Disain Fasade juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial-budaya, religi, ilmu pengetahuan dan seni.
Disain fasade berkaitan dengan komposisi dan proporsi geometris yang harmonis
Terhadap fasade yang mempunyai nilai sejarah, banyak peraturan-peraturan setempat dibuat
untuk sangat membatasi atau bahkan melarang pengubahan fasade tersebut.
Kota Tua - Nilai Sejarah
Gion, Osaka
‘Bilbao Effect’
membangkitkan ekonomi kota Bilbao yang sedang sekarat
Metropol Parasol, Sevilla
Jurgen Mayer
• Faktor hemat enerji menjadi suatu pertimbangan penting dalam disain fasade
• Akhir-akhir ini terlihat banyak sekali karya arsitektur bangunan tinggi dengan berbagai keuinikan disainnya
sesuai dengan keinginan masing-masing arsitek dan pemilik bangunannya. Penerapan Fire Barrier System pada
fasade menjadi lebih rumit.
Kebakaran pada Grenfell building, London
▪ The source of a fire that killed 79 people in a 24-story apartment building in London was a Whirlpool HotPoint refrigerator-
freezer, police have confirmed — and an American company has recalled the building’s flammable exterior panels that
accelerated the inferno.
▪ The fire-resistant panels had an aluminum exterior but were plastic (polyethylene) on the inside, which can catch on fire at
high temperatures and accelerate fires. They were about $2 cheaper than panels with a metallic honeycomb interior that
does not burn as easily.
▪ Cladding can create cavities which in some cases can cause a chimney effect, drawing flames up the cavity if there are no
fire barriers
▪ The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) said composite aluminium panels with a polyethylene
core should not be used as cladding on buildings over 18m high
Figure 1. Exterior curtain wall and floor fire exposure Figure 2. Impact of horizontal and vertical projections
mechanisms. on unsprinklered compartment fire (Schirmer on Window plume. (Oleszkiewcz Nov. 1990,
Engineering, 2007) Fire Technology, p.366
3 prinsip mekanisme penjalaran api :
1. pada Api pada ruang dalam Hasil riset menunjukkan elemen horizontal yang
menyerang sisi dalam curtainwall terletak di atas jendela dapat efektif dalam
danperimeter fire barrier mengurangi ekspos sebaran api yang keluar dari
2. Api dan udara panas keluar dari kaca jendela terhadap lantai di atasnya.
yang pecah kemudian menyerang sisi
luar curtainwall Riset ini juga menunjukkan bahwa elemen eksterior
3. Lidah api melalui kaca yang pecah atau vertikal dapat memiliki dampak negatif karena dapat
celah lain menimbulkan radiasi panas mempercepat sebaran api secara vertikal pada fasad.
sehingga membakar isi dalam ruang
berikut di lantai atasnya
Figure 3. Decrease and increase of heat transfer for horizontal and Figure 4. heat transfer comparison of exposures for 00.3, 0.6 and
vertical projections on window plume (Oleszkiewicz Nov.1990. Fire 1.0 m horizontal flame reflectors. The data is normalized to
Technology, p.367) readings taken at 1m above the opening with no horizontal
deflector. (Oleszkiewicz Nov. 1991, Fire Technologies, 9.339)
Background on Current Code Practices
Two basic ways to provide a code complying curtain wall design in fully sprinkled buildings.
Figure 9. an Inclined forward curtain wall Figure 10. An Inclined backward Figure 11. Double – skinnes curtain wall
condition can allow for more direct flame curtain wall condition can diminish the condition showing vertical cavity which will
impingement and higher exposure ability flames to contact the curtain continue and channel flame and heat
temperature on curtain wall components wall components vertically
Risk Assessment Factors
Conclusion
Torre Agbar, Barcelona The Gherkin, London Pertamina Energy Tower,Jakarta
33 lantai 41 lantai 99 lantai
Jean Nouvel Foster and Partner SOM
Curve Double Skin Facade Curve Double Skin Facade Curve Skin Façade
+ fin horizontal
Fasade sekunder porous, ruang antara Perhatian pada ruang antara 2 fasade
Horizontal fin mungkin dapat
2 fasade tidak menimbulkan efek yang dapat menimbulkan efek chimney’.
memperlambat penjalaran api?
‘chimney’ Terdapat Fire barrier tiap 6 lantai
Chicago Spire, Chicago Shanghai Tower
150 lantai - Santiago Calatrava 127 lantai -Gensler
Beekman Tower, New York Windas Tower, Jakarta Absolute World, Ontario
76 lantai 50 lantai 50 & 56 lantai
Frank Gehry Peter Eisenman MAD Architect
Shanghai
˃
ALTEZ
SKYSUITE
THE CLILF
Area of Refuge Study – Mechanical vs. Natural Ventilation
Tertutup Vs Terbuka
• Concerns
• Natural Ventilation is Required by the Draft legislation
• Air (Smoke) movement is a Major Concern in High Rise Design.
• Difficult to Predict and Control Wind Effects with Natural Ventilation
Wind
? Wind
?
TERIMAKASIH