Bab

6
Sumber: Physics Today, 1989
Generator listrik mampu mengubah energi kinetik menjadi energi listrik
melalui proses induksi elektromagnetik.

Induksi
Elektromagnetik
Hasil yang harus Anda capai:

menerapkan konsep kelistrikan dan kemagnetan dalam berbagai penyelesaian

masalah dan produk teknologi.

Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu:

memformulasikan konsep induksi Faraday dan arus bolak-balik, keterkaitannya,

serta aplikasinya.

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12

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Induksi Elektromagnetik 131

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A. Gejala Induksi Elektromagnetik

1. Pengertian Induksi Elektromagnetik
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Gambar 6.1
Induksi elektromagnetik
(a) ketika magnet diam, jarum
galvanometer juga diam, (b) ketika
magnet dimasukkan ke dalam
kumparan, jarum galvanometer
bergerak ke kanan, dan (c) ketika
magnet dikeluarkan dari dalam
kumparan, jarum galvanometer
bergerak ke kiri.
132 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
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Aktivitas Fisika 6.1
Induksi Elektromagnetik
Tujuan Percobaan
Mengamati arus induksi
Alat-Alat Percobaan
1. Kumparan
2. Galvanometer
3. Magnet batang
Langkah-Langkah Percobaan
1. Susunlah peralatan seperti gambar berikut.
magnet kumparan
galvanometer
 2. Siapkan magnet batang, kemudian dekatkan pada kumparan, dan diamkan. Tokoh
Catat hasil pengamatan Anda.
3. Gerakkan magnet mendekati kumparan atau masukkan ke dalam kumparan.
Amati jarum galvanometer dan catat hasil pengamatannya.
4. Diamkan magnet batang di dalam kumparan. Amati jarum galvanometer dan Michael Faraday
catat hasil pengamatannya. (1791–1867)
5. Gerakkan magnet batang dengan arah menjauhi kumparan atau keluar
kumparan, amati jarum galvanometer, dan catat hasil pengamatannya.
6. Balikkan polaritas magnet batang, lakukan lagi percobaan langkah 2 dan
langkah 5. Catat hasil pengamatannya.
7. Tulis kesimpulan Anda tentang kegiatan ini.

2. Hukum Faraday
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Induksi Elektromagnetik 133

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134 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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Induksi Elektromagnetik 135

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Sebuah penghantar berbentuk U
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magnetik homogen B = 4 × 10–3 T
berarah menembus bidang kertas.
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menempel pada penghantar U dan
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kecepatan tetap v = 10 m/s. Hitung
ggl induksi antara ujung-ujung PQ.
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Informasi
untuk Anda


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Sumber: www.linearmagnetics.com
Induktor adalah sebuah
elektromagnet, yaitu sebuah
kumparan kawat dengan atau tanpa

1C1D
 '  

J1
inti magnetik yang menghasilkan
magnetisme jika arus mengalir
melewatinya.
Information for You
Inductor is an electromagnet, made of
wire coil with or without magnetic
core which can produce magnetism
when electric current through.
Sumber: Jendela Iptek, 1997
136 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
#149
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4. Induktansi Diri
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B525B1A

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 ggl induksi sebesar 32 V dalam
rangkaian. Induktansi rangkaian
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b. 0,40 H
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Pembahasan:
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9>4D;C1>B9
49A9
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1C1D
C?A?941
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dI
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d

Contoh 6.3 3,2 Vs
32 V =
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Sebuah rangkaian tertutup (a) saklar s
 ditutup, lampu menyala dan (b) saklar s
   J
- dibuka, lampu masih menyala beberapa
saat kemudian padam.

Induksi Elektromagnetik 137

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Contoh 6.4
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Sebuah kawat induktor
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-
-

138 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

 

 



  
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6. Rapat Energi dalam Bentuk Medan Magnetik

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Contoh 6.5 Tantangan

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!9CD>7<18 Sebuah kumparan (solenoida)
1 9>4D;C1>B9
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B?<5>?941 memiliki induktansi 500 mH.
2 5>5A79
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@141
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1ADB
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3 25B1A
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;D1C
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jika ada perubahan arus listrik dari

 100 mA menjadi 40 mA dalam waktu
1 0,01 s secara beraturan.
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Induksi Elektromagnetik 139

 8. Induktansi Silang
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Gambar 6.8
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02

140 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

Contoh 6.6
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)*
B5@1>:1>7


3=
4975A1;;1>
;5
;1>1>
;1F1C
G1>7
C5A@1B1>7
B52D18
1=@5A5=5C5A
1<1C
D;DA 45>71>
;535@1C1>


= B
41>
=5=?C?>7
C571;
<DADB
1ADB
:1AD=
1=@5A5=5C5A
1;1>
=5>G9=@1>7
41A9 9>4D;B9
=17>5C9;




K

J
-
B5@5AC9
@141
71=21A
;54D4D;1>
B5C9=21>7>G1
5B1A1>
1@1;18
G1>7 -5>CD;1>
25B1A
71G1
%?A5>CH
@141
;1F1C
)*
41>
1A18
=5>G5212;1>
C9=2D<>G1
@5>G9=@1>71>
C5AB52DC 1ADB>G1
@1;18
G1>7
C5A:149
@141
:1AD=
1=@5A5=5C5A
:9;1 P
1 21C1>7
=17>5C
491=
41<1=
;D=@1A1>
2 21C1>7
=17>5C
4975A1;;1>
<5298
35@1C
3 21C1>7
=17>5C
4975A1;;1>
;5<D1A
41A9
;D=@1A1>
R = 0,5 
 <D;B
=17>5C9;
G1>7
=5=?C?>7
BD1CD
;D=@1A1>
v = 20 m/s
25A;DA1>7
41A9

02
=5>:149

02
41<1=
F1;CD

B
#9;1
;D=@1A1>
C5A49A9
1C1B

<9<9C1>
C5>CD;1>
77<
G1>7 Q B
4981B9<;1>
 )141
B52D18
9>4D;C?A
45>71>


<9<9C1>
=5>71<9A
1ADB  1<1=
B52D18
;D=@1A1>
C5A41@1C
@5AD2181>
;D1C
1ADB
<9BCA9;
G1>7
25AD218
C5A8141@
F1;CD
G19CD



 B B525B1A



G1>7
=5>9=2D<;1>
@5AD2181>
6<D;B
1<1=
F1;CD
G1>7
B1=1
=5>9=2D<;1>
@5AD2181> =17>5C9;

02
@141
;D=@1A1>
;54D1
G1>7
C5A<5C1;
6<D;B
=17>5C
G1>7
49<9>7;D@9>G1
B525B1A



02 49
<D1A
;D=@1A1>
@5AC1=1
-5>CD;1>
9>4D;C1>B9
B9<1>7
-5>CD;1> ;54D1
;D=@1A1>
:9;1
;D=@1A1>
;54D1
=5=9<9;9


1 9>4D;B9
49A9
;D=@1A1> <9<9C1>
2 77<
9>4D;B9
49
D:D>7D:D>7
;D=@1A1>
 ,5@?C?>7
;1F1C
25A75A1;
=5=?C?>7
=541>
=17>5C9;
8?=?75>
G1>7
25B1A>G1


-
41>
=5=25>CD;
BD4DC

I
#9;1
<D1B
6<D;B
G1>7
C5A@?C?>7


=
41<1=
F1;CD


B
C5>CD;1>
77<
9>4D;B9
G1>7
C9=2D<

Induksi Elektromagnetik 141

 B. Aplikasi Induksi Elektromagnetik Faraday
@<9;1B9
9>4D;B9
5<5;CA?=17>5C9;
1A141G
41<1=
;5894D@1>
B581A9
81A9
1>C1A1
<19>
B521719
25A9;DC
1. Generator
)5A>18;18
>41
25A;D>:D>7
;5
C5=@1C
)5=21>7;9C
%9BCA9;
-5>171
9A
G1>7
141
49
#1C9<D8DA
#1F1
1A1C
9
B1>1
C5A41@1C
1<1C
<9BCA9;
G1>7
49>1=1;1>
!(+-)+
5>5A1C?A
141<18
1<1C
G1>7
25A6D>7B9
=5>7D218
5>5A79
;9>5C9;
=5>:149
5>5A79
<9BCA9;
5>5A1C?A
25;5A:1
25A41B1A;1>
@A9>B9@
9>4D;B9
5<5;CA?=17>5C9;
-5A41@1C
4D1
:5>9B
75>5A1C?A
G19CD
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
2?<1;21<9;
41>
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
B51A18
a. Generator Arus Bolak-Balik
)-

=5>D>:D;;1>
B;5=1
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
2?<1;21<9;
1A1
;5A:1
75>5A1C?A
C5AB52DC
141<18
B521719
25A9;DC
 $D=@1A1>
G1>7
49<5C1;;1>
41<1=
=541>
=17>5C9;
49@DC1A
B589>771
=5>71<1=9
@5AD2181>
:D=<18
71A9B
71G1
=17>5C9;
;921C>G1
C5A:149
77<
9>4D;B9
G1>7
=1=@D
=5>781B9<;1>
1ADB
<9BCA9;
ADB
<9BCA9;
G1>7
4981B9<;1>>G1
25AD@1
1ADB
2?<1;21<9;

1C1D
&-+(-#(!
.++(-
;1A5>1
B5C91@
;1A2?>
1;1>
=5>41@1C;1>
@?<1A9C1B
77<
9>4D;B9
G1>7
25AD218D218
;DCD2
@?B9C96
41>
;DCD2
>571C96
B531A1
25A71>C91>
 .>CD;
=5>G1<DA;1>
1ADB
<9BCA9;
G1>7
49@5A?<58
;54D1
D:D>7
;D=@1A1>
49@1B1>79
39>39>
G1>7
C5A@9B18
41>
49C5=@5<;1>
@141
B9;1C
;1A2?>
G1>7
498D2D>7;1>
45>71>
;125<
@5>G1<DA
kumparan
sikat
karbon
Gambar 6.9
Skema generator arus bolak-balik

cincin
arah putaran luncur
b. Generator Arus Searah
)141
41B1A>G1
@A9>B9@
;5A:1
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
B51A18
B1=1
45>71>
@A9>B9@
;5A:1
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
2?<1;21<9;
)5A25411>>G1
@141
75>5A1C?A
1ADB
B51A18
49@1B1>7
%)'.--)+
25AD@1
B52D18
39>39>
25<18
D>7B9
;?=DC1C?A
9>9
=5>71CDA
171A
B5C91@
B9;1C
;1A2?>
B5<1<D
=5>41@1C;1>
@?<1A9C1B
77<
9>4D;B9
G1>7
C5C1@
B9;1C
@5AC1=1
@?B9C96
41>
B9;1C
<19>>G1
>571C96
kumparan

Gambar 6.10
Skema generator arus searah

sikat karbon

komutator
arah putaran

2. Transformator (Trafo)
+(, )+'-)+
141<18
1<1C
G1>7
25A6D>7B9
=5>7D218
=5>19;;1>
1C1D
=5>DAD>;1>
C571>71>
<9BCA9;

(<58
;1A5>1
9CD
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
492179
=5>:149
4D1
:5>9B
G19CD
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*.*
41>
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*)0(

142 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

-A1>B6?A=1C?A
C5A49A9
1C1B
;D=@1A1>
@A9=5A
;D=@1A1>
B5;D>45A
41>
9>C9
25B9
?>C?8
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
49CD>:D;;1>
@141
)-


Gambar 6.11
Transformator

Sumber: PHYWE, 1989

a. Transformator Step-up
-A1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*.*
25A6D>7B9
=5>19;;1>
C571>71>
<9BCA9;

171>
B545A81>1
B52D18
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*.*
49CD>:D;;1>
@141
)-
  primer sekunder
)141
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
BC5@D@
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A
<5298
21>G1;
41A9@141
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
,
* Np Ns

b. Transformator Step-down
-A1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*)0(
25A6D>7B9
=5>DAD>;1>
C571>71>
<9BCA9;
 Gambar 6.12
171>
B545A81>1
B52D18
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*)0(
49CD>:D;;1>
@141 Bagan transformator step-up

)-


)141
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
,-*)0(
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
<5298
21>G1;
41A9@141
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A
*
,
)A9>B9@
;5A:1
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
141<18
B521719
25A9;DC
primer sekunder
 $D=@1A1>
@A9=5A
498D2D>7;1>
45>71>
C571>71>
=1BD;1>
25AD@1
1ADB
2?<1;21<9;
25B1A
41>
1A18>G1
B5<1<D
25AD218D218 Np Ns
 (<58
;1A5>1
1ADB
G1>7
25AD218D218
@141
9>C9
25B9
C5A:149
@5AD2181>
:D=<18
71A9B
71G1
=17>5C9;
B531A1
C5ADB=5>5ADB
;921C>G1
@141
;D=@1A1>
B5;D>45A
C5A:149
77<
9>4D;B9
41>
1ADB
9>4D;B9
B521719
;5<D1A1> Gambar 6.13
).-*.-
41A9
CA1>B6?A=1C?A Bagan transformator step-down

)5A21>49>71>
1>C1A1
C571>71>
@A9=5A
*
41>
C571>71>
B5;D>45A

,
@141
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
B1=1
45>71>
@5A21>49>71>
1>C1A1
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
*
41>
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A
,
,531A1
=1C5=1C9B
41@1C
49CD<9B
B521719
25A9;DC
*  *
 J
,  ,
$5C5A1>71>
 * 
C571>71>
@A9=5A
/
 * 
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
 , 
C571>71>
B5;D>45A
/
 , 
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A
#9;1
@141
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
491>771@
C941;
141
5>5A79
<9BCA9;
G1>7
25A
D218
=5>:149
5>5A79
25>CD;
<19>
CA16?
9451<
25A<1;D
8D2D>71>
B521719
25A9;DC
41G1
@A9=5A

41G1
B5;D>45A
@

B
1C1D
@
@

B
B J
$5C5A1>71>
* 
41G1
@A9=5A
0
, 
41G1
B5;D>45A
0
* 
1ADB
@A9=5A

, 
1ADB
B5;D>45A


Induksi Elektromagnetik 143

 Aktivitas Fisika 6.2
Membuat Transformator
Tujuan Percobaan
Membuat transformator step-up.
Alat-Alat Percobaan kumparan
1. Kawat tembaga kira-kira 1 m
2. Sumber tegangan 12 V (AC)
inti besi
Langkah-Langkah Percobaan voltmeter
1. Susunlah peralatan seperti gambar berikut.
2. Lilitkan 10 lilitan kawat pada bagian kiri inti besi, sebagai kumparan primer.
Kemudian, sebanyak 20 lilitan pada bagian karena inti besi yang lain, sebagai
kumparan sekunder. Hubungkan dengan sumber tegangan.
3. Catat besar tegangan yang terbaca pada voltmeter.
4. Teruskan menambah 10 lilitan pada kumparan sekunder hingga menjadi 50
lilitan. Amati dan catat besar tegangan yang terbaca pada voltmeter.
5. Masukkan data hasil pengamatan Anda pada tabel. Kemudian, buatlah grafik
tegangan sekunder terhadap jumlah lilitan sekunder.
Data Percobaan
No Jumlah Lilitan Sekunder Besar Tegangan Sekunder

1. 20 ....
Tantangan 2. 30 ....
untuk Anda 3. 40 ....
4. 50 ....
Anda memiliki walkman yang
menggunakan baterai 3 V. 6. Berikan kesimpulan Anda dari kegiatan ini.
Bagaimana caranya agar
walkman tersebut dapat
menggunakan listrik dari PLN
yang besarnya 220 V?
Contoh 6.7
,52D18
CA16?
BC5@4?F>
1;1>
497D>1;1>
D>CD;
=5>G1<1;1>
A149?

/
41A9
BD=25A
)%'


/
-5>CD;1>
1 @5A21>49>71>
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
41>
B5;D>45A
CA16?
C5AB52DC
2 :D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A
:9;1
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A>G1


<9<9C1>
3 1ADB
G1>7
497D>1;1>
A149?
:9;1
49
;D=@1A1>

@A9=5A
C5A41@1C
1ADB
B525B1A



1
9;5C18D9

*



/

,



<9<9C1>

,


/

*





1 )5A21>49>71>
C571>71>
B521>49>7
45>71>
@5A21>49>71>
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
*  * *
  

/ 
,  , 
/ ,
#149
@5A21>49>71>
*
B


2 5A41B1A;1>
81B9<
@5A89CD>71>
21791>

=1;1
 * 

   *  


#149
:D=<18
<9<9C1>
@A9=5A


<9<9C1>
3 .>CD;
=5>789CD>7
1ADB
<9BCA9;
41@1C
497D>1;1>
@5AB1=11>
*


,

1C1D

*

*


,

,
* ,
 
 
/
    ,  

, * , 

/
#149
1ADB
G1>7
497D>1;1>
A149?
141<18



144 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

 )141
;5>G1C11>>G1
C941;
141
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
G1>7
9451<
,521791>
5>5A79
<9BCA9;
25AD218
=5>:149
25>CD;
5>5A79
<19>
41<1=
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
=9B1<>G1 Ingatlah
5>5A79
@1>1B
#149
D>CD;
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
C941;
9451<
B5<1<D
25A<1;D
41G1
B5;D>45A
<5298
;539<
41A9@141
41G1
@A9=5A
,*
B589>771
569B95>B9>G1 Tidak ada transformator yang
efisiensinya 100% karena sebagian
<5298
;539<
41A9


 energi listrik berubah menjadi

69B95>B9
B52D18
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
494569>9B9;1>
B521719
81B9<
2179
41G1 bentuk energi lain.
<9BCA9;
B5;D>45A
45>71>
41G1
<9BCA9;
@A9=5A
69B95>B9
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
49>G1C1;1>
41<1=
@5AB5>
B531A1
=1C5=1C9B
49CD<9B
,
  

 J
*
$5C5A1>71>

569B95>B9
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
, 
41G1
<9BCA9;
B5;D>45A
* 
41G1
<9BCA9;
@A9=5A

Contoh 6.8
,52D18
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
41<1=
B52D18
A149?
CA1>B9BC?A
41@1C
=5>7D218
C571>71>
41A9


/
=5>:149

/
#D=<18
<9<9C1>
B5;D>45A>G1


<9<9C1>
C5A>G1C1
;D1C
1ADB
G1>7
=5>71<9A
@141
A149?



#9;1
569B95>B9
CA1>B6?A=1C?A
C5AB52DC


C5>CD;1>
1 ;D1C
1ADB
<9BCA9;
@141
;D=@1A1>
@A9=5A
2 41G1
@A9=5A
41>
41G1
B5;D>45A
1
9;5C18D9

*



/

,



<9<9C1>

,


/

,





1 -A1>B6?A=1C?A
C941;
25AB961C
9451<
=1;1
25A<1;D
 
 ,  

  , ,  


* * *


/ 

 
 

   

  * 






/ 
* 
#149
;D1C
1ADB
<9BCA9;
@141
;D=@1A1>
@A9=5A
141<18




kumparan
2 .>CD;
=5>789CD>7
41G1
@141
B5C91@
;D=@1A1>
41@1C
497D>1;1>
@5AB1=11>
* 
*
*




/





0
#149
41G1
@A9=5A>G1
141<18

0
, 
,

,


/




0
#149
41G1
B5;D>45A>G1
141<18

0
arus pusar inti besi
c. Arus Pusar pada Transformator
1
)5A81C9;1>
21C1>7
;?>4D;C?A
1>C1A1
4D1
=D;1
;DCD2
5<5;CA?=17>5C9;
B5@5AC9
G1>7
49CD>:D;;1>
@141
)-

#9;1
=541>
=17>5C9;

1>C1A1
=D;1
;DCD2
9CD
25AD218
C5A8141@
F1;CD
6<D;B
G1>7
=5<1<D9
B5=21A1>7
B9=@1<
C5ACDCD@
41<1=
21C1>7
1;1>
25AD218
:D71
B589>771
C9=2D<
1ADB
ADB
9>9
49>1=1;1>
45>71>
+.,
2
1C1D
1ADB
@DB1A
ADB
@DB1A
G1>7
C5A:149
@141
9>C9
CA16?
=5AD79;1>
B5212
CA16?
;589<1>71>
5>5A79
1C1D
41G1>G1
=5>:149
@1>1B
#9;1
@1>1B
9>9
3D;D@ 2
C9>779
CA16?
41@1C
C5A21;1A
B589>771
ADB1; Gambar 6.14
.>CD;
=5>35718
;5AD791>
41G1
21C1>7
;?>4D;C?A
CA1>B6?A=1C?A (a) Trafo dengan inti besi.
(b) Trafo dengan inti besi
492D1C
25A<1@9B<1@9B
B5@5AC9
@141
)-

9
1>C1A1
<1@9B1> berupa lempengan yang
@5<1C
<?71=
4925A9
9B?<1B9
&%+
B589>771
<9>7;1A1>
1ADB
@DB1A
=5>:149 terpisahkan oleh laker.

Induksi Elektromagnetik 145

 Kata Kunci
• generator
• Alternating Current
• komutator
• transformator/trafo
• transformator step-up
• transformator step-down
• efisiensi transformator
• arus pusar (arus eddy)
;539<
5>71>
31A1
B5@5AC9
9>9
;5AD791>
41G1
1;921C
1ADB
@DB1A
41@1C
49;DA1>79
-941;
B5=D1
1ADB
@DB1A
25AB961C
=5AD79;1>
@141
2525A1@1
@5A1<1C1>
G1>7
=5>77D>1;1>
@A9>B9@
9>4D;B9
5<5;CA?=17>5C9;
1ADB
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3. Transmisi Daya Listrik Jarak Jauh
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/
pabrik
transmisi tegangan tinggi
pusat
pembangkit
listrik
tiang listrik
generator rumah
Gambar 6.15
Bagan transmisi daya listrik
jarak jauh
transformator transformator gardu listrik
Sumber: Jendela IPTEK, 1995

Contoh 6.9
,52D18
75>5A1C?A
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/

146 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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Induksi Elektromagnetik 147

 V Vm V = Vm sint
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Gambar 6.16
Grafik tegangan dan arus listrik
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Gambar 6.18
Pengukuran arus listrik dengan
menggunakan volmeter.
1 2

148 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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kWh meter yang ada di rumah
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A R B I

Im
I ef
t
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1 (a) Sebuah rangkaian dengan
t
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Induksi Elektromagnetik 149

 




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Contoh 6.11
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2?<1;21<9;
BD=25A
41>
CD<9B;1>
@5AB1=11>>G1
:9;1
6A5;D5>B9>G1


!H
1
9;5C18D9
 


/



!H
1 '9<19
C571>71>
=1;B9=D=
=1;B
4989CD>7
45>71>
=5>77D>1;1>
"-.)*
 3

B589>771
49@5A?<58
Tantangan  =1;B 
 
untuk Anda



/
Apakah yang menyebabkan 2 )5AB1=11>
C571>71>
49@5A?<58
45>71>
=5>77D>1;1>
"-.)*
 3 
G19CD
sengatan listrik, arus listrik, atau  
=1;B
B9>  -
tegangan listrik?


 B9>


-

150 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

Contoh 6.12
+74F3:
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
?7?;>;=;
:3C93
E793@93@
D74393;
8F@9D;
H3=EF
J3;EF



 D;@


.
!;EF@9>3:
3 E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
%#*
4 E793@93@
BF@53=
=7
BF@53=
((
5 E793@93@
787=E;8

 
6 8C7=F7@D;
3@9F>7C


7 B7C;A67



8 8C7=F7@D;



9 E793@93@
D7E7>3:
+




D7=A@
#7#$
7@93@
?7@J3?3=3@
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@
J3@9
6;=7E3:F;
E7C:363B
'34#/##0
9
?3=3
6;B7CA>7:


%
D;@
+




 D;@


+
63C;
B7CD3?33@
E7CD74FE
6;B7CA>7:




.
63@





C36 D
3 %



.
4 ((


%


 .



 .
%
5 

 

.  

.
 
6




C36 D
7

 
   
 

D



  
!K
8





9 


 D;@


+


 D;@








.
I

Imaks
4. Harga Kuat Arus dan Tegangan Rata-Rata Ir
!3C93
=F3E
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
C3E3C3E3
363>3:
=F3E
3CFD
4A>3=43>;= t
J3@9
@;>3;@J3
D7E3C3
67@93@
=F3E
3CFD
D73C3:
F@EF=
?7?;@63:=3@ 1
t
?F3E3@
>;DEC;=
J3@9
D3?3
63>3?
H3=EF
J3@9
D3?3
)7C:3E;=3@
9C38;= 2

D;@FDA;63
63C;
3CFD

D7>3?3
 
D7=A@
#/$#3
 Gambar 6.22
Grafik hubungan I dan t
 Imaks = kuat arus maksimum
-@EF=
3CFD
D73C3:
D7E7>3:
 
D7E7@93:
B7C;A67
?F3E3@
J3@9 Ir = kuat arus rata-rata.

6;>3>F;@J3
?7?7@F:;
B7CD3?33@




)   N 

63BF@
<F?>3:
?F3E3@
J3@9
6;>3>F;
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@

363>3:



 D;@
++ N 


%#*

Induksi Elektromagnetik 151

 Tugas Anda 3C;
'34#/##0
9 
63@
'34#/##0
9 
3=3@
6;B7CA>7:
B7C
D3?33@
3CFD
C3E3C3E3
D74393;
47C;=FE
Arus listrik bolak-balik dapat
diamati menggunakan osiloskop. 
Bersama kelompok belajar Anda, 

)

D;@
++ N 

gunakan osiloskop yang ada di
laboratorium sekolah Anda untuk %#*
mempelajari penggunaan

osiloskop tersebut. Catatlah hal-

hal yang Anda anggap penting. 7@93@
?7@99F@3=3@
53C3
?3E7?3E;=3
6;B7CA>7:
Mintalah bimbingan guru Fisika
Anda untuk melakukan tugas ini.  %#*
)

N 


7@93@
B7@<343C3@
J3@9
D3?3
3=3@
6;B7CA>7:
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@
C3E3C3E3
F@EF=
3CFD

D747D3C
%#*
)

N 


$7E7C3@93@
) 
E793@93@
C3E3C3E3
.
%#* 
E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
.

Contoh 6.13
)7CD3?33@
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
DF3EF
C3@9=3;3@
>;DEC;=
?7?7@F:;
B7CD3?33@



D;@


.
,7@EF=3@
E793@93@
C3E3C3E3
J3@9
6;:3D;>=3@
DF?47C
E7CD74FE
#7#$
;=7E3:F;



D;@


.
%#*


.
7@93@
?7@99F@3=3@
'34#/##0
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6;B7CA>7:
%#* 

. 
 ) 






.

5. Diagram Fasor
-@EF=
?7?B7C?F63:
?7@93@3>;D;D
3C3:
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
Im
6;9F@3=3@
?7EA67
6;39C3?
83DAC
3DAC
(!*
-#+')
363>3:
DF3EF
47D3C3@
Vm
J3@9
6;>F=;D=3@
D74393;
DF3EF
G7=EAC
J3@9
47D3C
DF6FE
BFE3C@J3
E7C:363B

t
DF?4F
:AC;KA@E3>
D3?3
67@93@
DF6FE
83D7@J3

+ 
3DAC
DF3EF
G7=EAC
47CBFE3C
47C>3H3@3@
3C3:
<3CF?
<3?
67@93@
=757B3E3@
DF6FE
E7E3B
6;93?43C=3@
A>7:
D74F3:
3@3=
B3@3:
F@EF=
?7@J3E3=3@
E793@93@
63@
Gambar 6.23 =F3E
3CFD
63C;
DF3EF
C3@9=3;3@
>;DEC;=
)363
#/$#3

63B3E
@63
Grafik fasor I dan V B7C:3E;=3@
6;39C3?
83DAC
63C;
E793@93@
63@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
+F?4F
:AC;KA@E3>
B363
#/$#3

363>3:
F@EF=
?7@7@EF=3@
a
R
b
47D3C@J3
DF6FE
83D7
J3@9
6;F=FC
63>3?
D3EF3@
67C3<3E
3E3F
C36;3@
D763@9=3@
DF?4F
G7CE;=3>
F@EF=
?7@7@EF=3@
@;>3;
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
J3@9
?7CFB3=3@
47D3C3@
D=3>3C
4F=3@
G7=EAC
&7>3>F;
?7EA67
I 6;39C3?
83DAC
;@;
6;:3C3B=3@
@63
63B3E
?7?3:3?;
3C3:
83D7
G7=EAC
67@93@
?F63:
V = Vmsin
t
6. Resistor pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik
)363
#/$#3


D74F3:
C7D;DEAC
?FC@;

6;B3D3@9
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
Gambar 6.24
Rangkaian arus AC dengan E7CEFEFB
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
C38;=
E793@93@
DF?47C
J3@9
47CD;83E
D;@FDA;63
hambatan murni R. 3=3@
?7@9:3D;>=3@
3CFD
J3@9
<F93
47CD;83E
D;@FDA;63

152 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

 )7CD3?33@
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
3@E3C3
F<F@9F<F@9
C7D;DEAC
?FC@; rotasi Vm
V = Vm sin
t

363>3: i = im sin
t
im


%
D;@
+ N

2
3


t
7@93@
?7?7C:3E;=3@
6-6/
*/
J3@9
?7@J3E3=3@
43:H3
=F3E
3CFD
3
5

2 2 2
 
J3@9
?7@93>;C



?7?;>;=;
:F4F@93@
67@93@
%

% 
?3=3
47D3C
 Gambar 6.25
Grafik kuat arus I dan tegangan V
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
J3@9
?7@93>;C
?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
?7?7@F:;
B7CD3?33@ pada rangkaian hambatan murni,
arus I, dan tegangan V sefase.


%
D;@
+ N
)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3

7C63D3C=3@
'34#/##0
9

63@
'34#/##0
9

3CFD
?3=D;?F?
63@
E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
?7?;>;=;
83D7
J3@9
D3?3
CE;@J3
=7E;=3
BAD;D;
=F?B3C3@
?7@53B3;
DF6FE

M Imaks Vmaks
E793@93@
63@
3CFD
J3@9
?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
?7@53B3;
@;>3;
?;@;?F?
%74;:
t
<7>3D@J3
@63
B7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3

;39C3?
83DAC
63C;
=F3E
3CFD
63@
E793@93@@J3
?7?;>;=;
3C3:
J3@9
D3?3
Gambar 6.26
Mari Mencari Tahu Diagram fasor arus I dan
tegangan V memiliki arah
yang sama.
*7D;DEAC
?7CFB3=3@
D3>3:
D3EF
=A?BA@7@
>;DEC;=
J3@9
D7C;@9
6;9F@3=3@
+7E;3B
C7D;DEAC
J3@9
6;<F3>
6;
B3D3C3@
?7?;>;=;
@;>3;
C7D;DE3@D;
E7CE7@EF
,F93D
@63
4F3E>3:
C7DF?7
?7@97@3;
53C3
?7@9;67@E;8;=3D;
@;>3;
D74F3:
C7D;DEAC
+7E7>3:
?7?4F3E
C7DF?7
;@;
6;:3C3B=3@
@63
63B3E
?7@97@3>;
C7D;DEAC
63@
?3?BF
?7@7@EF=3@
@;>3;
C7D;DE3@D;@J3
63C;
5;C;5;C;
J3@9
6;?;>;=;
C7D;DEAC
E7CD74FE
93C
>74;:
?7@3C;=
D7CE3=3@
93?43C
?353??353?
C7D;DEAC
63>3?
EF>;D3@
@63

7. Induktor Murni pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik L

a b
)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3
 
+74F3:
;@6F=EAC
?FC@;
?7?;>;=;
;@6F=
E3@D;
6;C;

)363
D33E
3CFD
>;DEC;=
?7@93>;C
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
3=3@
E;?4F>
93J3
97C3=
>;DEC;=
;@6F=D;
99>
6;
3@E3C3
F<F@9
;@6F=EAC
J3@9
47D3C@J3 I = Im sin
t
363>3:
     Gambar 6.27
+ Rangkaian arus bolak-balik
dipasang seri dengan sebuah
63BF@
4763
E793@93@
3@E3C3
F<F@9F<F@9
=F?B3C3@
D74393;
8F@9D; induktor murni.
H3=EF
363>3:


%
D;@
+ N
#;=3
@63
B7C:3E;=3@
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
63>3?
#/$#3
 V = Vm sin (
t )

C3@9=3;3@
E7CD74FE
?7CFB3=3@
C3@9=3;3@
E7CEFEFB
63@
47C>3=F
!F=F? Vm I = Im sin

t
""
$;C5:A88
!F=F?
""
$;C5:A88
?7@J3E3=3@
43:H3 im
   



t


(>7:
=3C7@3
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
E7CD74FE
C7D;DEAC
?FC@;
E;63=
363
J3;EF 2
2

@;>3;




?3=3
6;B7CA>7:
B7CD3?33@
=F3E
3CFD
D74393;
47C;=FE


*,%)

"&,#+') 

 Gambar 6.28



%
D;@
+
N

+ 

Grafik kuat arus I dan tegangan V
pada rangkaian induktif murni.
  Tegangan V mendahului arus I

+
 % D;@
+ sekitar 90°.


Induksi Elektromagnetik 153

 %
  
D;@
+ +
 
%
 

N 5AD
+ 


%
 





D;@

+ 

 




 % D;@ 
+ N  N 
 
7@93@
?7?7C:3E;=3@
B7@FCF@3@
'34#/##0
9

6;=7E3:F;
43:H3

 %  % 
&7@FCFE
!F=F?
(:?


?7CFB3=3@
@;>3;
:3?43E
;@6F=EAC


J3@9
6;D74FE
C73=E3@D;
;@6F=E;8

D7:;@993
63B3E
6;EF>;D



3E3F




 N
$7E7C3@93@
  
C73=E3@D;
;@6F=E;8
  


=757B3E3@
DF6FE
C36 D
 
;@6F=E3@D;
6;C;
!


8C7=F7@D;
!K
7@93@
?7@93?3E;
:F4F@93@
'34#/##0
9

63@
'34#/##0
VL 9

6;=7E3:F;
B7C47633@
83D7
3@E3C3
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
J3@9


?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
;@6F=E;8
E7CD74FE
D747D3C
 
7@93@
DF6FE
83D7
3CFD


E7CE;@993>
363>3:
 C36
63C;
DF6FE
83D7
E793@93@
90° I
@63
3=3@
>74;:
?7?3:3?;
<;=3
?7?7C:3E;=3@
9C38;=
E793@93@
D;@FDA;63>
63@
9C38;=
3CFD
D;@FDA;63>
E7C:363B
H3=EF
?7>3>F;
#/$#3
Gambar 6.29 
#;=3
E793@93@
B363
F<F@9F<F@9
C3@9=3;3@
?3=D;?F?
@;>3;
3CFD
Diagram fasor arus I dan
tegangan V. Tegangan
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
3=3@
?;@;?F?




+743>;=@J3
<;=3
E793@93@
47C@;>3;
mendahului 90°. ?;@;?F?
3CFD
J3@9
?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
3=3@
?3=D;?F?


%#*

Contoh 6.14


)363
D74F3:
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
67@93@
8C7=F7@D;

!K
6;B3D3@9
;@6F=EAC


D747D3C


!
*3@9=3;3@
;@;
?7@9:3D;>=3@
3CFD
?3=D;?F?


!;EF@9
E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
;@6F=EAC
E7CD74FE
#7#$
;=7E3:F;


8C7=F7@D;






3CFD
?3=D;?F?
%



;@6F=E3@D;
;@6F=EAC




!
,793@93@
?3=D;?F?
63B3E
6;:;EF@9
67@93@
B7CD3?33@
 % 

%


 %
  


 !K 


! 

   

.



154 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

8. Kapasitor pada Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik
)C;@D;B
=79F@33@@J3
D3?3
67@93@
;@6F=EAC
$3B3D;EAC
63>3? a
C
b
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
6;B3D3@9
F@EF=
?7?B7CA>7:
7@7C9;
>;DEC;=
J3@9
>74;:
47D3C
CFD
>;DEC;=
J3@9
?7>3>F;
=3B3D;EAC
J3@9
=3B3D;E3D@J3
D747D3C

D7>3?3
+
3=3@
?7@J7434=3@
=3B3D;EAC
47C;D;
?F3E3@
D747D3C
  + N V = Vmsin
t

63BF@
?F3E3@
J3@9
E7CD;?B3@
63>3?
=3B3D;EAC
#/$#3
 
363>3:

Gambar 6.30


  N Rangkaian kapasitor

6;
?3@3
.



%
D;@
+ N
3C;
=76F3
'34#/##0
9

63@
'34#/##0
9

63B3E
6;B7CA>7:
  +

  
% D;@
+ 
 



+ +
 


D;@
+

%
5AD
+ 

V = Vm sin 
t  
 2
 
%

5AD
+ Vi
i = im sin
t
 
%
5AD
+





%
D;@  

+  N
 
7@93@
?7?7C:3E;=3@
B7@FCF@3@
'34#/##0
9

6;=7E3:F;
43:H3

%

%

&7@FCFE
!F=F?
(:?


?7CFB3=3@
@;>3;
:3?43E3@ Gambar 6.31
Grafik I dan V pada kapasitor
=3B3D;EAC
J3@9
6;D74FE
C73=E3@D;
=3B3D;E;8

D7:;@993
63B3E
6;EF>;D dalam rangkaian AC.

 


3E3F
 
 N

$7E7C3@93@
  
C73=E3@D;
=3B3D;E;8
  
 
=3B3D;E3D
=3B3D;EAC



8C7=F7@D;
DF6FE
C36 D

7@93@
?7@93?3E;
:F4F@93@
'34#/##0
9

63@
'34#/##0
9

6;=7E3:F;
B7C47633@
83D7
3@E3C3
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
J3@9 I


?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
=3B3D;E;8
E7CD74FE
D747D3C
 
7@93@
DF6FE
83D7
3CFD
90°


?7@63:F>F;
363>3:
 C36
63C;
DF6FE
83D7
E793@93@
@63
3=3@
>74;:
?7?3:3?;
<;=3
?7?7C:3E;=3@
9C38;=
E793@93@
D;@FD;A63>
63@
9C38;=
3CFD
D;@FD;A63>
E7C:363B
H3=EF
?7>3>F;
#/$#3 V
 
#;=3
E793@93@
B363
F<F@9F<F@9
C3@9=3;3@
?3=D;?F?
@;>3;
3CFD Gambar 6.32
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
3=3@
?3=D;?F?


%
+743>;=@J3
<;=3
E793@93@ Diagram fasor I dan V pada
47C@;>3;
?3=D;?F?
3CFD
J3@9
?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
3=3@
?;@;?F?



 kapasitor.

Induksi Elektromagnetik 155

 !#$'.

*3@9=3;3@


63@

B363
*3@9=3;3@
CFD
A>3=3>;=
'056-
'34#/##0

1 #0)-#+#0 '#-5#04+ +(#5 6056-



4+0



 *7D;DEAC
  D783D7 

%
D;@

+

 "@6F=EAC
 


$ 
E7CE;@993>



%
D;@
+ 

 

D747D3C

C36


 $3B3D;EAC
 





?7@63:F>F;




%
D;@
+ 

 
D747D3C

C36


!#$'.

?7@993?43C=3@
B7CD3?33@
3CFD
J3@9
?7@93>;C
63>3?

E;3B
C3@9=3;3@
#;=3
DF?47C
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
6;3@993B
D3?3
J3;EF


%
D;@
+
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@63
63B3E
?7@7@EF=3@
E7C>74;:
63:F>F
B7CD3?33@
3CFD
43CF
=7?F6;3@
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@@J3
&;D3>@J3
3CFD
J3@9
?7@93>;C
63>3?
E;3B
C3@9=3;3@
D3?3


%
D;@
+
?3=3
3=3@
6;63B3E
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@
B363
3 C7D;DEAC


%
D;@
+

4

;@6F=EAC


%
D;@
+ 

 
5

=3B3D;EAC


%
D;@
+ 

 
Tantangan
untuk Anda Contoh 6.15
+74F3:
=3B3D;EAC
67@93@





6;B3D3@9
B363
DF?47C
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
Sebuah kapasitor 100  F
dihubungkan dengan sumber 

67@93@
8C7=F7@D;

 !K
,793@93@
?3=D;?F?
%



.
D7B7CE;
B363
93?43C
tegangan bolak-balik. Arus yang

mengalir melalui rangkaian 47C;=FE c  200  F
memenuhi persamaan
I = 4 sin 200t A. Tuliskan
persamaan tegangan
kapasitor itu.

V = Vmsin
t

!;EF@9
3CFD
?3=D;?F?
B363
=3B3D;EAC
E7CD74FE
#7#$


;=7E3:F; 






O

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%



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C36 D


 











C36 D 
 

 

(>7:
=3C7@3
;EF
3CFD
?3=D;?F?@J3
363>3:
%

%  




 

156 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

9. R, L, dan C Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik
R L C
*3@9=3;3@
3CFD
>;DEC;=
4A>3=43>;=
J3@9
?7?;>;=;
:3?43E3@
?FC@;

6;B3D3@9
D7C;
67@93@
;@6F=EAC

D7CE3
=3B3D;EAC

3=3@
?7@9:3D;>=3@
E3?43:3@
7@7C9;
>;DEC;=
J3@9
>74;:
47D3C
E7E3B;
C3@9=3;3@
//
D7C;
;@;
:3@J3
63B3E
6;9F@3=3@
F@EF=
?7?B7C47D3C
63J3
>;DEC;=
J3@9
E7C43E3D I = Im sin

t 
CFD
?3=D;?F?
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
?7?;>;=;
@;>3;
63@
83D7
J3@9
D3?3
B363 v

D7E;3B
=A?BA@7@
%74;:
<7>3D
63B3E
@63
B7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3
 

#;=3
@63
E7E3B=3@
B7CD3?33@
3CFD
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
D747D3C Gambar 6.33


%
D;@

+  
B7CD3?33@
D7E;3B
E793@93@
67@93@
?7?7C:3E;=3@
6;39C3? Resonansi rangkaian
R–L–C seri
83DAC
B363
#/$#3


J3;EF


?
D;@
+
?7?;>;=;
83D7
J3@9
D3?3
67@93@
3CFD





?
D;@

+ 






?7@63:F>F;
83D7

D747D3C
 C36 VL
V

D;@

+   E7CE;@993>
83D7

D747D3C
 C36





?
 VL – VC
)7C:3E;=3@
C3@9=3;3@
//
D7C;
B363
#/$#3


+7E;3B
=A?BA@7@  i
?7?;>;=;
E793@93@


63@

+753C3
83DAC
E793@93@E793@93@
;@;
VR
63B3E
6;<F?>3:=3@
D74393;
47C;=FE VC
Gambar 6.34
"  "  "  " N
 Diagram fasor V, VR, VL, dan VC.

(>7:
=3C7@3
" 
" 
63@
"
D3>;@9
E793=
>FCFD
:3C93

63B3E
6;
E7@EF=3@
67@93@
?7@99F@3=3@
:;EF@9
G7=EAC
J3;EF
 

  
    N
X
67@93@
?7?7C:3E;=3@
=7?43>;
#/$#3


:3?43E3@
EAE3>
C3@9=3;3@ L Z
D7C;
NN
J3@9
6;D74FE
67@93@
;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
.
63B3E
6;:;EF@9 X –X
L C

63C;
'34#/##0
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  R
X
C


   
     N3 Gambar 6.35
Diagram fasor Z, R, XL, dan XC.
3E3F

   
  
 N4



(>7:
=3C7@3
3CFD
?3=D;?F?
J3@9
?7@93>;C
6;
D7E;3B
=A?BA@7@
D3?3
47D3C@J3
:F4F@93@
3@E3C3
E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
63@
3CFD
?3=D;?F?
;@;
?7?7@F:;
B7CD3?33@



2
J3;EF

    
     N 
$7E7C3@93@
% 
E793@93@
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C3@9=3;3@
 

N


C73=E3@D;
EAE3>

Induksi Elektromagnetik 157

 763
83D7
3@E3C3
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
63B3E
6;E7@EF=3@
D74393;
47C;=FE
       
E3@    N
 

D7:;@993
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@@J3
363>3:
    % D;@

+    
B34;>3



DF6FE
83D7

47C@;>3;
BAD;E;8
CE;@J3
E793@93@
?7@63:F>F;
3CFD
63@
C3@9=3;3@
47CD;83E
;@6F=E;8
#;=3


DF6FE
83D7

47C@;>3;
@793E;8
CE;@J3
E793@93@
E7CE;@993>
A>7:
3CFD
63@
C3@9=3;3@
47CD;83E
=3B3D;E;8
#;=3



6;B7CA>7:




63@



CE;@J3
E793@93@
?7?;>;=;
83D7
D3?3
D763@9=3@
C3@9=3;3@
47CD;83E
C7D;DE;8
3>3?
:3>
;@;
6;=3E3=3@
E7>3:
E7C<36;
C7DA@3@D;

a R L b
10. R dan L Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik
)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3
 
+7E;3B
=A?BA@7@
?7?;>;=;
E793@93@

63@

+753C3
83DAC
E793@93@E793@93@
;@;
63B3E
6;<F?>3:=3@
D74393;
I = Imsin
t "

"

"
7@93@
?7@99F@3=3@
:;EF@93@
G7=EAC
47D3C@J3
E793@93@
V EAE3>
J3;EF
     N
Gambar 6.36
Rangkaian R dan L dipasang seri 7D3C@J3
;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
*N%
6;B7CA>7:
D7B7CE;
47C;=FE
 
VL
Vab   
 

  

  

       N

) 3E3F
VR I
   


 

N
Gambar 6.37
Diagram fasor VL dan VR 763
83D7
3@E3C3
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
63B3E
6;E7@EF=3@
D74393;
47C;=FE
XL Z
  
E3@    N
 
)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3
 
E3?B3=
43:H3
E793@93@
?7@63:F>F;
3CFD
) D747D3C

C36
D7:;@993
<;=3


%
D;@
+
?3=3


%
D;@

+    
R
Gambar 6.38
Diagram fasor VL dan VR Contoh 6.16
V/i +74F3:
C7D;DEAC





6;B3D3@9
D7C;
67@93@
;@6F=EAC




B363
E793@93@
Vab 4A>3=43>;=


.
3 !;EF@9
;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
83D7
C3@9=3;3@
=F3E
3CFD
63@

Iab
4 ,7@EF=3@
83D7


63@

E7C:363B
=F3E
3CFD
"
t #7#$
;=7E3:F; I R = 30  X = 40 
L

Gambar 6.39 C7D;DEAC
?FC@;



 
V V
Grafik tegangan mendahului arus C73=E3@D;
;@6F=EAC




  R L

dengan beda fase 0<  <90°. E793@93@
DF?47C




.
V = Vmsin
t

158 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

3 "?B763@D;

6;:;EF@9
?7>3>F;
'34#/##0
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2 






 



 




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6;:;EF@9
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,793@93@
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4 
D783D7
67@93@
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3CFD

 






?7@63:F>F;

D747D3C
C36
 


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?7@63:F>F;

 

M

Contoh 6.17
3>3?
C3@9=3;3@
D7C;
6;B3D3@9
C7D;DEAC
?FC@;





63@
D74F3:
;@6F=EAC




!
B363
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
67@93@
B7CD3?33@




D;@


+
.
,F>;D=3@
B7CD3?33@
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63>3?
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+
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M
C36

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363>3:


%
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+
  




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+
N



11. R dan C Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik R C

)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3


*7D;DEAC

63@
=3B3D;EAC

6;B3D3@9
D7C; a b

63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
;
3@E3C3
E;E;=

63@

E7C63B3E

E793@93@
EAE3>
J3@9
47D3C@J3
D3?3
67@93@
<F?>3:
E793@93@
C7D;DEAC
 I = Imsin
t
63@
E793@93@
=3B3D;EAC

+753C3
G7=EAC
47D3C
E793@93@
EAE3>
E7CD74FE V
363>3:
       N Gambar 6.40
Rangkaian seri R-C dalam
7D3C@J3
;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
N
63B3E
6;:;EF@9
D7B7CE;
47C;=FE rangkaian arus AC.

 
  
 

  

  

      N



3E3F    


  N

Induksi Elektromagnetik 159

  V I
763
83D7
E793@93@
63@
=F3E
3CFD
63B3E
6;E7@EF=3@
D74393;
47C;=FE
R ab

  
E3@  
 N
 

V V )363
#/$#3


E3?B3=
43:H3
E793@93@
E7C>3?43E
D747D3C
 C36
63C;
3CFD
+753C3
?3E7?3E;D
63B3E
6;D;?BF>=3@
<;=3


%
D;@
+


%
ab
C
Gambar 6.41
Diagram fasor tegangan D;@
+
N
 
Vab terhadap Vc.
Contoh 6.18
R
 3>3?
D74F3:
C3@9=3;3@




6;B3D3@9
D7C;
67@93@




63@
6;


:F4F@9=3@
=7
DF?47C
E793@93@
4A>3=43>;=
J3@9
8C7=F7@D;@J3

!K
!;EF@9>3:


;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
E7CD74FE
C  250  F
Z
X
C R  30
Gambar 6.42
Diagram fasor vektor I
hambatan R terhadap Xc. V = Vmsin
t

V/i
#7#$
i
V ;=7E3:F;  


 
ab

t
 




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Gambar 6.43  

Grafik tegangan Vab terhadap arus

 


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C36 D


 
  











C36 D 
 

 
"?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@

63B3E
6;:;EF@9
67@93@
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J3;EF
 














Contoh 6.19
*3@9=3;3@
D7C;

N

67@93@
C7D;DEAC


63@
C73=E3@D;
=3B3D;E;8






6;:F4F@9=3@
=7
DF?47C
E793@93@


.
67@93@
8C7=F7@D;
!K
!;EF@9>3:


3 ;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
4 3CFD
J3@9
?7@93>;C
C  60  F
5 =3B3D;E3D
=3B3D;EAC
6 4763
E793@93@
3@E3C3
F<F@9F<F@9
R = 80 
:3?43E3@
63@
=3B3D;EAC
I
7 DF6FE
83D7
C3@9=3;3@
V = Vmsin
t
8 B7CD3?33@
3CFD
<;=3
B7CD3?33@
E793@93@


%
D;@
+
#7#$
;=7E3:F;  


  


.


  

 
!K

160 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

3 "?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@
6;:;EF@9
67@93@
?7@99F@3=3@
'34#/##0
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4 CFD
E7CF=FC
J3@9
?7>3>F;
C3@9=3;3@
 
363>3:
 

.









 


5 $3B3D;E3D
=3B3D;EAC

 




 


 


  
 

  


  


 


6 ,793@93@
:3?43E3@

63@
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=3B3D;EAC








 



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.
7 +F6FE
83D7
C3@9=3;3@
 
   


E3@
 
 
 

 








 
N M
8 -@EF=
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E793@93@


%
D;@
+
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%
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+

 

  D;@

+

 

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+
N
M

12. L dan C Dipasang Seri dalam Rangkaian Arus Bolak-Balik L C

a
;=7E3:F;
D74F3:
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=43>;=
6;B3D3@9
D74F3: b

;@6F=EAC

63@
D74F3:
=3B3D;EAC
J3@9
47C=3B3D;E3D

$7?F6;3@

=76F3@J3
6;:F4F@9=3@
D753C3
D7C;
D7B7CE;
#/$#3



?3=3
3=3@ I = Imsin

t

E;?4F>
B7C47633@
83D7
3@E3C3
E793@93@
;@6F=EAC

63@
E793@93@
=3B3D;EAC

D747D3C

C36
3E3F

M
-@EF=
?7?B7C?F63:
B7?3:3?3@
4763
83D7
63>3?
B7CD3?33@
Gambar 6.44
E793@93@
6;E7E3B=3@
B7CD3?33@
=F3E
3CFD
J3@9
?7@93>;C
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@ Rangkaian seri L dan C
363>3:


%
D;@
+
&7>3>F;
#/$#3


E7C4353
43:H3

?7@63:F>F;
3CFD
D747D3C

C36
63@

E7CE;@993>
E7C:363B

D747D3C

C36
D7:;@993 V
 
L

D7E;3B
E793@93@
3=3@
?7?;>;=;
B7CD3?33@
D74393;
47C;=FE

V



%
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+ 





D763@9=3@


%
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I
)7C:3E;=3@
=7?43>;
6;39C3?
83DAC
B363
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G7=EAC
63B3E
6;<F?>3:=3@
D74393;
47C;=FE



N
 N 
V
#36;
E793@93@
EAE3>
C3@9=3;3@



47C93@EF@9
B363
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3@E3C3

C

Gambar 6.45
63@
 Diagram fasor I, VL, dan VC

Induksi Elektromagnetik 161

 -@EF=
:3C93
E793@93@
?3=D;?F?
47D3C@J3
363>3:
%

%
N
%
D7:;@993
3=3@
6;B7CA>7:
:3C93
:3?43E3@
EAE3>
D747D3C
%

%
N
%

%



%
N

%
D7:;@993



N
 N
C3:
83DAC

?7CFB3=3@
4763
DF6FE
83D7
3@E3C3
=F3E
3CFD

63@
E793@93@

D747D3C
 
#;=3



?3=3




M
63@
C3@9=3;3@
47CD;83E
;@6F=E;8
#;=3



?3=3


N
M
63@
C3@9=3;3@
47CD;83E
=3B3D;E;8
#;=3



?3=3




B363
=3DFD
;@;
E7C<36;
B7C;DE;H3
C7DA@3@D;

13. Resonansi pada Rangkaian R–L–C

*7DA@3@D;
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
D7C;


63@

E7C<36;
=7E;=3



R/Z $73633@
;@;
?7@J7434=3@
;?B763@D;
C3@9=3;3@

?7?;>;=;
:3C93
?;@;
?F?
J3@9
47C@;>3;
D3?3
67@93@
:3?43E3@
?FC@;

63BF@
3CFD
63>3?
Z
C3@9=3;3@
?7@<36;
?3=D;?F?
3C;D
D;@99F@9
3@E3C3
=FCG3

63@
93C;D
>;@73C

?7CFB3=3@
E;E;=
E7C<36;@J3
8C7=F7@D;
C7DA@3@D;
;
E;E;=
E7CD74FE
47D3C3@

47C@;>3;
?;@;?F?
)7C:3E;=3@
#/$#3


D33E
E7C<36;@J3
C7DA@3@D;

     
)    
) )  
R
)  
f ?3=3
f
r

)   N
Gambar 6.46 
Grafik kurva impedansi Z dan
grafik linear R. (>7:
=3C7@3

)  
) 
6;B7CA>7:
8C7=F7@D;
C7DA@3@D;

 
)  N


*3@9=3;3@
C7DA@3@D;
63B3E
6;<F?B3;
B363
C3@9=3;3@
B7@3>3
53C3@J3
67@93@
?7@9F43:F43:
8C7=F7@D;
?7>3>F;
=A@67@D3EAC
G3C;347>
#;=3
8C7=F7@D;@J3
D7DF3;
8C7=F7@D;
97>A?43@9
C36;A
3=3@
6;E3@9=3B
I
14. Daya pada Arus Listrik Bolak-Balik
I "@6F=EAC
63@
=3B3D;EAC
J3@9
E7CB3D3@9
B363
C3@9=3;3@
3CFD
4A>3=
43>;=
?7?4FEF:=3@
E3?43:3@
7@7C9;
>;DEC;=
3J3
J3@9
6;D7C3B
63>3?
m

C3@9=3;3@
C7D;DE;8

47D3C@J3
363>3:

     N

63@
63>3?
C3@9=3;3@
//
D7C;
363>3:

Gambar 6.47
Ketika frekuensi resonansi 
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162 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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Induksi Elektromagnetik 163

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164 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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Induksi Elektromagnetik 165

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Refleksi
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda tentu dapat Penala pada radio merupakan pemanfaatan
memahami konsep induksi elektromagnetik yang dapat rangkaian impedansi. Coba Anda cari manfaat atau
menghasilkan arus induksi dan ggl induksi. Anda juga aplikasi konsep Fisika yang ada pada bab ini dan coba
tentu memahami rangkaian impedansi dalam arus bolak- Anda diskusikan cara kerjanya bersama teman Anda.
balik. Dari keseluruhan materi pada bab ini, bagian mana
yang menurut Anda sulit dipahami? Coba Anda
diskusikan bersama teman atau guru Fisika Anda.

166 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII

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