NOUNS & PRONOUNS

Pembahasan

Nouns (Kata Benda)

Berdasarkan jumlahnya, kata benda terbagi menjadi dua
jenis, yaitu:
1. Countable Noun
Countable noun merupakan jenis kata benda yang
bisa dihitung. Untuk mengubah singular noun
menjadi plural noun, aturannya adalah sebagai
berikut:
a. Penambahan imbuhan –s pada akhir singular
noun
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Song songs
Book books

b. Penambahan imbuhan –es pada singular noun

yang berakhiran –sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -z, dan -x
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Box boxes
Bus buses
c. Penambahan imbuhan –ies pada singular
noun yang berakhiran –y
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Baby babies
Library libraries
Country countries
Dormitory dormitories
Dictionary dictionaries

d. Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun

yang berakhiran –y
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Boy boys
Way ways

e. Penambahan imbuhan –es pada singular noun

yang berakhiran –o
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Hero heroes
Potato potatoes
Tomato tomatoes
Mango mangoes
f. Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun
yang berakhiran –o
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Photo photos
Video videos
Kangaroo kangaroo

g. Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun

yang berakhiran –f dan –ef
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Belief beliefs
Cliff cliffs
Roof roofs
Chief chiefs

h. Penambahan imbuhan –ves pada singular

noun yang berakhiran –f dan –ef
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Wolf wolves
Thief thieves
Self selves
Knife knives
Leaf leaves
 i. Singular noun yang memiliki bentuk jamak
tidak beraturan (irregular plural forms)
Contoh:
Singular Plural
Man men
Woman women
Child children
Ox oxen
Person people
Foot feet
Goose geese
Tooth teeth
Mouse mice
Louse lice
Fish fish
Fruit fruit
Sheep sheep
Means means
Series series
Species species

2. Uncountable Noun
Uncountable noun merupakan jenis kata benda yang
tidak bisa dihitung. Kata benda yang termasuk dalam
uncountable noun yaitu:
a. Kesatuan kelompok benda tersusun atas
benda-benda sejenis
Contoh:
baggage, garbage, luggage, equipment, food,
fruit, furniture, jewelry, mail, money, scenery,
traffic, dst.
 b. Zat cair
water, soup, oil, gasoline, blood, dst.
c. Zat padat
ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver,
paper, wood, cotton, wool, dst.
d. Zat gas
air, oxygen, nitrogen, dst.
e. Partikel
dirt, dust, salt, sugar, pepper, sand, sugar, wheat,
flour, hair, dst.
f. Benda-benda abstrak
beauty, knowledge, confidence, courage,
education, enjoyment, fun, happiness, health,
help, honesty, hospitality, importance, luck,
music, patience, piece, pride, news, wealth, dst.
g. Bahasa
English, Arabic, Spanish, dst.
h. Bidang studi
chemistry, history, mathematics, dst.
i. Hobi dan rekreasi
basketball, badminton, tennis, dst.
j. Fenomena alam
thunder, lightning, sunshine, snow, fog, wind,
darkness, dst.
Dalam menyatakan jumlah tertentu pada noncountable
noun, digunakan unit of expression. Contoh:

A spoonful of sugar

A glass of water

A cup of coffee
A loaf of bread

A bowl of soup

A bag of flour

A piece of paper

Dst.

Latihan 1
Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan
bentuk-bentuk jamak (plural forms) yang benar dari
kata-kata benda tunggal (singular nouns) yang diberi
tanda kurung!
1. Tania saw some (mouse) _____________ in the
kitchen.
2. If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower
(leaf) ______________ turn yellow.
3. I caught several (fish) ________________ in the
river.
4. I met many beautiful (woman) ________ yesterday.
5. The baby got two new (tooth) __________.
Nouns dalam TOEFL

Latihan 2

Berilah tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang

dianggap salah dan berikan alasannya!

1. Knowledges about cultures provides insight into the learned

A B C
behavior group.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

2. The stories of Dr. Seuss have been enjoyed by millions

A B C
of childrens.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. A thunder usually follows lightning by five seconds for every mile
A B C
between the flash and the observer.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_________________________________________

Pronouns (Kata Pengganti)

Pronouns (kata pengganti) dapat dikelompokan dalam

beberapa jenis diantaranya:

Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive

Pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Possessive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
I Me my mine myself
You You your yours yourself/yourselves
We Us our ours ourselves
They Them their theirs themselves
She Her her hers herself
He Him his his himself
It It its its itself
Personal Pronouns:
1. Subject Pronouns
Contoh:
Harry is a smart student. He can answer all of the
questions easily.
2. Object Pronouns
Contoh:
Tom is a good son. His parents really love him.
Catatan tambahan:
Object pronouns juga digunakan setelah
prepositions. Contoh: They are looking at me.

Possessive:
1. Possessive Adjectives
Possesive adjective selalu diikuti kata benda (tidak
bisa berdiri sendiri).
Contoh:
This is my book.
2. Possessive Pronouns
Possesive pronouns tidak diikuti kata benda (berdiri
sendiri).
Contoh:
That book is mine.

Reflexive Pronouns:
1. Digunakan saat objek adalah orang atau benda yang
sama dengan subjek.
Contoh:
I saw myself in the mirror.
2. Digunakan setelah prepositions, saat objek
prepositional memiliki maksud yang sama dengan
subjek.
 Contoh:
Yani laughed at herself when she did a silly mistake.
3. Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang
dilakukan sendiri oleh subjek.
Contoh:
He always does the cooking himself.
I live by myself.

Latihan 1

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan kata-

kata pengganti (pronouns) yang benar!
1. Aisyah is a nurse. _______ always goes to the
hospital everyday.
2. Ahmad is very nervous. It is the first time for ______
to speak in front of many people.
3. Dania has a younger sister. ________ sister is so
cute.
4. Franky is the funniest student in our class. He always
makes _______ laugh.
5. I ________ will overcome the problem.
Pronouns dalam TOEFL

Latihan 2

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan

memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang
dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya!
1. Our daughter and son-in-law visit my wife and
______every year.

a. mine
b. my
c. I
d. me

Alasan:

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

2. The children ran screaming into _______ own

rooms.
a. his
b. they’re
c. their
d. its

Alasan:
 __________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

3. They were here, but they have gone back to

________ apartment.
a. they’re
b. theirs
c. his
d. their

Alasan:

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

4. That umbrella is ________.

a. our
b. our’s
c. ours
d. to our

Alasan:

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. His mother wants _________ to wash the dishes.
a. he
b. him
c. himself
d. he himself

Alasan:

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

Latihan 2

Berilah tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang

dianggap salah dan berikan alasannya!

1. Each of the students in the accounting class has to type

A B
their own research paper this semester.
C D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if
A B C
we expect to pass the examination.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

3. Mr. Peters used to think of hisself as the only president

A B C
of the company.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

4. Although Elmer did not look like his brother, there personalities
A B C

were very similar.

D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. You should try Larry and Kevin’s restaurant because their’s is
A B C
the best.
D
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________