GDA 302- Pemodelan Geospasial

Data dalam Pemodelan Geospasial

Dr. rer.nat Dian N Handiani
Prodi Teknik Geodesi FTSP Itenas – Bandung
Semester Genap - 2020/2021

Berbagai Data dalam Pemodelan Geospasial

Terdapat dua tipe data:

1. Raster
2. Vektor

 Data Raster
Merepresentasikan space (spasial)
dalam bentuk array (ukuran dan
bentuk yang sama), bentuk baris dan
kolom.
cell
Setiap sel memiliki nilai atribut dan
koordinat. Koordinat raster dalam
bentuk matriks (cell/pixel), satu grup
sel bisa memiliki nilai atribut yang
sama atau koordinat geografis yang
sama. Setiap sel memberikan suatu
informasi, contoh: temperatur.
Data raster bisa berasal: foto udara
digital, gambar satelit (foto digital,
peta yang discan).
 Resolusi Data Raster

ESRI, https://desktop.arcgis.com/
 Elemen Data Raster

ESRI, https://desktop.arcgis.com/
 Bagaimana Data Raster Berfungsi
• Raster allows to illustrate gradual changes
and variation in attributes from one place
to another.
• Raster has a simple data structure—A matrix
of cells with values representing a
coordinate and sometimes linked to an
attribute table.

• Raster is better in advanced spatial and

statistical analysis
• Raster allows to perform fast overlays with
complex datasets

 Data Vektor
• Merepresentasikan space (spasial)
berdasarkan koordinat (independent):
digambarkan dalam bentuk titik, garis,
dan poligon.
• Satu titik merepresentasikan sebagai satu
pasang koordinat (x,y), untuk garis dan
poligon gabungan dari beberapa titik. 
• Umumnya untuk merepresentasikan
bagian dari peta topografi seperti: jalan,
sungai, vegetasi, lokasi ikan, etc.

Data Vektor (points = titik)

Data Vektor (lines = garis)
 Data Vektor (polygons = poligon)

• Polygons must close upon themselves,

so that the first and last vertex are the
same.
• Polygons may include internal rings
that act as “donut holes” - areas
excluded from the surrounding
polygon
• Polygons (and points and lines) may
also include multiple parts

Perbandingan Data Raster dan Vektor

Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi
Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi (berdasarkan tipenya)
 Tipe Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi
• Digital Surface Model
(includes buildings and
vegetation)
• Digital Terrain Model
(only earth surface, a
some-what more accurate
term)
• Digital Elevation Model
(or sometime also DTM or
combina-tion of DSM and
DTM)

Kegunaan Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi

• DEMs are used often in geographic information systems, and

are the most common basis for digitally produced relief maps.
• While a digital surface model (DSM) may be useful for
landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization
applications,
• A digital terrain model (DTM) is often required for flood or
drainage modeling, land-use studies,[1] geological
applications, and other applications,[2] and in planetary
science.

 Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi (DEM)

• Digital representation of
topography.
• Cell based with a single
elevation representing
the entire cell.

Penempatan Nilai pada DEM

 Data Ketinggian Permukaan Bumi (berdasarkan
strukturnya)

A series of triangles capturing the topography   .. x, y, z at nodes

Each triangle has a defined slope and direction (aspect)
Advantages: variable data density depending on landscape significant
points or lines can be encoded e.g. peaks, ridges, valleys
Disadvantages: more complex, needs more processing to generate 
triangle facets are often evident in processing

 DEM dengan bentuk TIN dan Raster

Two main approaches:

–Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on data
sampled on a regular grid (lattice)
–Triangular Irregular Networks (TINs) based on irregular
sampled data and Delaunay triangulation

Perbandingan DEM dengan bentuk TIN dan Raster

DEM with sample points TIN based on same
(DEMs) sample points (TINs)
 DEMs dan TINs
•DEMs:
–accept data direct from digital altitude matrices
–must be resampled if irregular data used
–may miss complex topographic features
–may include redundant data in low relief areas
–less complex and CPU intensive
•TINs:
–accept randomly sampled data without resampling
–accept linear features such as contours and breaklines (ridges and
troughs)
–accept point features (spot heights and peaks)
–vary density of sample points according to terrain complexity

 Daftar Pustaka

pemodelan
2021