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(19/07/06).
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Anonim. 2005. Kaji Ulang Kuota Ekspor Kura-kura Batok. Kompas, Senin 5 Mei.
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Anonim. 2006. Daftar Satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi undang-undang di Jawa timur.
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(02/11/06).
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http://www.iwf.or.id/Agus%20Darmawan.htm. (28/07/06).
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(03/11/06).
Erna, S. 2004. Prevalensi Cacing Trematoda pada Katak Sawah (Fejervarya cancrivora) dan Katak
Batu (Limnonectes macrodon) di Tiga Kecamatan dalam Wilayah Kabupaten Bogor. Media
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http://www.ditjenphka.go.id/kkh/pps/jogja.pdf (03/11/06).

Glosarium
abdominal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
akuatik (aquatic) : bertalian dengan air
anal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
anal scale : lihat sisik anus
anaerobik (anaerobic) : tanpa oksigen
anterior : berada pada posisi ke arah
bagian depan tubuh
anus (vent) : bukaan tempat ekskresi
dan reproduksi
arboreal : terutama hidup di pohon-
pohon
axillary : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
bentik (benthic) : hidup di dasar laut
canopy : lihat kanopi
carapace : lihat karapas
carnivores : lihat karnivor
clutches : lihat onggokan
costal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
costal plate/scute : lihat pelat
kostalis
crustaceans : lihat krustasea
dewlap : lihat kantong dagu
diurnal : berhubungan dengan siang hari
dorsal : punggung
emergen (emergent) : pohon yang lebih
tinggi dari kanopi hutan di sekelilingnya
endemik (endemic) : hanya ditemukan
di suatu lokasi tertentu dan tidak
ditemukan di lokasi lain manapun di dunia
epifit (epiphyte) : tumbuhan yang
tumbuh dengan menumpang pada
tumbuhan lain tetapi tidak bersifat
parasitis
femoral : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
frontal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
frontonasal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
frontoparietal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
genus : sekelomnpok spesies yang saling
berhubungan kekeluargaan dekat;
ditunjukkan dari kata pertama nama
spesies tersebut
gigi labial : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 8)
gular : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
humeral : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
hutan sekunder : hutan yang dulunya
merupakan hutan hujan dataran rendah
141
 inframarginal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
inguinal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
interparietal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
invertebrata (invertebrates) :
binatang yang tidak bertulang punggung
kanopi : lapisan selubung atau bagian
atas dahan dan daun-daun di hutan
kantong dagu : kantong dagu pada
reptil (bunglon/tokek/cecak/kadal)
karapas : bagian atas tempurung kura-
kura
karnivor : pemakan daging
keel : tonjolan keras di sepanjang sisik
kelenjar paratoid : lihat paratoid
kostalis : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
krustasea : udang-udangan
labial scale : lihat sisik bibir
labial teeth: lihat Bagan 1 (hal 8)
loreal : Sisik pada reptil yang terletak di
antara mata dan hidungnya - lihat Bagan
1 (hal 9)
lubang udara : bukaan pada tubuh
berudu tempat air keluar dari insang
m : singkatan untuk “meter”
marginal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
mental : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
mental groove : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 10)
metatarsal tubercule : lihat tuberkula
metatarsal
moncong : hidung binatang
mortalitas (mortality) : kematian
nasal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
nokturnal (nocturnal) : hidup aktif
pada malam hari
nuchal : tengkuk (bagian depan
karapas); lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
nuchal crest : sisik yang membesar
yang terdapat pada bagian belakang leher
(tengkuk) reptil
nuchal scute : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
oksipital (Occipital) : lihat Bagan 7 (hal
85)
omnivor (omnivore) : pemakan segala
baik daging maupun tumbuh-tumbuhan
onggokan : Sejumlah telur yang
dikeluarkan pada saat bersamaan
palmar tubercules : lihat tuberkula
palmar
papila (papillae): tonjolan lembut di
sekeliling pinggiran mulut berudu
paratoid (kelenjar paratoid) : kelenjar
racun
parietal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
parthenogenesis : betina yang
bereproduksi tanpa kawin; populasi
keseluruhan terdiri dari betina saja
pectoral : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
pelat kostalis (costal plate) : lempeng
rusuk
142
petiole : tangkai
plastron : bagian bawah tempurung kura-
kura
posterior : tempat dekat bagian belakang
tubuh
postokular (postocular) : lihat Bagan 1
(hal 9)
predator : hewan pemangsa hewan lain
prefrontal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
preokular (preocular) : lihat Bagan 1
(hal 9, 10)
rostral : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
rudimenter : suatu bentuk yang bersifat
tidak sempurna
secondary growth : lihat tumbuhan
sekunder
sisik anus : sisik yang membesar pada
bagian perut dekat anus pada reptil
sisik bibir : sisik pada bibir reptil
sisik perut/ventral (ventral scale) :
sisik di bagian perut reptil
sisik subkaudal : sisik pada bagian
bawah ekor reptil
skut (scute) : sisik besar atau pelat yang
keras
skut kostalis (costal scute) : sisik yang
menyatu dengan rusuknya; lihat Bagan 1
snout : lihat moncong
spesies (species) : sekelompok
organisma yang mempunyai kesamaan
dalam karakteristik dan pada umumnya
tidak saling kawin dengan kelompok
lainnya
spiracle : lihat lubang udara
subkaudal : bagian bawah ekor
subcaudal scale : lihat sisik subkaudal
supraciliary : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
supranasal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
supraokular (supraocular) : lihat
Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
temporal : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9, 10)
testis : buah zakar
tuberkula metatarsal : benjolan keras
dekat tumit pada kaki kodok/katak
tuberkula palmar : tonjolan-tonjolan
keras di telepak tangan atau kaki kodok
tukik : anak penyu
tumbuhan/hutan sekunder : daerah
yang dulunya merupakan hutan hujan
dataran rendah
tympanum : gendang telinga
understory : lapisan tumbuh-tumbuhan
di hutan yang berada dekat tanah
ventral : perut
ventral scale : lihat sisik perut
vertebral : lihat Bagan 1 (hal 9)
vertebrata (vertebrates) : binatang
yang bertulang belakang
Python
reticulatus,
Kabupaten
Tabanan, Bali.
L. McKay.

Referensi
Karena referensi tidak disitir satu persatu dalam teks, referensi ini dibagi dalam
kategori-kategori sehingga keterangan khusus dapat diperoleh dengan mudah.

Reptil dan Amfibi - Umum

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Copeia 1962:679-726.
Auffenberg, W. 1980. The herpetofauna of Komodo, with notes on adjacent areas. Bulletin of the
Florida State Museum (B. S.) 25(2): 39-156.
Boulenger, G.A. 1897. A list of the reptiles and Batrachians collected by Mr Alfred Everett in Lombok,
Flores, Sumba etc. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 503-509.
Branch, B. 1996. Field Guide to the Snakes and other reptiles of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers,
Cape Town.
Bauer, A. and Sadlier, R. 2000. The Herpetofauna of New Caledonia. Society for the study of
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Chan-Ard T., Grossman W., Gumprecht A. and Schulz K.D. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles of
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snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland, London.
Das, I. 1998. Herpetological Bibliography of Indonesia. Krieger, Florida.
David, P. and Vogel, G. 1997. The Snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural
history notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
Gorman, G.C., Licht, P. and McCollum, F. 1981. Annual reproductive patterns in three species of
marine snakes from the central Philippines. Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 335-354.
[Acrochordus granulatus, Laticauda colubrina dan Cerberus rynchops]
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How, R.A. and Kitchener, D.J. 1997. Biogeography of Indonesian snakes. Journal of Biogeography
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How, R.A., Schmitt, L.A. and Suyanto, A. 1996. Geographic variation in the morphology of four
snake species from the Lesser Sunda islands, eastern Indonesia. Biological Journal of the
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Inger, R.F. 1966. The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology
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Inger, R.F. and Stuebing, R.B. 1997. A field guide to the Frogs of Borneo. Natural History
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 Kampen, P.N. van. 1923. The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian archipelago. Brill, Leiden.
Lim, B.L. and Das, I. 1999. Turtles of Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications
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Manthey, M. and Grossman, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Sudostasiens. Natur und Tier - Verlag,
Munster.
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Rooij, N. de. 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Vol 1. Lacertilia, Chelonia,
Emydosauria. Brill, Leiden.
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Stuebing, R.B. and Inger, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the Snakes of Borneo. Natural History
Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
Whitten, A.J. and McCarthy, C. 1993. List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Jawa and Bali. Tropical
Biodiversity. 1(3):169-177.
Whitten, T., Soeriaatmadja R.E. and Afiff, S.A. 1996. The Ecology of Java and Bali. Periplus, Hong
Kong.
Zhao, E.M. and Adler, K. 1993. Herpetology of China. Society for the study of Amphibians and
Reptiles Contributions to Herpetology 10: 1-522.

Sesilia, Ordo Gymnophiona

Salvador, A. 1975. Un nuevo cecilido procedente de Java (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Bonner
Zoologische Beitrage 26(4): 366-369. [Icthyophis bernisi]

Suku Bufonidae, Katak / Toads

Church, G. 1959. Size variation in Bufo melanostictus from Java and Bali (Amphibia). Treubia 25 (1):
113-126.
Church, G. 1960. The invasion of Bali by Bufo melanostictus. Herpetologica 16: 15-21.
Church, G. 1960. A comparison of a Javanese and a Balinese population of Bufo biporcatus with a
population from Lombok. Herpetologica 16: 23-28.
Strahan, R. 1957. The effect of salinity on the survival of larvae of Bufo melanostictus. Copeia 1957
(2): 146-147.

Suku Microhylidae, Kodok Bermulut Sempit / Microhylids

Parker, H.W. 1934. A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. British Museum Trustees,
London.

Suku Ranidae, Kodok / Ranids

Behler J.L. and King F.W. 1997. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles
and Amphibians. Chanticleer Press, New York. [Rana catesbeiana]
Church, G. 1960. The effects of seasonal and lunar changes on the breeeding pattern of the edible
Javanese frog Rana cancrivora Gravenhorst. Treubia 25 (2): 215-233.
Conant, R. and Collins, J.T. 1991. Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of eastern/central North
America. Houghton Mifflin, New York. [Rana catesbeiana]
Emerson, S.B., Inger, R.F. and Iskandar, D. 2000. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the
fanged frogs of southeast Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 131-142.
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voicelessness in the subgenus Limnonectes (Fitzinger). Herpetologica 49 (1): 22-31.
Inger, R.F. 1996. Commentary on a proposed classification of the family Ranidae. Herpetologica 52
(2): 241-246.
Iskandar, D.T., Boeadi and Sancoyo, M. 1996. Limnonectes kadarsani (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae),
a new frog from the Nusa Tenggara islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 44 (1): 21-28.
Liem, K.F. 1961. On the taxonomic status and the glandular patches of the Javanese frog Rana
chalconota Schlegel. Herpetologica 17 (1): 69-71.

Suku Rhacophoridae, Kodok Pohon Asia Tenggara / South-east Asian Treefrogs

Church, G. 1963. The variations of dorsal pattern in Rhacophorus leucomystax. Copeia 1963 (2): 400-
405.

144
Suku Dermochelyidae dan Cheloniidae, Kura-kura Laut / Sea Turtles
Davenport, J. 1988. The turtle industry of Bali. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 25: 16-24.
Dutton, P.H., Bowen, B.W., Owens, D.W., Baragan, A. and Davis, S.K. 1999. Global
phylogeography of the Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Journal of Zoology 248:
397-409.
Lutz, P., Musick, J. and Wyneken, J. (eds). 2003. Biology of the sea turtles, Vol 2. CRC Press,
Florida.
Morreale, S.J., Standora, E.A., Spotila, J.R. and Paladino, F.V. 1996. Migration corridor for sea
turtles. Nature 384:319-320.

Suku Agamidae, Agamida / Agamids

Inger, R.F. 1983. Morphological and ecological variation in the flying lizards (genus Draco). Fieldiana
Zoology, new series 18: 1-35.
McGuire, J. 2001. Phylogenetic systematics of Southeast Asian flying lizards (Iguania: Agamidae:
Draco) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean
Society 72: 203-229.
Musters, C.J. 1983. Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Zoologische
Verhandelingen 199:1-120.

Suku Dibamidae, Kadal Oriental yang meliang / Oriental Burrowing Lizards

Greer, A.E. 1985. The relationships of the lizard genera Anelytropsis and Dibamus. Journal of
Herpetology 19(1):116-156.

Suku Gekkonidae, Tokek / Geckos

Brown, W.C. and Reyes, A.Y. 1956. Phillipine lizards. Observations on the incubation period and on
hatchlings of several oviparous species. Silliman Journal 111: 139-143. [Hemidactlyus frenatus,
Hemidactlyus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata]
Brown, W.C. and Alcala, A.C. 1957. Viability of lizard eggs exposed to sea water. Copeia 1957(1):
39-41. [Hemidactlyus frenatus, Hemidactlyus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata]
Carranza, S., and Arnold, E.N. 2006. Systematics, biogeography, and evolution of Hemidactylus
geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) elucidated using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 531-545.
Case, T.J., Bolger, D.T. and Petren, K. 1994. Invasions and competitive displacement among house
geckos in the tropical Pacific. Ecology 75(2): 464-477. [Hemidactylus frenatus]
Chou, L.M. 1979. Eggs and incubation period of three Gekkonid lizards. Copeia 1979 (3): 552-554.
[Hemidactlyus frenatus, Hemidactlyus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata]
Church, G. 1962. The reproductive cycles of the Javanese House Geckos, Cosymbotus platyurus,
Hemidactylus frenatus, and Peropus mutilatus. Copeia 1962 (2): 262-269.
Church, G. and Lim, C.S. 1961. The distribution of three species of house gecko in Bandung (Java).
Herpetologica 17: 119-201. [Hemidactlyus frenatus, Hemidactlyus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata]
Das, I. 1993. Cnemaspis gordongekkoi, a new gecko from Lombok, Indonesia, and the biogeography
of oriental species of Cnemaspis. Hamadryad 18: 1-9.
Frankenberg, E. and Werner, Y.L. 1981. Adaptability of the daily activity pattern to changes in
longtitude, in a colonising lizard, Hemidactylus frenatus. Journal of Herpetology 15(3): 373-376.
Murphy-Walker, S. and Haley, S.R. 1996. Functional sperm storage duration in female
Hemidactylus frenatus (Family Gekkonidae). Herpetologica 52(3): 365-373.
Ota, H. 1994. Female reproductive cycles in the northernmost populations of the two gekkonid lizards,
Hemidactylus frenatus and Lepidodactylus lugubris. Ecological Research 9: 121-130.
Petren, K. and Case, T.J. 1996. An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an
ongoing invasion. Ecology 77(1): 118-132. [Hemidactylus frenatus]

Suku Scincidae, Kadal / Skinks

Alcala, A.C. and Brown, W.C. 1967. Population ecology of the tropical scincoid lizard, Emoia
atrocostata, in the Philippines. Copeia 1967(3): 596-604.
Brongersma, L.D. 1942. Notes on scincid lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen 24(1-2): 125-152.
[Cryptoblepharus balinensis, Sphenomorphus temminckii, S. vanheurni]
Brown, W. 1991. Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and
biogeography. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 15: 1-94.
Greer, A.E. 1968. Clutch size in the scincid genus Emoia. Copeia 1968(2): 417-418.

145
 Greer, A.E. 1977. The systematics and evolutionary relationships of the scincid lizard genus Lygosoma.
Journal of Natural History 11: 515-540.
Mausfeld, P., Schmitz, A., Bohme, W., Misof, B., Vrcibradic, D., and Rocha, C. 2002.
Phylogenetic affinities of Mabuya atlantica Schmidt, 1945, endemic to the Atlantic Ocean
archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Brazil): Necessity of partitioning the genus Mabuya
Fitzinger, 1826 (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 241: 281-293.
Mertens, R. 1931. Ablepharus boutoni (Desjardin) undseine geographische Variation. Zoologische
Jahrbucher Abt.f.syst. 61: 141-170. [Cryptoblepharus]
Mertens, R. 1964. Wietere Mitteilungen uber die Rassen von Ablepharus boutonii, 3. Zoologischer
Anzeiger 173: 99-110. [Cryptoblepharus balinensis, C. cursor, C. renschi]
Schmitt, L., How, R., Hisheh, S., Goldberg, J., and Maryanto, I. 2000. Geographic patterns in
genetic and morphological variation in two skinks along the Banda Arcs, southeastern Indonesia.
Journal of Herpetology 34: 240-258. [Eutropis multifasciata]

Suku Varanidae, Biawak / Monitors

Bennett, D. 1998. Monitor Lizards. Natural history, biology and husbandry. Edition Chimaira,
Frankfurt am Main.

Suku Typhlopidae, Ular Buta / Blind Snakes

Nussbaum, R. 1980. The Brahminy Blind Snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) in the Seychelles
archipelago: distribution, variation, and further evidence for parthenogenesis. Herpetologica 36:
215-221.
Ota, H., Hikida, T., Matsui, M. Mori, A. and Wynn, H.A. 1991. Morphological variation, karyotype
and reproduction of the parthenogenetic blind snake Ramphotyphlops braminus, from the
insular region of East Asia and Saipan. Amphibia-Reptilia 12: 181-193.

Suku Pythonidae, Ular Sanca / Pythons

Auliya, M., Mausfeld, P., Schmitz, A., and Bohme, W. 2002. Review of the reticulated python
(Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801) with the description of new species from Indonesia.
Naturwissenschaften 89: 201-213.

Suku Acrochordidae, Ular Air Tawar / File Snakes

Voris, H.K. and Glodek, G.S. 1980. Habitat, diet and reproduction of the file snake, Acrochordus
granulatus, in the Straits of Malacca. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 108-111.

Suku Colubridae, Colubrida / Colubrids

Ghodke, S. and Andrews, H. 2001. Enhydris plumbea (Boie, 1827) (Serpents: Colubridae;
Homalopsinae), a new record for India. Hamadryad 26(2): 373-375.
Gyi, K. 1970. A revision of the colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas
Publications.
Helfenberger, N. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Old World ratsnakes based on visceral organ
topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russian Journal of Herpetology, Supplement: 1-
62. [genus Coelognathus]
Ineich, I. and Deuve, J. 1990. Psammophis condanarus. Herpetological review 21(1): 23.
Inger, R.F. and Marx, H. 1965. The systematics and evolution of the oriental colubrid snakes of the
genus Calamaria. Fieldiana Zoology 49: 1-304.
Leviton, A. 1964. Contributions to a review of Phillipine snakes, II. The genera Liopeltis and
Sibynophis. Philippine Journal of Science 92 [1963] (3): 367-381. [Gongylosoma baliodeirum]
Smith, L. 1988. A colubrid snake introduced to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the
Western Australian Museum 14: 251-252. [Lycodon aulicus capucinus]
Smith, M. 1943. The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-
Chinese region. Vol 3, Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London. [Lycodon aulicus capucinus]

Suku Elapidae, Elapida / Elapids

Kuch, U., and Zug, G. 2004. Bungarus candidus. Diet. Herpetological Review 35(3): 274.
Tillack, F., and Grossman, W. 1998. Erstnachweis eines schwarzen Kraits (Gattung Bungarus
Daudin, 1803) auf Bali, Indonesien (Reptilia, Serpentes: Elapidae). Sauria 20(3): 11-14.
[Bungarus candidus]

146
Wuster, W. 1996. Taxonomic changes and toxinology: systematic revisions of the Asiatic cobras (Naja
naja species complex). Toxicon 34(4): 399-406.
Wuster, W. and Thorpe, R.S. 1989. Population affinities of the asiatic cobra (Naja naja) species
complex in south-east Asia: reliability and resampling. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
36: 391-409.

Suku Crotalidae dan Viperidae, Ular Viper / Pit-vipers and Vipers

Belt, P., Warrell, D.A., Malhotra, A., Wuster, W. and Thorpe R.S. 1997. Russell’s Viper in
Indonesia: snakebite and systematics. In: Venomous Snakes: Ecology, Evolution and
Snakebite. Thorpe, R., Wuster, W. and Malhotra, A. (eds). Clarendon, Oxford.
Giannasi, N., Thorpe, R.S. and Malhotra, A. 2001. The use of amplified fragment length
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Lang, R. de., and Vogel, G. 2005. The snakes of Sulawesi. A field guide to the land snakes of
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Malhotra, A. and Thorpe, R.S. 2000. A phylogeny of the Trimeresurus group of Pit vipers: new
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211.
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Suku Hydrophiidae dan Laticaudidae, Ular Laut dan Krait Laut / Sea Snakes and
Sea Kraits
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Hecht, M.K., Kropach, C. and Hecht, B.M. 1974. Distribution of the Yellow-bellied sea snake,
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Lemen, C.A. and Voris, H.K. 1981. A comparison of reproductive strategies among marine snakes.
Journal of Animal Ecology 50: 89-101.
McDowell, S.B. 1972. The genera of sea snakes of the Hydrophis group (Serpentes: Elapidae).
Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 32: 189-247.
Pernetta, J.C. 1978. Observations on the habits and morphology of the sea snake Laticauda colubrina
(Schneider) in Fiji. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55: 1612-1619.
Rassmussen, A. 1989. An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), Hydrophis lamberti Smith and
Hydrophis inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiinae: Serpentes) based on samples from various localities,
with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 10: 397-417.
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London.
Vanderduys, E., and Hobson, R. 2004. Two accounts of birth, post beach-washing, in Yellow-bellied
sea snakes, Pelamis platurus. Herpetofauna 34(2): 86-87.
Visser, J. 1967. Colour varieties, brood size, and food of South African Pelamis platurus (Ophidia:
Hydrophiidae). Copeia 1967: 219.
Voris, H.K. and Jayne, B.C. 1979. Growth, reproduction and population structure of a marine snake,
Enhydrina schistosa (Hydrophiidae). Copeia 1979(2): 307-318.
Voris, H.K. and Voris, H.H. 1983. Feeding strategies in marine snakes: an analysis of evolutionary,
morphological, behavioural and ecological relationships. American Zoologist 23: 411-425.
Voris, H.K., Voris, H.H. and Lim, B.L. 1978. The food and feeding behaviour of a marine snake,
Enhydrina schistosa (Hydrophiidae). Copeia 1978 (1): 134-146.
Ward, T. 2001. Age structures and reproductive patterns of two species of sea snake, Lapemis
hardwickii Grey (1836) and Hydrophis elegans (Grey 1842), incidentally captured by prawn
trawlers in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52: 193-203. [Lapemis curtus]

147
 Indeks

A Bufo
biporcatus, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38,
Acacia leucophloea, 18 144
Acalyptophis peronii, 88, 93, 131 melanostictus, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37,
Acrochordus granulatus, 21, 25, 30, 38, 144
85, 90, 98, 143, 146 Bungarus candidus, 30, 86, 91, 117,
Ahaetulla prasina, 7, 86, 91, 99 146
Aipysurus eydouxii, 25, 88, 93, 131 Bunglon surai, 25, 64
Akasia, 18
Amyda cartilaginea, 25, 52, 54, 60,
C
126
Anguilliformes, 139 Calamaria schlegeli cuvieri, 91, 101
Apogonidae, 103 Callionymidae, 139
Ara, 15 Caretta caretta, 52, 53, 55
Araceae, 15 Casuarina junghuhiana, 15
Ariidae, 133 Cat Snake
Arribada, 59 Dog-toothed, 100
Asian Brown Treefrog, 50 Many-spotted, 30, 101
Asian Eyebrow-ridge Toad, 38 Marbled, 17, 101
Asian House Gecko, 17, 21, 73 Cecak, 17, 21, 73, 74
Asian Leaf Turtle, 25, 59 berekor pipih, 74
Asian Water Monitor, 8, 18, 21, 25, Cecak terbang, 66, 67
83 Cemara gunung, 15
Astrotia stokesii, 88, 93, 132 Cerberus rynchops, 21, 25, 86, 91,
Atherinidae, 135 102, 143
Chelonia mydas, 25, 52, 53, 56
B Chrysopelea paradisi, 87, 92, 103
Cnemaspis
Bancet hijau, 22 gordongekkoi, 123, 145
Bancet hijau halus, 22 timoriensis, 123
Banded Rat Snake, 115 Cobra
Batrachoididae, 133 King, 30, 119
beach-imprinting, 27 Southern Indonesian spitting, 118
bekicot, 45, 112 Coelognathus
belut, 25, 103, 122, 129, 134, 135, flavolineatus, 15, 30, 87, 92, 104
136, 137, 139, 140 radiatus, 87, 92, 105
berkembang biak, 38, 39, 40, 41, 46, Common Dwarf Gecko, 76
48, 49, 51, 76, 98, 134, 138, 139 Common Four-clawed Gecko, 71
Biawak air, 8, 18, 21, 25 Corypha utan, 17
Blattaria, 74 Crab-eating Water Snake, 129
Bockadam, 21, 25, 102 Crested Toad, 37
Boiga Cricket Frog, 49
cynodon, 87, 91, 100 Cryptoblepharus
multomaculata, 17, 30, 87, 91, balinensis, 17, 62, 64, 77, 145,
101 146
Borassus flabillifer, 17, 18 cursor, 62, 64, 77
Borassus Palm, 17 renschi, 17, 24, 62, 64, 77, 78
Brahminy Blind Snake, 94, 146 Cuora amboinensis, 52, 54, 124
Bronchocela jubata, 25, 61, 63, 64 Cyatheaceae, 15
148
Cyclemys dentata, 25, 52, 54, 59 F
Cylindrophis
Ficus, 15
opisthorhodus, 86, 91, 128
Flat-tailed Gecko, 74
ruffus, 86, 91, 127, 128
Fordonia leucobalia, 86, 91, 129
Cyrtodactylus fumosus, 61, 63, 69
Forest Skink
Yellow-lined, 15, 82
D
Daboia G
russelii, 30, 87, 91, 130
Gebang, 18
russelii limitis, 130, 131
Gehyra mutilata, 62, 64, 71, 73, 145
russelii siamensis, 130
Gekko gecko, 7, 20, 61, 63, 71
Danau
Giant Javanese Frog, 123
Bratan, 17, 46
Gliding Lizard
Buyan, 17
Fimbriate, 65
Tamblingan, 17
Zebra, 10, 66
Dangap-dangap, 67
Goa Lawah, 26
Dendrelaphis pictus, 87, 92, 106
Gobiidae, 98, 103, 135, 137
Dermochelys coriacea, 25, 52, 53,
Gobioididae, 135
54, 145
Godogan, 48
Desmostachya bipinatata, 18
Gong Frog, 40
Dibamus taylori, 24, 61, 63, 69, 85,
Gongylosoma baliodeirum, 86, 91,
90
146
Dogania subplana, 54, 126
Great Crested Canopy Lizard, 25, 64
Dog-faced Water Snake, 102
Green Puddle Frog, 124
Draco
Green Turtle, 25, 56
fimbriatus, 61, 63, 65
Green Vine Snake, 7, 99
lineatus, 61, 63, 66
Gunung
volans, 61, 63, 67
Abang, 15, 17
Agung, 12
E
Batukaru, 15, 17, 43, 51
Edible Bullfrog, 45 Batur, 12, 110
Eight-striped Kukri Snake, 111 Gede, 83
Emlegan, 50 Klatakan, 15
Emoia Lempuyang, 11, 15, 17, 43
atrocostata atrocostata, 62, 64, Merbuk, 114
126
atrocostata australis, 127 H
atrocostata freycineti, 127
Harpadontidae, 133
Enggung, 37
Hawksbill Turtle, 57
Engraulidae, 133
Hemidactylus
Enhydrina schistosa, 25, 88, 93, 133,
frenatus, 17, 21, 62, 64, 71, 73,
147
75, 145
Enhydris plumbea, 86, 91, 107, 146
platyurus, 62, 64, 71, 73, 74
Epifit, 15
Hemiphyllodactylus typus, 61, 64, 76
Eretmochelys imbricata, 52, 53, 57
Hillstream softshell Turtle, 126
Eutropis
Hydrophis
multifasciata, 26, 62, 64, 79, 80
atriceps, 89, 93, 134
rugifera, 15, 62, 64, 80
caerulescens, 89, 93, 134, 135
cyanocinctus, 90, 94, 135
gracilis, 25, 89, 93, 135
149
 inornatus, 90, 94, 136 Kaloula baleata, 31, 33, 34, 35, 40
melanosoma, 90, 94, 136 kantong dagu, 64, 66, 68
ornatus, 90, 94, 136, 147 kardinal, 103
spiralis, 90, 94, 137 Kebun Raya Eka Karya, 17
Keeled Slug-eater, 17, 111
I Kintel lekat, 40
Kobra
Icthyophis King, 119
bernisi, 123 Kodok
hypocyaneus, 123 Banteng Amerika, 45
javanicus, 123 Hasselt, 15, 36
khotaoensis, 123 Hutan bakau, 44
ikan jangkrik, 49
berkepala pipih, 139 Jawa bermulut kecil, 41
buntal, 133 pohon coklat, 50
gobi, 25, 103, 131, 133, 134, 135, sawah, 8, 48
137 Krait laut
gulamah, 133 berbibir kuning, 25, 88, 89, 93,
jawfish, 133 121, 143, 147
kakap, 139 bersisik besar, 88, 93, 140
kaluna, 135 Krait Malaya, 30, 117
katak, 133 Kura-kura daun, 25
lizardfish, 133
manyung, 133
L
petek, 133
scorpion, 103 Labi-labi, 25, 60
sembilang, 137 Labridae, 98
teri, 133 Lapemis curtus, 89, 93, 137, 147
Wrasse, 98 Laticauda
Indo-Chinese Rat Snake, 22, 30, 114 colubrina, 25, 88, 89, 93, 121,
Indo-Chinese Sand Snake, 18, 25, 143, 147
113 laticaudata, 88, 93, 140
Isopoda, 74 Leatherback, 5, 54, 145
Leiognathidae, 133
J Lepidochelys olivacea, 25, 52, 53, 58
Leptobrachium hasseltii, 15, 31, 33,
Javanese Bullfrog, 40 34, 36
Lesser Sunda White-lipped Viper, 120
K Limnonectes
Kadal kadarsani, 124
Bali bermata ular, 17 macrodon, 32, 33, 35, 123
berekor biru, 17, 24 microdiscus, 31, 33, 35, 124
Bowring, 80 Little File Snake, 21, 25, 30, 98
matahari, 15 Loggerhead Turtle, 55
matahari bersisik kasar, 15 Lontar, 18, 20
Taylor, 24, 69 Lycodon
Kadal hutan aulicus capucinus, 87, 92, 109, 146
bergaris kuning, 15 subcinctus, 30, 88, 92, 110, 118
Temminck, 17 Lygosoma
Katak bowringi, 62, 64, 80
berbibir putih, 46 quadrupes, 62, 64, 81
bersurai kecil, 37
150
 M Pelamis platura, 25, 88, 93, 138
pemanjat, 97, 105, 110, 115
Maladewa, 74, 95, 110
pengerat, 30, 105, 109, 114, 115,
Malayan Krait, 10, 30, 117
130
Mangrove Frog, 8, 44
Penyu
Mangrove Skink, 126
belimbing, 25
melata, 120
hijau, 25
Microhyla
lekang, 25
achatina, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41
Percil Gunung, 42
palmipes, 15, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41
perkelahian ritual, 84
moluska, 56
Pipe Snake
Montane Chorus Frog, 15, 24, 42
Common, 128
Moraceae, 15
Fawn, 128
Moringuidae, 103, 135, 136
Platycephalidae, 139
muara, 20, 25, 56, 57, 98, 103, 107,
Plotosidae, 137
132, 133, 136, 138
Pohon Gebang, 17
Muraenidae, 136
Polypedates leucomystax, 32, 34, 35,
36, 50
N Psammodynastes pulverulentus, 17,
Naja sputatrix, 20, 30, 85, 87, 91, 88, 92, 112
92, 118 Psammophis
Narrow-mouthed Frog condanarus condanurus, 114
Javanese, 41 condanarus indochinensis, 18, 88,
Palmated, 15, 41 92, 113, 114
Pteridophyta, 15
O Ptyas
korros, 22, 30, 88, 92, 114
Occidozyga mucosa, 88, 92, 115
laevis, 22, 32, 33, 35, 43, 124 Pura
lima, 32, 33, 35, 124 Dalem, 17
Oligodon octolineatus, 86, 91, 111 Dewi Danau, 17
Olive Ridley, 25, 58, 59 Gubug, 17
Olive Water Snake, 107 Lempuyang, 23
Ophiophagus hannah, 30, 85, 88, 91, Luhur Batukaru, 17
92, 119 Mayat, 17
Opichthidae, 103, 137 Pygmy Creek Frog, 124
Opistognathidae, 133 Python
Oreophryne monticola, 17, 24, 31, molurus, 17, 18, 25, 30, 85, 90,
33, 34, 35, 42 95
Oriental Whip Snake, 99 reticulatus jampeanus, 97
reticulatus reticulatus, 8, 85, 90,
P 96, 146
reticulatus saputrai, 97
Pacific Ridley, 58
Python
Paddy Frog, 48
Burmese, 17, 18, 25, 30, 95
Painted Bronzeback, 106
Reticulated, 8, 96
Pakis, 15
Paku Tiang, 15
R
Palem Lontar, 17
Pandanus, 15 Racer
Paradise Tree Snake, 103 Copperhead, 105
Pareas carinatus, 17, 86, 91, 111 Red-tailed, 108
151
 Yellow-striped, 15, 30, 104 Spotted Ground Snake, 108
Ramphotyphlops Spotted Keelback, 116
braminus, 85, 90, 94, 123, 146 Striped Litter Snake, 117
lineatus, 123 Sun Skink
Rana Common, 26, 79
cancrivora, 32, 34, 36, 44, 45 Rough-scaled, 15, 80
catesbeiana, 32, 35, 45, 144 Sunda Ridge-headed Toad, 37
chalconota, 31, 34, 36, 46, 144 Supple Skink
limnocharis, 32, 34, 35, 36, 44, 48 Short-limbed, 81
nicobariensis, 31, 33, 34, 36, 49
Red-eared Slider, 125 T
remis, 98
Talas-talasan, 15
Rhabdophis chrysargos, 88, 92, 116
Taman Nasional Bali Barat, 6, 18, 20,
21, 23, 77, 96, 101, 103
S Tamarind Forest Gecko, 61, 63, 69
Sciaenidae, 133 Tanah Lot, 122
Scorpaenidae, 98 Temu-temuan, 15
Sea Krait Tetraodontidae, 133
Large-scaled, 140 Thalassophina viperina, 89, 93, 139
Yellow-lipped, 25, 121 Thalassophis anomalus, 89, 93, 139,
Sea Snake 147
Anomalous, 139 tigawaja, 133
Beaded, 25, 131 timpakul, 135, 137
Beaked, 25, 133 Tokay, 7, 20, 61, 63, 71
Black-headed, 134 Tokek, 5, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 145
Blotched-backed Giant, 137 Trachemys scripta, 54, 125
Dusky-chinned Giant, 135 Trimeresurus insularis, 29, 85, 90,
Grey, 139 120, 147
Horned, 131 Trypauchenidae, 135
Lesser Dusky, 136 Typhlops
Narrow-headed, 25, 135 ater, 123
Ornate, 136 bisubocularis, 123
Plain, 135
Short, 137
Yellow-bellied, 25, 138 U
selaput layang, 61, 65, 66, 67
ubur-ubur, 54, 56, 57
Sibynophis geminatus, 88, 92, 117
udang, 21, 45, 58, 133
Siganidae, 98, 103
udang karang, 45
Smooth-backed Puddle Frog, 22, 43
Ular
Snake-eyed Skink
air tawar kecil, 21, 25, 30, 98
Balinese, 17, 77
cecak, 30
Beach, 77
cecak belang, 30
Blue-tailed, 17, 24, 78
Cuvier, 101
Southeast Asian Box Turtle, 124
koros, 22
Southeast Asian Softshell Turtle, 25,
kucing loreng, 17
60
Kukri Bergaris Delapan, 111
Southern Indonesian Spitting Cobra,
mati ekor, 29
30, 118
pasir Asia, 18
Sphenomorphus
pucuk, 7
sanctus, 15, 62, 64, 82
Saab, 96, 97
temminckii, 62, 64, 83, 145
152
 sendok, 119 Ular racer
tambak, 21 berbelang kuning, 15, 30
viper Russel, 30
viper tiruan, 17 V
Ular laut
abu-abu, 89, 93, 139 Vanda tricolour, 17
anomali, 89, 93, 139, 147 Varanus salvator, 8, 18, 21, 25, 61,
berkepala hitam, 89, 93, 134 63, 83
berkepala kecil, 25, 89, 93, 135
berlurik, 90, 94, 136, 147 W
berparuh, 25, 133, 134 White-bellied Mangrove Snake, 86,
berperut kuning, 25, 88, 93, 138 91, 129
bertanduk, 88, 93, 131 White-lipped Frog, 31, 34, 36, 46,
besar berdagu kehitaman, 90, 94, 144
135 Wolf Snake
besar bertotol-totol, 90, 94, 137 Common, 87, 92, 109, 146
biasa, 90, 94, 136 White-banded, 30, 88, 92, 110,
biru, 89, 93, 134, 135 118
Eydoux, 25, 131, 132
pendek, 89, 93, 137, 147
Z
Stokes, 132, 133
Zingiberaceae, 15

Epifit di hutan
montana di
Gunung Abang,
Bali. B. Crase dan
L. McKay.

153
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