[PERANAN BIOFARMASETIKA]
PriscaSafrianiWicita,S.Farm,M.Farm.,Apt
Biofarmasetika melibatkan faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi:
1) Stabilitas obat di dalamproduk;
2) Kecepatan pelepasan obat;
3) Kecepatan disolusi obat pada tempat absorpsi
4) Ketersediaan hayati (absorpsi sistemik) obat
BENTUK SEDIAAN DAN RUTE PEMBERIAN
Padat :
⚫ Tablet
⚫ Kapsul
⚫ dll
Semipadat :
⚫ Krim
⚫ Gel
⚫ Salep
⚫ Dll
Cair :
⚫ Larutan
⚫ Suspensi cair
Gas :
⚫ aerosol
Fase Biofarmsetika :
L DA : Liberation, Dissolution and Absorption
Fase Farmakokinetika :
A D M E : is an acronym in pharmacokinetics and
pharmacology for absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion, and describes the
disposition of a pharmaceutical compound within an
organism.
S kema di atas menunjukan hubungan dinamis
antara obat, produk obat dan efek farmakologi
The plasma level-time curve
Kinetika Solubiliti : jumlah obat dalam larutan sebagai fungsi dari waktu
sebelum mencapai kesetimbangan; dapat diexplor dalam aplikasi
farmasetik untuk memanipulasi drug delivery
1.2. HI DR O FI LI SI TA S/ L IP OF I L ISI T A S
Koefisien partisi atau distribusi (log P atau log D) dari suatu obat
merupakan suatu ukuran relatif dari kecenderungan senyawa untuk
terbagi antara solven hidrofil dan lipofil, dan ini mengindikasikan sifat
hidrofilik/lipofilik material tersebut.
Bentuk padatan akan mempengaruhi sifat zat padat tersebut antara lain
kelarutan, laju disolusi, stabilitas, higroskopisitas, dan juga memberi
dampak pada proses manufaktur dan kinerja klinis.
Bentuk garam dapat dipilih, yang mempunyai kelarutan lebih besar, dan ini
akan memperbaiki laju disolusi dari zat aktif.
Terion
pH pK a log
Takterion
garam A pH pKa
ASAM LEMAH : 10
asam HA
Te r io n Te r io n
pH pK a log 7 ,4 3, 0 l o g
Ta k t e r i o n Ta k t e r i o n
Terion
2,51104
Ta k t e r i o n
Te r io n Te r io n
p H p Ka log 1 , 2 3, 0 l o g
Ta k t e r i o n Ta k t e r i o n
Te r i o n
1,5 8 1 0 2
Ta k t e r i o n
N I L A I pKa B E B E R A PA OBAT ASA M DA N BASA
Acids Bases
Log Popt
Koef Partisi naik abs naik sampai
maksimal lalu turun
1.7. Formulasi
• menaikkan kelarutan
Bahan obat, menaikkan laju
tambahan absorpsi obat
(eksipien) • menaikkan waktu
ditambahk penahan obat dalam
an dalam saluran cerna, hingga
suatu dapat menaikkan
produk jumlah obat yang
dapat terabsorpsi
mempengar • menaikkan difusi obat
uhi melintasi dinding usus.
absorpsi
• memperlambat
obat.
pelarutan (disolusi),
menurunkan absorpsi
obat.
Excipients in the drug product may also affect
the dissolution kinetics of the drug, either by
altering the medium in which the drug is
dissolving or by reacting with the drug itself.
Other excipients include suspending agents that
increase the viscosity of the drug vehicle and
thereby diminish the rate of drug dissolution
from suspensions.
Tablet lubricants, such as magnesium stearate,
may repel water and reduce dissolution when
used in large quantities.
Coatings, particularly shellac, will crosslink upon
aging and decrease the dissolution rate.
However, surfactants may affect drug dissolution
in an unpredictable fashion. Low concentrations
of surfactants decrease the surface tension and
increase the rate of drug dissolution, whereas
higher surfactants concentrations tend to form
micelles with the drug and thus decrease the
dissolution rate.
Large drug particles have a smaller surface area
and dissolve more slowly than smaller particles.
High compression of tablets without sufficient
disintegrant may cause poor disintegration of a
compressed tablet
Some excipients, such as sodium bicarbonate,
may change the pH of the medium surrounding
the active drug substance.
Aspirin, a weak acid when formulated with
sodium bicarbonate, will form a water-soluble
salt in an alkaline medium, in which the drug
rapidly dissolves.
The term for this process is dissolution in a
reactive medium. The solid drug dissolves rapidly
in the reactive solvent surrounding the solid
particle.
However, as the dissolved drug molecules diffuse
outward into the bulk solvent, the drug may
precipitate out of solution with a very fine
particle size.
These small particles have enormous collective
surface area, dispersing and redissolving readily
for more rapid absorption upon contact with the
mucosal surface.
Efek lubrikan terhadap kecepatan disolusi dan absorpsi
BAGAIMANA UPAYA UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN KELARUTAN?
UPAYA-UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KELARUTAN
Pembentukan komplek garam (theophylline to
aminophylline)
Penggunaan pencegah pengendapan : H P M C , PVP,
PVA, P E G
Pengubahan pH Lingkungan : pH = -log [H3O] +
Co-solvency: P E G , P G or Ethanol
Solid dispersi
Mikropartikle
Nanopartikel
cocrystalization
REFERENCES
Biopharmaceutics Application in Drug
Development, R. Krishna and L . Yu