Experiment 3.3: Diameter of wire affects the resistance.

Inference: The resistance of a wire depends on the cross-sectional area of the wire
Inferens: Rintangan suatu dawai bergantung pada luas keratan rentas dawai
Hypothesis: The larger the cross-sectional area of the wire, the smaller the resistance of the wire
Hipotesis: Semakin besar luas keratan rentas dawai, semakin kecil rintangan dawai

Aim: To study the relationship between the cross-sectional area and the resistance of a wire.
Tujuan: Mengkaji hubungan antara luas keratan rentas dawai dengan rintangan dawai

Variables:
Pemboleh ubah:
(a) Manipulated: Cross-sectional area of wire, A
Dimanipulasikan: Luas keratan rentas dawai, A
(b) Responding: Resistance, R
Bergerak balas: Rintangan, R
(c) Constant: Length, resistivity and temperature of the wire
Dimalarkan: Panjang dawai, kerintangan dawai dan suhu dawai

Apparatus: Two 1.5 V dry cells, cell holder, switch, ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires, crocodile clips, rheostat
and metre rule.
Radas: Dua sel kering 1.5 V, pemegang sel, suis, ammeter, voltmeter, dawai penyambung, klip buaya, reostat dan
pembaris meter.
Materials: 30.0 cm constantan wires of s.w.g. 22, s.w.g. 24, s.w.g. 26, s.w.g. 28 and s.w.g. 30
Bahan: Dawai konstantan s.w.g. 22, s.w.g. 24, s.w.g. 26, s.w.g. 28 dan s.w.g. 30 dengan panjang 30.0 cm setiap satu.

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunana radas:

Procedure:
Prosedur:

1.
Connect a 25 cm length of s.w.g. 22 constantan wire
between P and Q.
Sambungkan seutas dawai konstantan s.w.g. 22 dengan panjang 25 cm di antara P dengan Q.

2. Close the switch and adjust the rheostat until the current, I flowing in the circuit is 0.5 A.
Hidupkan suis dan laraskan reostat sehingga arus, I yang mengalir dalam litar ialah 0.5 A.

3. Record the value of the potential difference across the wire.

Rekodkan nilai beza keupayaan merentasi dawai.

4. Repeat steps 2 to 4 using the s.w.g. 24, s.w.g. 26, s.w.g. 28 and s.w.g. 30 constantan wires.
Ulangi langkah 2 hingga 4 menggunakan dawai konstantan s.w.g. 24, s.w.g. 26, s.w.g. 28 dan s.w.g. 30.
 5. Based on the diameters given in table, calculate the cross-sectional area of wire, A = π r 2 and resistance, R =
V
for the five sets of data obtained (r = wire radius).
I
Berdasarkan diameter yang diberi dalam Jadual 3.7, hitungkan luas keratan rentas dawai, A = πj 2 dan
V
rintangan, R = untuk lima set data yang diperoleh (j = jejari dawai).
I

6. Record all the values for cross-sectional area, A, current, I, potential difference, V and resistance, R in a table.
Rekodkan semua nilai bagi luas keratan rentas, A, arus, I, beza keupayaan, V dan rintangan, R dalam jadual.

Results:
Keputusan:

Diameter, d Cross-sectional area, A Current, I Potential difference, V Resistance, R

s.w.g Diameter, d Luas keratan rentas, A Arus, I Beza keupayaan, V Rintangan, R
(mm) (mm2) (A) (V) (W)
22 0.711
24 0.559
26 0.457
28 0.376
30 0.315

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

1. Plot a graph of resistance, R against the cross actional area of wire, A.

Plotkan graf rintangan, R melawan luas keratan rentas dawai, A.

2. Determine the gradient of the graph of R against the cross actional of wire, A.
Tentukan kecerunan graf R melawan luas keratan rentas dawai, A.

Conclusion:
Kesimpulan:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Discussion:
Perbincangan:

1. State the relationship between:

Nyatakan hubungan antara:
(a) the cross-sectional area and the resistance of a wire.
luas keratan rentas dengan rintangan suatu dawai.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) the value of s.w.g. and the resistance of a wire.

nilai s.w.g. dengan rintangan suatu dawai.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. State one precaution for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga bagi eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..