A.

Berdasarkan basis umpan bahan masuk reaktor

Kapasitas Produksi 145000 Ton/tahun

Kemurnian NaHCO3 99.99 %
Reaktor
Konversi Na2CO3 98 % CSTR
Na2CO3
Kelarutan Na2CO3 30.7 g Na2CO3 H2O
100 g H2O CO2
udara excess 20 %
Kandungan air pada cake
sebelum masuk rotary dryer 7%

Kandungan air recycle 93 %

Basis kmol 100 kmol 10599 Kg
kmol CO2
120 kmol
NaHCO3 recycle 1%

Reaksi :
Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 2NaHCO3

NaHCO3 yang dihasilkan reaktor :

144985.50 Ton/tahun

1 Tahun = 330 hari

1 Hari = 24 Jam
1 Ton = 1000 Kg
Konversi NaHCO3 yang dihasilkan rekator :
18306.25 Kg/Jam

1.Neraca Massa di Reaktor

Input
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F3 F4
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 100.0000 10599.00
H2O 18.016 100.0000 34524.4300
CO2 44.01 120.0000 5281.2
NaHCO3 84.008
Total Masing-masing Feed 200.0000 45123.43 120.0000 5281.2000
Total 50404.6300

2. Neraca Massa di Reaktor setelah ada aliran recycle

Input
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F3 F4
 Senyawa BM (Kg/mol)
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 100.0000 10599.0000
H2O 18.016 1916.3205 34524.43
CO2 44.01 120.0000 5281.2000
NaHCO3 (s) 84.008 24.0678932 2021.8956
Total Masing-masing Feed 2040.3884 47145.33 120.0000 5281.2000
Total 52426.5255

2. Neraca Massa di Knock Out Drum

Input Output
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F5 F6
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 2.0000 211.9800
H2O 18.016 1818.3205 32758.86
CO2 44.01 22.0000 968.2200 22.0000 968.2200
NaHCO3 84.008 220.0679 18487.46
Total Masing-masing Feed 2062.3884 52426.53 22.0000 968.2200
Total 52426.5255 52426.5255

3. Neraca Massa di Rotary Drum Vaccum Filter

Input Output
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F7 F8
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 2.0000 211.9800 2.0000 211.9800
H2O 18.016 1818.3205 32758.86 1727.4045 31120.9189
CO2 44.01
NaHCO3 (s) 84.008 220.067893 18487.46 2.1789 183.04
Total Masing-masing Feed 2040.3884 51458.31 1731.5834 31515.9431
Total 51458.3055 51458.3055

4. Neraca Massa di Ball Mill

Input Output
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F11 F12
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99
H2O 18.016 0.102 1.831 0.102 1.831
CO2 44.01
NaHCO3 84.008 217.889 18304.419 217.889 18304.419
 Total Masing-masing Feed 217.9906 18306.25 217.9906 18306.2500
Total 18306.2500 18306.2500

5. Neraca Massa di Rotary Dryer

Input Output
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F9 F10
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99
H2O 18.016 71.1206 1281.3094 12.0890 1279.4787
CO2 44.01
NaHCO3 84.008 217.8890 18304.42
Total Masing-masing Feed 289.0096 19585.73 12.0890 1279.4787
Total 19585.7287 19585.7287

5. Neraca Massa di Tangki Pencampuran

Input
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F1 F2
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 98.0000 10387.02
H2O 18.016 11.7662 211.9800 177.1498 3191.5311
CO2 44.01
NaHCO3 84.008
Total Masing-masing Feed 109.7662 10599.00 177.1498 3191.5311
Total 47145.33

6. Neraca Massa TOTAL

Input
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) F1 F2
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
Na2CO3 105.99 98.0000 10387.02
H2O 18.016 11.7662 211.9800 177.1498 3191.5311
CO2 44.01
NaHCO3 (s) 84.008
Total Masing-masing Feed 109.7662 10599.00 177.1498 3191.5311
Total 19585.7287
Reaktor
CSTR Na2CO3
H2O
NaHCO3

Output
Bereaksi
F5
Kmol massa (Kg) mol massa (Kg)
98.0000 10387.02 2.0000 211.9800
98.0000 1765.5680 1818.3205 32758.86
98.0000 4312.9800 22.0000 968.2200
196.0000 16465.57
2038.3205 50404.63
50404.6300

Output
F5
 Kmol massa (Kg)
2.0000 211.9800
1818.3205 32758.86
22.0000 968.2200
220.0679 18487.46
2062.3884 52426.53
52426.5255

Output
F7
Kmol massa (Kg)
2.0000 211.9800
1818.3205 32758.86

220.0679 18487.46
2040.3884 51458.31
52426.5255

Output
F9
Kmol massa (Kg)

90.9160 1637.9431

217.8890 18304.42
308.8050 19942.36
51458.3055
 Output
F11
Kmol massa (Kg)

0.102 1.8306

217.889 18304.42
217.991 18306.25
19585.7287

Output
F8 F3
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
2.000 211.9800 100.000 10599.00
1727.4045 31120.92 1916.320 34524.43

24.0679 2021.8956 24.068 2021.8956

1753.4724 33354.79 2040.388 47145.33
33 47145.33

Output
F4 F10 F12
Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg) Kmol massa (Kg)
0.0000
71.0190 1279.4787 0.1016 1.8306 1281.3094
120.0000 5281.2000 3403.5111
217.8890 18304.4194
120.0000 5281.2000 71.0190 1279.4787 217.9906 18306.2500
287 19585.7287
1. Neraca Massa Pada Reaktor 3. Neraca Massa di Rotary Drum Vacum Filter
a. Komposisi F3
Na2CO3 0.2248 b. Komposisi F8
H2O 0.7323 Na2CO3 0.00672612
NaHCO3 0.0428864484 H2O 0.9875
1.0000 NaHCO3 (s) 0.0058
b. Komposisi F4 1.0000
CO2 0.0227221086
0.0227221086 c. Komposisi F9
c. Komposisi F5 H2O 0.0821
Na2CO3 0.0042 NaHCO3 (s) 0.91786615
H2O 0.6499 1.0000
CO2 0.0192
NaHCO3 0.3267 4. Neraca Massa di Ball Mill
1.0000 a. Komposisi F11
2. Neraca Massa Pada Separator H2O 0.0001
a. Komposisi F7 NaHCO3 (s) 0.9999
Na2CO3 0.0041 1
H2O 0.6366
NaHCO3 0.3593 b. Komposisi F12
1 H2O 0.0001
NaHCO3 (s) 0.9999
c. Komposisi F6 1
CO2 1
1 5. Neraca Massa di Rotary Dryer
c. komposisi F10
H2O 1

6. Neraca Massa di Tanki pelarutan

a. komposisi F1
Na2CO3 0.98
H2O 0.02
1

b. komposisi F2
H2O 1
 NERACA PANAS
Basis Waktu: 1 Jam
Temperature Reference : 25 oC
298 K

1. Data konstanta
Komponen A B C D
Na2CO3 0.121
H2O 0.0754
CO2 0.03611 4.233E-05 -2.887E-08 7.464E-12
NaHCO3 5.128 0.018148

2. SOLUTION TANK
Tin 25 oC 298 K
Tout 30 oC 303 K
Tref 25 oC 298 K

ΔHr1 -45259.3 Kj/kmol

ΔHr2 -17.16588 Kj/kmol

Qs = Kmol Na2CO3 X ΔHr1

Qs = -4435411.4 Kj/jam

Qs = Kmol NaHCO3 X ΔHr2

Qs = -413.146565871039 Kj/jam

ΔH F1
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
Na2CO3 105.99 98 10387.02 0
H2O 18.016 11.766207815 211.98 0
TOTAL 10599.00 0

ΔH F2
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
H2O 18.016 177.14981674 3191.531098 0
TOTAL 3191.53 0
 ΔH F3
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
Na2CO3 105.99 100 10599.00 0.605
H2O 18.016 1916.3204911 34524.43 0.377
NaHCO3 84.008 24.067893162 2021.895569 52.90737
TOTAL 45123.43 53.88937

ΔH F8
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
Na2CO3 105.99 2 211.98 0
H2O 18.016 1727.4044665 31120.92 0
NaHCO3 84.008 24.067893162 2021.895569 0
TOTAL 31332.90 0

Jumlah panas yang dibutuhkan = QF3 - (QF1+QF2+QF8) + QS1+QS2

= 4436607.499

Q (Kj/Jam)
Q (Kj/Jam)
Input Output
Q F1 0.0000
Q F2 0.0000
Q F3 782.9528
Q F8 0.0000
Q S1 -4435411.4000
QS2 -413.1466
Qpemanas 4436607.4994
Total 782.9528 782.9528

3. HEATER SEBELUM REAKTOR

ouput keluaran dari heater merupakan data reaktan dari F3

ΔH 1 ΔH 2
HEATER

TRef 25 oC 298 K
Tin 30 oC 303 K
Toutput 40 oC 313 K

ΔH 1
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
 Na2CO3 105.99 100 10599.00 0.605
H2O 18.016 1916.3204911 34524.43 0.377
NaHCO3 84.008 24.067893162 2021.90 52.90737
TOTAL 45123.43 53.88937

ΔH 2
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
Na2CO3 105.99 100 10599.00 1.815
H2O 18.016 1916.3204911 34524.43 1.131
NaHCO3 84.008 24.067893162 2021.90 160.08321
TOTAL 45123.43 2.946

Perthitungan kebutuhan steam pada heater:

Qsteam 4145.40231694314
Tin 100 oC 373 K
Toutput 100 oC 373 K
Hv 2676
Hl 419.1

Q= m steam (Hv-Hl)
m steam = 1.83676827371312 Kg

4. REAKTOR CSTR
Tin 40 oC 313 K
Tin (CO2) 25 oC 298 K
Tref 25 C o
298 K
Tout 40 oC 313 K

Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol

Na2CO3 105.99 98 10387.02 -1.815
H2O 18.016 98 1765.57 -1.131
TOTAL 12152.59 -2.946
Reaktan
16465.57
Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
CO2 44.01 98 4312.98 0
TOTAL 4312.98 0
 Komponen BM Kmol Massa Kj/Kmol
Produk
NaHCO3 84.008 220.06789316 18487.46 160.08321
TOTAL 18487.46 160.08321

Perhitungan ΔH reaksi

Komponen ΔHf (Kj/mol) Kmol

Input Bereaksi sisa
Na2CO3 -1130.9 100 98 2
H2O -285.82 100 98 1818.32049
NaHCO3 Produk -945.6 120 - 196
CO2 -393.5 - 98 22
TOTAL
ΔHr298 (Kj)
Panas Reaksi

5. PENDINGIN PADA REAKTOR

T in 45 318 K
T out 25 298 K
T Ref 25 298 K

Karena reaksi yang terjadi pada reaktor bersifat eksotermis dan terlihat dari perhitungan nilai ΔH negatif maka suh
double jacket yang di aliri air

T in 25 298 K
T out 30 303 K
Cp Air 1 Kj/Kg.K

Qmasuk = Qkeluar
ΔHR + ΔHr = ΔHP + Qpendingin Qair =
Qpendingin = (ΔHR+ΔHr )-ΔHP maka, massa Air=
Qpendingin = -193851.056 massa Air=

6. ROTARY DRYER
T umpan (keluaran RDVF) 40 OC 313
T udara pengering masuk rotary 100 OC 373
T udara sebelum masuk heater 30 OC 303

X H2O input 0.0654

 X H2O output 0.0001

X inlet air terhadap padatan kering = 0.0700 Kg air/ Kg padatan kering

X outlet air terhadap padatan kering = 0.0001 Kg air/ Kg padatan kering

6.A Menentukan relative Humidity (%)

TDB 30 OC 303 K
PDB 1 atm

Berdasarkan PDB memiliki tekanan parsial (PA) = 2.97 Kpa

Berdasarkan TDB , Tekanan uap air (PAS) = 4 Kpa

maka, Relative Humidity (%) = 69.95 %

Berdasarkan Humidity chart didapat enthalphy yaitu ,

H1 0.019 Kg uap air/ Kg udara kering
H2 0.019 Kg uap air/ Kg udara kering

6.B Menentukan Wet Bulb (T W)

Persamaan berikut berdasarkan buku diperoleh yaitu
= 0.26

TDB 30 OC 86 F
Tw 226.08 OC 438.944 F
Ww 0.0646 lb uap air/lb udara kering
lw 1118 btu/lbm

maka,
0.0456 0.0456
Felder

Smith

Kj/Jam
0
0
0

Kj/Jam
0
0
 Kj/Jam
60.5
722.4528251
1273.368929
782.9528251

Kj/Jam
0
0
0
0
0

Kj/Jam
 60.5
722.4528251
1273.368929
2056.321754

Kj/Jam
181.5
2167.358475
3852.865595
6201.724071

Kj/Jam
-177.87
-110.838
-288.708

6201.7241
Kj/Jam
0
0
 Kj/Jam
35229.17476 p 35229.175
35229.17476

ΔHf Sisa
ΔHf Reaktan ΔHf Produk (Kj)
(Kj)
(Kj)
-110828.2 - -2261.8
-28010.36 - -519712
- -370675.2 -
-38563 - -8657
-177401.56 -370675.2 -530631
-193273.64
-158333.173244696

perhitungan nilai ΔH negatif maka suhu reaksi yaitu 40 oC harus dipertahankan dengan cara reaktor di lindungi dengan

m.CP. ΔT
Q air/ (CP.ΔT)
12923.40373 Kg/Jam

K
K
K
1. BIN STORAGE

a. Kapasitas Bin storage

Basis = 1 Jam
Densitas Na2CO3 = 2540 kg/m3
158 lbm/ft3
Na2CO3 Input = 10387.02 Kg/jam
1745019.36 Kg/ 7hari

Volume Storage = Kebutuhan selama 7 hari / densitas

687.0154961 m3
24261.74614 ft3

Over Design Factor = 20%

Volume Design = 29114.09537 ft3 0.8
824.4185953 m3

b. Dimensi angle of repose = 45 o

h = (tan45 x (D-d)) / 2
0.5 x (D-d)
π = 3.142857143
Vkerucut = π x (h/12) x (D2 + D.d + d2)
= 0.261904762 x h x(D2 + D.d + d2)
= 0.130952381 (D-d) x h x(D2 + D.d + d2)
= 0.130952381 (D3-d3)
= 0.12890625 D3

V total = 29114.09537 ft3

V shell = 0.785714286 D3
D3 = 31831.88462 ft3
D = 31.6923262 ft
= 9.659821026 m
= 380.3081198 inch
r = 190.1540599 inch
H = 9.659821026 m

d = 7.92308155 ft
= 2.414955256 m

h = 11.88462232 ft
= 3.622432885 m

2. BUCKET ELEVATOR
 a. Kapasitas (Full) = 10.38702 Ton/Jam
over design = 20%
= 120%
b. Kapasitas (20%) = 12.464424 Ton/Jam
c. Power
Tinggi Elevator = 25 ft
Rasio daya/tinggi = 0.02
Power poros = 1
P = 1.5 Hp

3. HOPPER
Densitas coke = 59 lb/ft3
0.95 g/cm3
950 kg/m3
a. Kapasitas = 12464.424 kg/jam
27479.06915 lb/jam
Laju alir volumetrik = 465.7469348 ft3/jam
= 13.18847207 m3
b. Dimensi
D = 3613.06713 ft3
15.34470971 ft
4.67706752 m
184.136616 in
d = 3.836177428 ft
Tinggi = 5.754266142 ft
1.75390032 m
69.05123099 in
c. Tekanan = 59872.31059 Pa
0.590893764 atm
P desain = 1.590893764 atm
p desain (+10%) = 1.74998314 atm
= 24.49976396 psi

c. Tebal = 2.335948003 in

4. SOLUTION TANK
a. Penentuan kapasitas
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) Massa (Kg/Jam) Kmol/Jam Fraksi massa
Na2CO3 105.99 10599.00 100 0.2248155014
H2O 18.016 34524.43 1916.3205 0.7322980502
NaHCO3 84.008 2021.90 24.067893 0.0428864484
Total 47145.33 2040.3884 1

Densitas campuran = 1187.973722 Kg/m3

 Laju alir volumetrik = 39.68549529 m3/jam 19.842748 m3
waktu tinggal = 30 menit 700.74068 ft3
laju aktual = 23.81129717 m3
840.8888163 ft3

b. penentuan dimensi
H = 2.47 m
ID = 1.64 m
c. penentuan tekanan
tekanan operasi = 1 atm
tekanan hidrostatis = 28756.09191 Pa
0.283800562 atm
tekanan absolut = 1.283800562 atm
17.97320786 Psi
tekanan design = 19.77052865 Psi

d. tebal plat = 1.904102627 in

OD = 5.448205253 in
0.13838469 m

5. process pump
laju air massa = 47145.33 kg/jam
= 13.09592376 kg/s
densitas = 1187.973722 kg/m3
Viskositas = 0,000657 Kg/m.s

6. Blower
CO2 = 5281.2 kg/jam
= 11643.03914 lb/jam
= 194.0506524 lb/menit
densitas = 0.151 lb/ft3
Qu = 1285.103658 ft3/menit
= 36.39004885 m3/menit
Daya operasi = 0.000157
daya blower = 1.008806372 hp
daya aktual = 1.261007965 hp

7. Reaktor
a. penentuan kapasitas
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) Massa (Kg/Jam) Kmol/Jam Fraksi massa
Na2CO3 105.99 211.98 2 0.0041194516
H2O 18.016 32758.86 1818.3205 0.6366098072
NaHCO3 84.008 18487.46 220.06789 0.3592707412
CO2 44.01 968.22 22 0.0188156215
 Total 51458.31 2062.3884 1

Densitas = 1231.049332 Kg/m3

Volume = 41.80036021 m3/jam
Volume reaktor = 200.641729 m3
tekanan operasi = 1 atm
tekanan hidrostatik = 29798.78014 Pa
0.294091094 atm
tekanan absolut = 1.294091094 atm
18.11727532 Psi
tekanan design = 19.92900285 Psi
Qv = 12.92340373
Volume reaktor total = 213.5651328

8. Knock Out Drum

Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) Massa (Kg/Jam) Kmol/Jam Fraksi massa
Na2CO3 105.99 211.98 2 0.0041194516
H2O 18.016 32758.86 1818.3205 0.6366098072
NaHCO3 84.008 18487.46 220.06789 0.3592707412
Total 51458.31 2040.3884 1

CO2 44.01 968.22 22 0.0188156215

Suhu = 313 K
Tekanan = 1 atm
Bmav = 44.01
Densitas CO2 = 1.714719863 Kg/m3
Densitas cairan = 1246 Kg/m3
Volume CO2 = 564.652 m3/Jam 0.1568478 m3/s
Volume cairan = 41.31136021 m3/Jam
Kec Linier = 50.8499872 m/s
Diameter tangki = 5.080068466 m
Tinggi Cairan = 10.35943633 m
Panjang kolom = 12.03583633 m
Tekanan hidrostatik = 126458.5471 Pa
1.248048824 atm
tekanan total = 2.248048824 atm
tekanan design = 1.79843906 atm
SE = 12650 Psia
860.7784431 atm
Tebal tangki = 0.005313598 m 0.2091969 in
 Faktor korosi = 0.125 in
Tebal shell sebenarnya= 0.334196879 in
Lh = 1.270017117 m
L = 13.30585345 m

9. RDVF-301
Senyawa BM (Kg/mol) Massa (Kg/Jam) Kmol/Jam Fraksi massa
Na2CO3 105.99 211.98 2 0.0041341574
H2O 18.016 32758.86 1818.3205 0.6388823988
NaHCO3 84.008 18304.42 217.889 0.3569834438
Total 51275.26 2038.2095 1

Densitas = 1243.69517 Kg/m3

l.p = 620 ft2 57.599405 m2
Laju alir filtrat = 41.22815831 m3 181.4039 gal/menit
Q filtrat = 0.29258693
Kapasitas filtrat = 13737.99263 Kg/ft3

10. Screw Conveyor

Laju alir massa = 18304.42 Kg/jam 5.0845609 Kg/s
Kapasitas desain = 21965.30 Kg/jam
Volumetrik = 9.9842 m3/Jam
11. PP-401
Laju alir massa = 32970.84 Kg/jam 9.1585672 Kg/s
fraksi massa/densitas = 0.000642
Densitas campuran = 1558.141233 Kg/m3

12. SILO (SL-701)

Kapasitas (3 hari) = 1317918.20 Kg
Volume padatan = 599.05 m3
Volume sesungguhnya= 718.8645 m3

13. Bucket Elevator

a. Kapasitas (Full) = 18304.42 Kg/jam 18.304419 Ton/jam
over design = 20%
= 120%
b. Kapasitas (20%) = 21.96530325 Kg/jam
c. Power
Tinggi Elevator = 25 ft
Rasio daya/tinggi = 0.02
Power poros = 1
P = 1.5 Hp

14. Belt Conveyor

 Kapasitas = 18304.42 Kg/jam 40361.245 lb/jam
1047.0142 lb/jam
17.450236 lb/menit
0.5670898 Hp
1.1341795 Hp
1.4177244 Hp
15. Warehouse
Kapasitas = 18304.42 Kg/jam
Kapasitas (30 hari) = 13179181.95 kg
c. Tekanan Bin Storage
P operasi = 1 atm
g = 9.8 m/s2
P hidro = 330621.864330593 Pa
= 3.26298410392887 atm
P abs = 4.26298410392887 atm
P desain = 4.68928251432176 atm
= 65.6499552005046 Psi
d. Tebal Dinding Bin Storage
f = 12.65 Psi
ri = 90 inch 180
E = 80.00
c = 0.125 Tahun
ts = 6.19988695854895 inch
0.15747704370954 m
e. Tebal Dinding Kerucut 15.747704370954
2 COS α = 1.4142
Tc = 8.71626991733694 inch
0.221393136348065 m
22.1393136348065 cm
 Fraksi mol Densitas (Kg/m3) Fraksi massa/densitas
0.04901027705 2540 8.8510039928928E-05
0.93919398183 998 0.000733765581389
0.01179574112 2200 1.9493840161008E-05
1 0.000841769461479
 Fraksi mol Densitas (Kg/m3) Fraksi massa/densitas
0.00096974945 2540 1.6218313456652E-06
0.8816576475 998 0.00063788557838
0.10670535911 2200 0.000163304882345
0.01066724394 1980 9.5028391414136E-06
 1 0.000812315131212

Fraksi mol Densitas (Kg/m3) Fraksi massa/densitas

0.00098020554 2540 1.6218313456652E-06
0.89116391032 998 0.00063788557838
0.10785588413 2200 0.000163304882345
1 0.000802812292071

0.01078226095 1980 9.5028391414136E-06

 Fraksi mol Densitas (Kg/m3) Fraksi massa/densitas
0.0009812534 2540 1.6276210150553E-06
0.89211658382 998 0.000640162724285
0.10690216278 2200 0.00016226520172
1 0.000804055547021