TUGAS RUTIN 12 SOAL AKHIR

Kelompok 4:

- Dinda Pratiwi (4193121041)

- Fazri Imran (4193121025)
- Khairiah Sari Sitorus (4193321025)
- Lis Asmara (4192421016)
- Rizka Isnaini Putri Andayuni (4191121022)

1. Sebuah motor yang memiliki masa sejumlah 1800 kg ditopang oleh 4 buah pegas dimana
memiliki tetapan gaya yaitu 18.000 N/m. Ketika motor yang ditumpangi oleh 3 orang
total berat massanya ialah 200 kg melewati sebuah lubang yang berada ditengah jalan,
tentukan nilai :

 Frekuensi getaran pegas mobil ?

 Waktu yang diperlukan untuk menempuh dua getaran ?

Penyelesaian:

Diketahui :

- Massa motor = 1.800 kg

- Massa penumpang = 200 kg
- Konstanta = 18.000 kg

Ditanya:

- f?
- T (untuk dua getaran) ?

Jawaban:

Massa motor + penumpang = 1.800 kg + 200 kg = 2.000 kg

Anggap saja berat total motor merata pada keempat pegas, sehingga tiap pegas mendukung
beban :

2000
m= = 500 kg
4

- Frekuensi geataran pegas motor dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :

 1 k
f=
2π m √ dengan k = 18.000 N/m
1 18000 N /m 1 6 3

-
=
2π √ 500 kg
=
2 π
√36 =
2 π
= Hz
π
Selang waktu 1 getaran sama dengan periode T, yakni :
1
1 π
T = f = Hz = 3 s
3
π
Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pegas menempuh dua getaran yaitu :
t = 2T
π 2π
= 2 . 3 = 3 sekon

2. Sebuah pegas memiliki konstanta pegas 200 N/m diletakkan mendatar pada permukaan
yang licin. Pada ujung pegas diberi massa 4 kg. Pegas diregangkan 5 cm kemudian
dilepas. Ditanya:
a. Bagaimanakah posisi massa setiap saat?
b. Berapa frekuensi osliasi pegas?
c. Berapa amplitudo osilasi?
d. Selama 3 detik berapa osilasi yang telah dikerjakan massa?

Penyelesaian:

Diketahui :

k = 200 N/m

m = 4 kg

∆x = 5 cm

Jawab:

a. Dari informasi di atas maka kita bisa mengetahui amplitudi osilasi adalah 5 cm
k
= 200 = 7,1 rad/det
ω=
√ √
m 4
Frekuensi sudut osilasi adalah 7,1 rad/detik. Hati-hati dengan satuan. Satuan sudut
tidak dalam derajat tetapi dalam radian.
ω
b. Frekuesni osilasi pegas f = = (7,1 / 2p) = 1,1 Hz
2p
c. Keadaan awal pegas adalah diregangkan, maka fungsi posisi adalah fungsi cosinus.
Posisi pegas setiap saat adalah x = 0,05 cos (7,1) m
 1
d. Periode osilasi adalah T = = 0,9 detik maka selama 3 detik massa melakukan osilasi
f
sebanyak 3/0,9 = 3,3 osilasi.

d2 x dx dx
=−3 , pada t=0
3. Selesaikan persamaan + 2 +5 x=0 , x=5
dt 2 dt dt
Solusi :
Persamaan umum :
d2 x dx
m 2 +kx + β =0
dt dt
Solusi :
a. x=e− yt ( A e at + B e−at )
b. x=e− yt ¿
c. x=e− yt ¿
Dari soal diperoleh :
β=2 , k =5 ,m=1
k
ω 2= =5 → ω ≈ 2,3
m
β
=2 γ → γ =1
m
λ=√ ω2−γ 2=√ √52 −12=∓2
γ 2 <ω2 dan β 2< 4 km
Maka :
x=e−t ¿

4. Sebuah benda bermassa 0,2kg, digantungkan pada ujung pegasyang mempunyai

konstanta pegas 12 (N/cm). Benda tersebut ditarik ke bawah sejauh 6 cm. Tentukan besar
frekuensi, perioda dan kelajuan maksimum?
Penyelesaian :
1 k
Besar frekuensi ( f ) =
2π m√= 1,23 Hz
1
Besar perioda (T )=
f
¿ 0,08 s
k
Kelajuan maksimum= A
√ m
= 4,6 m/s
5. When a family of four with a total mass of 200 kg step into their 1200 kg car, the car’s
springs compress 3.0 cm.
(a) What is the spring constant of the car’s springs, assuming they act as a single spring?
(b) How far will the car lower if loaded with 300 kg rather than 200 kg?
Penyelesaian :
Used Hooke’s Law. The extra force equal to the weight of the people, mg, causes a 3.0
cm displacement.
a) The added force of (200 kg)(9.8 m/s 2) = 1.960 N causes the springs to compress 3.0
×10−2 m. Therefore, the spring constant is
F 1.960 N
k= = = 6.5 ×10 4 N/m.
x 3.0× 10−2 m

b) If the car is loaded with 300 kg, Hooke’s law gives

m2
F ( 300 kg ) (9.8 )
x= = s = 4.5 ×10−2 m or 4.5 cm
k
6.5 ×10 4 N /m

6. Both (b) and (d) represent simple harmonic oscillators because they give the force as
minus a constant times a displacement. The displacement need not be x, but the minus
sign is required to restore the system to equilibrium, which is why (c) is not a SHO.
Penyelesaian :
Both (b) and (d) represent simple harmonic oscillators because they give the force as
minus a constant times a displacement. The displacement need not be x, but the minus
sign is required to restore the system to equilibrium, which is why (c) is not a SHO.

7. A spider of mass 0,30 g waits in its web of negligible mass. A sight movement causes the
web to vibrate with a frequency of about 15 Hz.
(a) Estimate the value of the spring stiffness constant k for the web.
(b) At what frequency would you expect the web to vibrate if an insect of mass 0,10 g
were trapped in addition to the spider?
Penyelesaian :
Make a rough estimate because a spider’s web is fairly complicated and may vibrate with
a mixture of a frequencies. Used SHM as an approximate model.
a) The frequency of SHM is given by
1 k
f=
2π m√
Solved for k :
k =(2 πf )2 m
= (6.28 ×15 s−1)2 (3.0 ×10−4 kg ) = 2.7 N/m
 b) The total mass is now 0.10 g + 0.30 g = 4.0 ×10−4 kg . Then substitute m = 4.0 ×10−4
kg. Instead, noticed that the frequency decreases with the square root of the mass.
4
Since the new mass is times the first mass, the frequency changes by a factor of
3
4 3 3
1
√ √
3
=
4 4√
. Thus (15 Hz) ( )=¿13 Hz.

8. Starting with x = A cos ωt. The displacement of an object is described by the following
equation, where x is in meters and t is in seconds.
x = (0,30 m) cos(8,0 t)
Determine the oscillating object’s (a) amplitude, (b) frequency, (c) period, (d) maximum
speed and (e) maximum acceleration.
Penyelesaian :
1. Started by comparing the given equation for x
From x= A cos ( 2 πf ) , seen by inspection that (a) the amplitude A = 0.30 m and (b) 2 πf =
8.0 s−1 1
8.0 s-1 , so ; f = ( ) = 1.27 Hz. (c) Then T = = 0.79 s. (d) The maximum speed is :
2π f
vmax = 2 πAf = (2 π ¿ (0.30 m) (1.27 s-1) = 2.4 m/s.
(e) The maximum acceleration, by Newton’s second las, is
F kA
amax = max = ,
m m
k
because F = (kx) is greatest when x is greatest. see that = (2 πf )2. Hence
m
F kA
amax = max = =(2 πf )2 A = (2 π ¿ ¿2 (1.27 s-1)2 (0.30 m) = 19 m/s2
m m

9. A geologist uses a simple pendulum that has a length of 37.10 cm and a frequency of
0.8190 Hz at a particular location on the Earth. What is the acceleration of gravity at this
location?
Penyelesaian :
1 g
We can us the length L and frequency f of the pendulum in eq. f =

contains our unknown g.

√
2π L
, which

We solve eq. above for g and obtain

g=(2 πf )2 L=¿

10. The cone of a loudspeaker vibrates in SHM at a frequency of 262 Hz (“middle C”). The
amplitude at the center of the cone is A = 1.5 × 10-4m, and at t = 0. X = A.
(a) What equation describes the motion of the center of the cone?
(b) What are the velocity and acceleration as a funcion of time?
 (c) What is the position of the cone at t = 1.00 ms (=1.00 × 10-3s)?
Penyelesaian :
the motion begins (t=0) with the cone at its maximum displacement (x=A at t=0). so we
use the cosine function, x=A cos ωt, to describe this SHM
(a) here
rad
ω=2 πf =( 6,28 rad ) ( 262 s−1) =1650
s
The motion is described as
x= A cos ( 2 πft )=1,5 ×10−4 m¿ cos ⁡(1650 t )
(b) the maximum velocity is
v max=2 πAf =2 π ( 1,5 ×10−4 m )( 262 s−1 ) =0,25 m/s
0,25 m
v=− ( s )
sin ( 1650t )

The maximum acceleration is a max= ( mk ) A=¿, which is more than 40 g’s. So

a=−
( 410s m )cos ⁡(1650 t)
2

(c) at t=1.00 ×10−3 s, gives us

x= A cos ωt=( 1,5 ×10−4 m) cos ⁡[(1650 rad / s) ( 1.00× 10−3 s ) ]
¿ ( 1,5 ×10−4 m ) cos (1.65 rad ) =−1.2× 10−5 m

11. Figure 15-10a shows a thin rod whose length L is 12.4 cm and whose mass m is 135 g,
suspended at its midpoint from a long wire. Its period Ta of angular SHM is measured to
be 2.53 s. An irregularly shaped object, which we call object X, is then hung from the
same wire, as in Fig. 15-10b, and its period Tb is found to be 4.76 s. What is the
rotational inertia of object X about its suspension axis?

KEY IDEA
The rotational inertia of either the rod or object X is related to the measured period by Eq.
15-23.
Calculations: In Table 10-2e, the rotational inertia of a thin rod about a perpendicular axis
1
through its midpoint is given as mL2 .Thus, we have, for the rod in Fig. 15-10a,
12
1
Ia mL2 = ( ) (0.135 kg) (0.124 m)2
12
= 1.73 × 10-4 kg. m2

Now let us write Eq. 15-23 twice, once for the rod and once for object X:
 Ia Ib
Ta = 2π
√ k
and Tb = 2π
√ k

The constant k, which is a property of the wire, is the same for both figures; only the
periods and the rotational inertias differ.
Let us square each of these equations, divide the second by the first, and solve the
resulting equation for Ib.The result is

T 2b
Ib = Ia 2 = (1.73 × 10-4 kg. m2) ¿ ¿
Ta

= 6.12 × 10-4 kg. m2 (Answer)

Figure 15-10 Two torsion pendulums, consisting of (a) a wire and

a rod and (b) the same wire and an irregularly shaped object.

12. For the damped oscillator of Fig. 15-16, m = 250 g, k = 85 N/m, and b = 70 g/s.
(a) What is the period of the motion?

KEY IDEA
Because b ≪ √ km=¿4.6 kg/s, the period is approximately that of the undamped
oscillator.

Calculation: From Eq. 15-13, we then have

m 0.25 kg
T = 2π
√
k
= 2π
√
85 N /m
(Answer)

(b) How long does it take for the amplitude of the damped oscillations to drop to half its
initial value?
KEY IDEA
The amplitude at time t is displayed in Eq. 15-42 as xm e-bt/2m.

Calculations: The amplitude has the value xm at t = 0.Thus, we must find the value of t for
which
Xm e-bt/2m = xm.

Canceling xm and taking the natural logarithm of the equation that remains, we have ln
1
on the right side and
2
ln(e-bt/2m) = - bt/2m

on the left side.Thus,

1
−2 mln
t= 2 = −( 2 ) (0.25 kg)¿ ¿
b
= 5.0 s. (Answer)

Because T = 0.34 s, this is about 15 periods of oscillation.

(c) How long does it take for the mechanical energy to drop to one-half its initial value?

KEY IDEA
1 2 -bt/m
From Eq. 15-44, the mechanical energy at time t is kx e .
2 m

1 2
Calculations: The mechanical energy has the value kx at t = 0.Thus, we must find the
2 m
value of t for which.
1 1
k x 2m e-bt/m = ¿ k x 2m ¿.
2 2

1
If we divide both sides of this equation by kx 2m and solve for t as we did above, we find
2
1
−m ln
t= 2 = −( 0.25 kg ) ¿ ¿ (Answer)
b
This is exactly half the time we calculated in (b), or about 7.5 periods of oscillation.
Figure 15-17 was drawn to illustrate this sample problem.