘِ َ
ﻚ ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱠ َ
ﻟﻚ ؟
ﻛﻢ أﺧﺎً َ ﻫﺎﺗﺎن ِ
ﻓﺘﺎﺗﺎن ِ ِ
رﺟﻼن ِ
ﻫﺬان
اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم َ ْ ِ ٌ
ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ٍ اﺳﻢ
ُ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأٌ ٌ
ﺧﺒﺮ ﺧﺒﺮ
ٌ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأٌ
٣١
285
ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺪرﺳﺎن
ْ
ﻋﺸﺮ َ ُ ْ ِ ْ َ ،
واﻟﻌﺸﺮون ِ
اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ َ َ َ
ﱠ َ
اﻟْ َﻌ َ ُ
ـﺪد
اﳌﺆﻧﺚ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪود ﱠ ِ أﻣﺜﻠﺔٌ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪود ﱠ ِ أﻣﺜﻠﺔٌ
ﻣﻀﺎف َِ ِ
إﻟﻴﻪ ﺛﻼث َ ِ ٍ
ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎت ﻣﻀﺎف َِ ِ
إﻟﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔُ ُ ﱠ ٍ
ﻃﻼب
َُ ٌ ْ ََُ َ َُ ٌ ْ َ ََ
أَرﺑﻊ ِ ٍ
ﻧﺴﺎء أَرﺑـﻌﺔُ ِ ٍ
رﺟﺎل
َْ ُ َ َْ َ َ
ﲬﺲ َﻛِ ٍ
ﻠﻤﺎت ﲬﺴﺔُ ُ ُ ٍ
ﻛﺘﺐ
َْ ُ َ َْ َ
ٍ
ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ِ ﱡ ِ
ﺳﺘﺔُ أَﺑْـﻮ ٍ
ﺳﺖ َ َ ابﱠ َ
ﻋﻨﺪي ﺳﺒﻊ د ﱠر ٍ
اﺟﺎت . ِﻋْﻨِﺪي ﺳْﺒـﻌﺔُ َْ ٍَ
أﻗﻼم .
َْ ُ َ َ ََ
ﲦﺎﱐ روﺑﱢﱠ ٍ ِ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔُ ِر َ ٍ
ﻫﺬا ْ َِ ِ ِ
ـﻴﺎت . ﲦﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ََ ِ ْ ُ
ُ ﻳﺎﻻت .اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ََ َ َ ﲦﻦ َ َ
ََ ُ
ﱄ ِﺗﺴﻊ ﱠ ٍ
ﻋﻤﺎت . ِﱄ ِﺗﺴﻌﺔُ َ ْ ٍ
أﻋﻤﺎم .
ُْ َ َْ َ
ﻋﺸﺮ َ ِ ٍ
ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎت . ِ ﻋﺸﺮةُ ُ ﱠ ٍ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ْ َ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ْ ُ َ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﻃﻼب . اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ َ َ
اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ﰲ ْ ُ ِ
وﺗﺄﻧﻴﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ْ ِ ِِ ِ
اﻟﻌﺪد ِِ ِ َْ ،
وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ َْ ْ ِ
اﳉﻤﻊ . اﻟﻤﻌﺪود َ َْ َ ،
َْ َُ اﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ َ ْﺗﺬﻛﲑ ْ َ َ َ
ُْ ْ ُ
ِ
اﳌﻌﺪود َ ﱠ ِ اﻟﻌﺪد ) ﲬﺴﺔ ( َ ﱠ أﻣﺜﻠﺔٌ :ﲬﺴﺔُ ٍ
ﻛﺘﺎب ( .
ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ) َ ٌ
ُ ٌ اﳌﻔﺮد ﰲ
ﻷن َ أﻧﺚ ُ ﻛﺘﺐ ُ .ﱢ َ
٣٢
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Pelajaran 21
Ini adalah bagian ujian, tidak ada pelajaran baru . Terdapat lima kosa kata baru, yaitu:
Latihan:
1. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.
2. Sebutkanlah jika pernyataan berikut benar atau salah.
3. Tulislah nama-nama negara Asia, Afrika, dan Eropa yang disebutkan dalam pelajaran
ini.
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303
اﻟﺪرس ْ ِ
اﻟﺤﺎدي َوا ْ ِ ْ ُ َ
ﻟﻌﺸﺮون ﱠْ ُ َ
اﻟﺪروس ﱠ َِ ِ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ . اﺟﻌﺔٌ ﻟِﺒَ ْ ِ
ـﻌﺾ ﱡ ُ ِ َﻫَﺬا ﱠ ْ ُ
اﻟﺪرس ُﻣَﺮ َ َ
ﳏﻤﺪ . ِ
اﳌﺪرس .ﻫﺬا ٌ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎ .ﻫﺬا ﻳﺐ ّ ِ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﺬا ُ -١أﲰﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرةِ ﻟﻠﻘﺮ ِ
ُ ُ
ﻫﺬا ُ َ ﱢ ُ َ
ﻣﺪرﺳﻨﺎ .
ﻣﺪرﺳﻨﺎ ،ﳓﻦ ُِ ﱡ
ﳓﺒﻪُ . ٍ ِ ﱢِ
اﳉﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ :ﻫﺬا ﻓﺼﻠُﻨﺎ .ﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎ َ َ َ
ﻋﺸﺮةُ ﻃﻼب .ﻫﺬا ﱢ ُ -٦ﺿﻤﲑُ ِ
ِ
ﻜﺎﺗﺐ . اﳌﺬﻛﺮ :ﻫﻮ ﻓﺼﻞ واﺳﻊ .ﻓﻴﻪ َ ِ َ َ ِ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد ّ ِ ِ
ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺗﺎن .ﻓﻴﻪ َﻣ َ ُ ٌ ٌ اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ -٧ﺿﻤﲑُ
ﺳﺒﻮرةٌ .ﻫﻮ ِﻣﻦ ْ ِ
اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن .
َ ََ ﻓﻴﻪ َ ﱡ َ
ﻣﺪرﺳﺔٌ ﻛﺒﲑةٌ َ .ﳍَﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔُ أﺑﻮ ٍ
اب . اﳌﺆﻧﺚ :ﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔٌ .ﻫﻲ َ ْ ِ
ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد ّ ِ ِ
اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ -٨ﺿﻤﲑُ
أﺑﻮا ُ ﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔٌ .
٣٣
304
ﺑﻼد َُِْ َ ٍ
اﳌﺬﻛﺮ َ :ﻛﺮ ِاﺳﻴﱡـﻬﻢ .ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ٍ ِ
ﻬﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔٌ .
ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ُ .ﻟﻐَﺎﺗُـ ُ ْ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ّ ِ َ ُ ْ ُ ْ ِ اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ -٩ﺿﻤﲑُ
ﻬﻢ َو ِ ٌ ِ
اﺣﺪ . َأﻟْ َﻮاﻧـُ ُ ْ
ﻬﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔٌ .دﻳﻨُـ ُ ْ
ِ
ﻛﺒﲑﺗﺎن . ِ
ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺗﺎن اﺳﻊ .
ﻓﺼﻞ و ٌ
ٌ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻛﺜﲑةٌ .
ٌ وﻧﻌﺖ َ :ﻣﺪرﺳﺔٌ ﻛﺒﲑةٌ .
ﻣﻨﻌﻮت ٌ
ٌ -١٠
ِ
ﺻﺎﻟﺢ . ﺑﻼد ٍ ﻫﻢ ِﻣﻦ ٍ
رﺟﻞ َ ٌ
ٌ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ . ْ
ِ
اﻟﻄﻼب .أﺑﻮا ُ ﺎ . ﺐ ِ وﻣﻀﺎف ِ
إﻟﻴﻪ :ﺛﻼﺛﺔُ أﺑﻮ ٍ
اﳌﺪرس .ﻣﻜﺎﺗ ُ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ
ُ اب . ٌ ﻣﻀﺎف
ٌ -١١
ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎ .ﻟﻐﺎ ُ ﻢ .
ُ
٣٤
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Pelajaran 22
Kita telah mempelajari beberapa kelompok kata benda dan kata sifat/ajektif yang tidak
memiliki tanwin. Sebagaian besar kata benda dan ajektif memiliki tanwin. Tanwin
dihilangkan dalam keadaan berikut:
a) Apabila kata benda atau ajektif memiliki –al. contoh: 20 : 26
b) Apabila berfungsi sebagai mudâf, contoh: 4v 26 : 26
c) Ketika didahului oleh huruf nidâ H , contoh: ,*2I,= H : 8*2I,=
Namun ada beberapa kata benda dan ajektif tertentu yang tidak pernah memiliki tanwin.
Dalam bahasa Arab disebut sK C k VFF3 .
Dalam buku ini kita telah mempelajari kelompok kata benda dan kata sifat berikut yang
merupakan sK C k VFF3 .
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Perhatikan, fgTJ= pada asalnya adalah fgTT3J= dengan pola fgv?3]= , tetapi karena
asimilasi dari dua ba, maka bentuknya menjadi sedikit berubah.
Latihan:
1, Baca dan tulislah kata-kata berikut dengan tetap mengingat kaidah mengenai k VFF3
sK C
Merah
FG= Baghdad
)a
Biru
e= Jeddah
,
Hijau
zc= Cangkir teh; C/V] (j) 8+@V]
Hitam
)I= Menit; O) (j) 8pZ/O)
Kuning
Sb= (j) dari R23S kunci /S
Putih
j/= (j) dari 8.HV sapu tangan ,.H)V
Dia (lk) berkata
O Dia (pr) berkata
O
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Panduan Durusul Lughah al-Arabiyyah – 1
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Pelajaran 23
Kita telah belajar sebelumnya, bahwa isim berada dalam posisi majrur apabila:
a) Diawali oleh kata depan. Contoh:
4v C : 8 v
/T ] :
/T
b) Berfungsi sebagai mudhah ilaihi, contoh:
4v
/ : 8 v !Q,h 26 : !Q,h
Perhatikanlah, bahwa sK C k VFF3 "kata-kata yang tidak memiliki tanwin"
dalam keadaan ini berharakat fathah dan bukan kasrah, yakni tidak mengambil akhiran
yang biasa terdapat pada kata yang berstatus majrur ‘-i’, namun pada kata-kata tersebut
berakhiran ‘-a’, contoh:
Latihan:
1. Pelajarilah yang berikut ini.
2. Baca dan tulislah yang berikut ini dengan tetap mengingat kaidah C k VFF3
sK
3. Baca dan tulislah yang berikut dengan akhiran yang tepat.
4. Hitunglah dari 3 sampai 10 dengan kata benda berikut sebagai ma’dud.
Perhatikan bahwa kata benda tersebut adalah kata yang tidak bertanwin. Oleh sebab
itu harakatnya fathah dan bukan kasrah.
Contoh: jamak dari @A adalah A
Tiga masjid A ,pdvd
Empat hotel e)V] ,p?=
Lima teman kelas ngv ,pAFc
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Istambul
, TVrbX Kota Thaif
^5r
washington
C,rV}
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315
ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺪرﺳﺎن
َْ
واﻟﻌﺸﺮون اﻟﻌﺸﺮون َ ﱠ ِ ُ
،واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ْ ِ ْ ُ َ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ َو ْ ِ ْ ُ َ
ﱠِ
اﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮعُ ِﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ
َْ ُْ َ ْ
اﻟﺼﺮف
ـﻮر ،ﻳَِﺰ ُ
ﻳﺪ . أﲪﺪ ،أَﻧْ َُ وزن ْ ِ ْ ِ
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ َ ْ َ : -٤اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ
َ ُ
ﻳﺲ . ـﻌﻘﻮب ِ ،وْﻟﻴﻢ ْ ِ ،إدورد ِ ،
ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن َ ،ﺑﺎ ِ اﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ :إِﺑـﺮ ِ
ِ
ُ ر ُ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ُ ُ ْ ﻳ
َ ، اﻟﻌﻠﻢ َ ْ َ ﱡ ْ َ ُ
اﻫﻴﻢ ُ -٥
ِ
أﲪﺮ ُ َ ْ َ ،
أﺧﻀﺮ . ـﻴﺾ َُ ْ َ ،
ـﻌﻞ :أَﺑْ َ ُ
اﻟﺼﻔﺔُ اﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ْوزن أَﻓْ َ َ
-٦ﱢ َ
ﻏﻀﺒﺎن .
ﻋﻄﺸﺎن ُ َ ْ َ ، ﻛﺴﻼن ُ َ ْ َ ،
ﺟﻮﻋﺎن ُ َ ْ َ ، ـﻌﻼن ُ َ ْ َ : اﻟﺼﻔﺔُ اﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ ْ ِ
وزن ﻓَ ْ َ َ -٧ﱢ َ
َ
أﻏﻨﻴﺎء ِ َ ،
أﺻﺪ َﻗﺎءُ ِ َ ،ﱠ ِ ﳑﺪودةٍ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ِ
وزن َْ ِ َ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻮم َِِ ٍ
أﻃﺒﺎءُ َِ َْ ،
أﻗﻮﻳﺎءُ . أﻓﻌﻼءَ (ْ ُ َ ْ َ : ﺑﺄﻟﻒ َْ ُ َ اﻻﺳﻢ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ
ُ ْ -٨
٣٥
316
ﻣﺮوان
أﺧﺖ َ ُ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ
َ ﺧﻤﺴﺔُ أﺣﻤﺪ
ﻛﺘﺎب َ
ُ ﻳﻨﺐ
ﺑﻴﺖ ز َ
ُ
ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﻴﻪ
ﳊﻤﺰة .
ﻫﺬا َ ﻫﺬا ٍ
ﶈﻤﺪ .
ِ
اﻟﺼﺮف ِ ﳎﺮور ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮةِ ﻷﻧﻪ َﻟﻴﺲ ﳑﻨﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻦ ﱠ ِ
ﳎﺮور ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳑﻨﻮعٌ ﻣﻦ ّ
ٌ اﻟﺼﺮف
ْ ْ َ ٌ
ﻛﺘﺎب ٍ
ﲪﺰة ﻛﺘﺎب ﲪﺰةَ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب ٍ
ُ ُ ﻛﺘﺎب َ
ُ ﳏﻤﺪ ُ
أﺑﻴﺾ
ٌ اﻫﻴﻢ
إﺑﺮ ٌ أﲪﺪ
ٌ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن
ٌ ﲪﺰةٌ ﻣﺮﱘٌ
ﻣﻨﺎدﻳﻞ .
ٌ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ
ٌ ﻓﻘﺮاءٌ ﻛﺴﻼن أﻏﻨﻴﺎءٌ
ٌ
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