Parts of Speech

& Noun

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 PARTS OF SPEECH
Dalam Bahasa Indonesia biasanya disebut dengan istilah ‘kelas
kata’ (word classes), yaitu pengklasifikasian kata-kata berdasarkan
kelasnya untuk menunjukkan tugas atau fungsi setiap kata dalam
suatu rangkaian frase, klausa atau pun kalimat.

Main point =

KELAS K ATA
Overview
In this chapter you will learn about:
1. Noun (kata benda) e.g : I am a teacher./ This is a table.
2. Pronoun (kata ganti) e.g : She will help me.
3. Verb (kata kerja) e.g : Tayo eats the crabs.
4. Adjective (kata sifat) e.g : Rere is beautiful.
5. Adverb (Kata keterangan)
e.g : I study English in Kampung Inggris LC every day.
6. Preposition (Kata depan) e.g : Please sit beside me.
7. Conjunction (Kata hubung) e.g : She came when I was not at home.
8. Interjection (Kata seru) e.g : Oh my God, he is smiling!
 NOUN

What is noun?

A word that names a person, place or thing.

 Functions
1. Sebagai subject di suatu kalimat
e.g : Joni has read the book for 3 hours.
e.g : The lion ate a goat.

2. Sebagai object pelengkap disuatu kalimat

e.g : Mr. John is a doctor.
e.g : She was a chef.

3. Sebagai direct object (Objek langsung)

e.g : He bought a car last week.
e.g : Messi kicks the ball.
4. Sebagai indirect object (Objek tak langsung)
e.g : She gave her mother a flower.
e.g : My father brought my sister a cute doll.

5. Sebagai objek dari preposisi (Presposition)

e.g : She has arrived at the airport.
e.g : Tayo always studies Grammar in his room.
 Kinds of Noun
a. Berdasarkan Penamaan
1. Common Noun (Bersifat Umum)
Noun yang menunjukkan jenis, kelas dari benda-benda, tempat dan
sebagainya.
e.g : friend, student, tree, air, day, etc.

2. Proper Noun (Bersifat Khusus / Spesifik)

Noun yang berupa nama orang, tempat, dan sebagainya yang khusus
untuk nama tempat atau benda itu sendiri dan ditulis dengan huruf
besar.
e.g : Sunday, Indonesia, Kediri, Doni, etc.
3. Material Noun
Nama kelompok benda yang terjadi dengan sendirinya / tidak dibuat
manusia / dari alam.
e.g : iron, water, wind, glass, etc.

4. Collective Noun (Bersifat Kumpulan)

Nama kelompok atau kumpulan suatu benda yang dianggap sebagai
suatu unit atau kumpulan sejumlah anggotanya.
e.g : team, band, crew, bunch, staff, spoon, school, flock, etc.
 Kinds of Noun
b. Berdasarkan Wujud / Bentuk
1. Concrete Noun
Noun yang bisa ditangkap oleh panca indra.
e.g : table, student, tree, etc.

2. Abstract Noun
Noun yang tidak bisa ditangkap oleh panca indra namun dapat
dipikirkan atau dipahami.
e.g : happiness, sadness, freedom, humanity, etc.
 Kinds of Noun
c. Berdasarkan Jumlah
1. Countable Noun n( C )
Kata benda yang dapat diberi jumlah bilangan dan dapat dibuat menjadi
bentuk jamak.

-Singular : book, box, tooth, fish

-Plural : books, boxes, teeth, fish
 Plural Countable Noun
Regular Plural
Aturan Regular pada Berbagai Kondisi Contoh Countable Noun (Singular -Plural)

Kata benda yang berakhiran -o ditambahkan akhiran -s atau -es ∙ tomato -tomatoes
∙ potato – potatoes
∙ zoo – zoos

Kata benda yang berakhiran: ∙ bus – buses

∙ -s ∙ box – boxes
∙ -x ∙ punch – punches
∙ -ch ∙ dash – dashes
∙ -sh ∙ class – classes
∙ -ss
ditambahkan akhiran -es.

Kata benda yang berakhiran -y dan huruf sebelumnya ∙ activity – activities

konsonan maka akhiran -y dihilangkan lalu ditambahkan ∙ city – cities
akhiran -ies. ∙ country – countries

One syllabel noun (kata benda satu sukukata) berakhiran -f atau ∙ wife – wives
–fe maka akhiran -f atau -fe dihilangkan lalu ∙ knife – knives
ditambahkan akhiran -ves. ∙ leaf – leaves

Kata benda lainnya ditambahkan akhiran -s. ∙ book – books

∙ chair – chairs
∙ guy – guys
Irregular
SINGULAR PLURAL
MAN MEN
CHILD CHILDREN
PERSON PERSONS / PEOPLE
MOUSE MICE
FOOT FEET
GOOSE GEESE
TOOTH TEETH
ALUMNUS ALUMNI
DATUM DATA
PHENOMENON PHENOMENA
CRISIS CRISES
*SHEEP *SHEEP
*FISH *FISH
*DEER *DEER
 IRREGULAR NOUN
Vowel change Man / men foot / feet
Woman / women tooth / teeth
Add -EN Child / children
Ox / oxen
Same as singular Fish / fish salmom / salmon
Deer / deer sheep / sheep
-IS => -ES Analysis / analyses diagnosis / diagnoses
Axis / axes hypothesis / hypotheses
Crisis / crises parenthesis / parentheses

Ends in -A Bacterium / bacteria curriculum / curricula

Datum / data phenomenon / phenomena

-US => -I Alumnus / alumni fungus / fungi

Bacillus /bacilli nucleus / nuclei
Cactus / cacti radius / radi
2. Uncountable Noun
Kata benda yang tidak dapat diberi jumlah
(bilangan) dan tidak dapat dibuat menjadi
bentuk jamak.
e.g : water, salt, sand, oil, money, etc.
 Uncountable Noun
Kategori Contoh Uncountable Noun
food (makanan) noddle, meat, bread

liquid (cairan) coffee, milk, oil, honey

powder (bubuk) grain, sugar, rice, fluor, salt

material & sources concrete, iron, wood, glass, sand, gold, air, water, oxygen, fog
(material & sumber)

household items furniture, flooring, bedding, electricity

(peralatan rumah tangga)

language (bahasa) Indonesia, english, mandarin, arabic

weather (cuaca) thunder, weather, lightning, rain, snow, wind

travel (perjalanan) travel, information, money, equipment, luggage

professional endeavor work, knowledge, research, progress, intelligence, loyalty

(pekerjaan kantoran)

abstract concept happiness, tolerance, independence, love, anger

(konsep abstrak)
 Takaran pada Uncountable Noun
Uncountable Noun dapat ‘dihitung’ atau dibentuk
pengertian plural-nya dengan menambahkan takaran
di awal kata benda tersebut. Takaran kata benda itulah
yang dijamakkan. Takaran yang digunakan antara lain:

• box • bootle
• tube • glass
• bar • kilogram
• piece • packet
• cup • scoop
• gallon • spoon
 Uncountable Noun Countable Noun
Bread a slice of bread, a loaf of bread
Cake a piece of cake
Chess a game of chess
Chocolate a bar of chocolate
Flour a kilogram of flour
Gold a bar of gold, ten bars of gold
Grass a blade of grass
Ice cream a scoop of ice cream
Information a piece of information, two pieces of information
Lightning a flash of lightning
Milk a glass of milk
Sugar a spoon of sugar
Tea a cup of tea, three cups of tea
Thunder a clap of thunder
Water a gallon of water
Work a piece of work
 EXERCISE
1. one potato, two _______
2. a library, many _______
3. one child, two _______
4. a leaf, a lot of _______
5. a wish, many _______
6. one fish, two _______
7. an opinion, many _______   22. a butterfly, several _______
8. a mouse, several _______
9. a sandwich, some _______
10. a man, many _______
11. one woman, two _______
12. a flash, three _______
13. one tomato, a few _______
14. one tooth, two _______
15. one shelf, two _______
16. a tax, a lot of _______
17. a possibility, several _______
18. a thief, many _______
19. a hero, many _______
20. a goose, a lot of _______
21. an attorney, a few _______
23. one category, two _______
24. a mosquito, a lot of _______
25. one sheep, two _______
26. a wolf, some _______
27. one stitch, two _______
28. one foot, three _______
29. one piano, two _______
30. a belief, many _______
 Please find some words that refer to the parts of speech

A PRIVATE CONVERSATION
Last week I went to the theater. I had a very good seat. The play was very
interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting
behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the
actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did
not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "
I can't hear a word!" I said angrily. "It's none of your business, "The young
man said rudely." This is a private conversation!"
 Students Corner

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