M.K.

1 PENGANTAR SISTEM PERPIPAAN

DESKRIPSI SINGKAT
MATA KULIAH “SISTEM PERPIPAAN”
Mata kuliah ini membahas tentang pengantar sistem
perpipaan, klasifikasi dan komponen sistem perpipaan,
kode, standar dan regulasi sistem perpipaan, diagram
proses, diagram instrumentasi, dan gambar kerja sistem
perpipaan, cara penyambungan pipa, perhitungan panjang
pipa, penyangga pipa, flexibilitas pipa, desain dan analisis
sistim perpipaan dengan aplikasi komputer.
 SISTIM PERPIPAAN
MATERI KULIAH (M.K.):
1. Pengantar Sistem Perpipaan,
2. Klasifikasi dan Komponen Sistem Perpipaan,
3. Kode, Standar dan Regulasi Sistem Perpipaan,
4. Diagram Proses, Diagram Instrumentasi, dan Gambar Kerja
Sistem Perpipaan,
5. Cara Penyambungan Pipa,
6. Perhitungan Panjang Pipa,
7. Penyangga Pipa,
8. Flexibilitas Pipa,
9. Desain dan Analisis Sistim Perpipaan Dengan Aplikasi
Komputer.
 BUKU ACUAN UTAMA SISTEM PERPIPAAN
1. Raswari, ”Sistem Perpipaan (Teknologi & Perencanaan)”, UI-
Press, Jakarta, 2007.
2. Paul R Smith & Thomas J.Van Lean, “Piping and Pipe Support
Systems (Design and Engineering)”, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York, London, Madrid, Milan, Singapore,
Sydney, Toronto, 1987.
3. Rip Weavwe, ”Desain Pipa Proses”, Volume 1 & 2, UI-Press,
Jakarta, 2009.
4. ITT Grinnell Industrial Piping, Inc,”Piping Design and
Engineering”, Sixth Edition, Revised, 1981.
 M.K.1 PENGANTAR SISTEM PERPIPAAN

Sistem perpipaan adalah suatu sistem

yang digunakan untuk melakukan
transportasi fluida kerja antar peralatan
(equipment) dalam suatu pabrik (plant) atau
dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lain
sehingga proses produksi berlangsung.
Sistem perpipaan (piping system) dilengkapi
dengan komponen-komponen seperti katup,
flens, belokan (elbow), percabangan, nozzle,
reducer, tumpuan, isolasi dan lain-lain.
Dalam dunia industri, biasanya dikenal beberapa istilah mengenai sistem perpipaan seperti piping dan pipeline.
Piping adalah sistem perpipaan disuatu plant, sebagai fasilitas untuk mengantarkan fluida (cair atau gas) antara
satu peralatan ke peralatan lainnya untuk melewati proses-proses tertentu. Piping ini tidak akan keluar dari satu
wilayah plant. Sedangkan pipeline adalah sistem perpipaan untuk mengantarkan atau mengalirkan fluida antara
satu plant ke plant lainnya yang biasanya melewati beberapa daerah. Ukuran panjang pipa biasanya memiliki
panjang lebih dari 1 km tergantung jarak antar plant.
 PIPA
“Pressurized cylinder used to convey fluid”

Metode Pembuatan Pipa :

Seamless pipe Longitudinal welded pipe Spiral welded pipe

 TUBE
“Similar to pipe, but the function is to convery fluid inside the equipment”

Tubes in Boiler Tubes in HE Tubes in Instrumentation

 PIPE SIZING

For diameter (in inch)

Nominal Pipe Size

For wall thickness

PIPE MARKING

SMLS PIPES API 5L ASTMA106 GR.B SCH XS 6”

Type of pipes: Seamless

Std. Pipe Material : API 5L or ASTM A106-B

Pipe Wall Thickness : Schedule Extra Strong

NPS pipe : 6
 Typical Pipe Material

• A53: Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
• A105: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
• A106: Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
• A192:Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure Service
• A213:Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-
Exchanger Tubes
• A234: Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
High Temperature Service
• A312: Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
• A333: Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
• A350: Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing
for Piping Components
• Etc….
 Pipe End Connection

Plain end Beveled end

(for Socket) (for Welded)

Female thread end Male thread end

(for Threaded) (for Threaded)
 Flange
Flange merupakan komponen sistem perpipan yang berfungsi untuk menyambung satu pipa ke pipa lain, atau
dari pipa ke peralatan secara mekanis mengunakan mur-baut dan. Flange sering digunakan sebagai alat
sambung karena kemudahannya dalam pemasangan dan perawatannya

Flange memiliki Rating Class yang menunjukan nilai maximum tekanan yang boleh dibebankan (Maximum
Allowable Working Pressure-MAWP) pada flange ketika beroperasi dalam kondisi suhu tertentu. Hal ini diatur
dalam ANSI B 16.5. Pressure Rating ini sering juga disebut pound rating yang dibagi dalam 7 kategori yaitu
150#, 300#, 400#.
 Permukaan Flange
Flange memiliki 3 jenis permukaan yaitu :

Flate Face Ring Type Joint

Raised Face
Flate face seperti gambar di atas
Raised face adalah jenis flange Untuk temperature dan
dimana permukaannya datar (flat)
yang banyak dipakai untuk tekanan yang sangat tinggi,
dan umumnya digunakan untuk
flange dengan ketahanan maka digunakan flange jenis
flange dengan rating rendah dan
rating medium. ring-type, dimana terdapat
cast iron.
groove pada permukaan
flange untuk menempatkan
ringnya.
 Jenis Flange
Flange dikembangkan untuk berbagai keperluan dan pengunaan, sehingga munculah banyak variasi flange,seperti:
weld neck flange, threaded flange, socket-welded,slip-on flange, lap-joint flange,reducing flange,blind flange dan
orifice flange.

Weldneck Threaded Slip on Blind

Ilustrasi Pemasangan Flange

 Fitting
To connect pipe sections and change the direction of flow (Elbow, reducer, tee, cross, cap, coupling, union)

Change direction

90 deg elbow 45 deg elbow

 Fitting

Change size & flow

 Fitting

Branching

Thread socket beveled

 Fitting

Connect/joint Piping
 Valves
A device that start/stop, regulates, directs or prevent back flow the flow of a fluid
by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways

Gate Valve Globe Valve Ball Valve

Butterfly Valve Check Valve

 Gate Valve
Gate Valves are primarily designed to start or stop flow, and when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum
flow restriction are needed. In service, these valves generally are either fully open or fully closed.

Advantages of using gate valves:

• Good shut off features
• Gate Valves are bidirectional and
therefore they can be used in two
directions
• Pressure loss through the valve is
minimal

The major drawbacks to the use

of a gate valve are:
• They can not be quickly opened or
closed
• Gate Valves are not suitable for
regulate or throttle flow
• They are sensitive to vibration in
the open state
 Globe Valve
A globe valves is a linear motion valve and are primarily designed to stop, start and regulate flow

Advantages of using globe

valves:
• Good shutoff capability
• Reasonably good throttling
capability

The major drawbacks to the

use of a globe valve are:
kelemahan
• Higher pressure drop
compared to a gate valve
• Large valve sizes require
considerable power or a larger
actuator to operate
 Ball Valve
A quarter-turn rotational motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start flow. If the valve is opened, the
ball rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is in line with the valve body inlet and outlet. If the valve is
closed, the ball is rotated so that the hole is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve body and the flow is
stopped.
Advantages of using ball valves:
• Quick quarter turn on-off operation
• Tight sealing with low torque
• Smaller in size than most other
valves

Disadvantages of ball valves:

• Conventional ball valves have
poor throttling properties
• In slurry or other applications, the
suspended particles can settle
and become trapped in body
cavities causing wear, leakage, or
valve failure.
 Butterfly Valve
A butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve, that is used to stop, regulate, and start flow. Butterfly
valves are easy and fast to open.

Advantages of butterfly valves

• Compact design requires considerably less space,
compared to other valves
• Light in weight
• Quick operation requires less time to open or close
• Available in very large sizes
• Low-pressure drop

Disadvantages of butterfly valves

• Throttling service is limited
• Disc movement is unguided and affected by flow
turbulence
 Check Valve
Check valves are "automatic" valves that open with forward flow and close with reverse flow. The pressure
of the fluid passing through a system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valven
 Pipe Support

Anchor Guide hanger

Angker pipa atau anchor atau Support yang berfungsi untuk Hanger Support di mana pipa ditahan
disebut juga line stop, yang mencegah terjadinya pergerakan dari sebuah strukur yang yang berada
berarti ekspansi pada pipa berlebih searah vertical dan horizontal di atas pipa
bagian ini ditahan. sumbu pipa.
Isometric
 TUGAS M.K.1 SISTEM PERPIPAAN

Tentukan atau pilih suatu instalasi

perpipaan suatu industri, kemudian
sebutkan komponen yang ada dalam
instalasi tersebut dan jelaskan pula
proses aliran fluida kerjanya.