EXPANSION VALVE 1 (EV-02)

Tugas :
Menurunkan tekanan gas keluar reaktor dari X atm menjadi 1 atm
Jenis alat : Globe Valve
Sketsa :

Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan masuk, Pin = 1.4513 atm
Tekanan keluar, Pout = 1.00 atm
Suhu masuk, Tin = 624.49 °C = 897.49 K

Data Operasi :
Kecepatan massa = 31556.85 kg/jam = 69570.945 lb/hr
Densitas = 687.28 kg/m³ = 42.90549 lb/ft³
viskositas = 0.0006 kg/m s = 1.3460 lb/ft.h

Menentukan Diameter Valve :

Diameter optimum dapat ditentukan berdasarkan persamaan berikut :
Diopt = 3,9 × Qf 0, 45 ×  0 ,13
(Peter & Timmerhaus, 1991)
Dimana : Diopt = Diameter optimum (in)
Qf = Laju alir (ft3/s)
ρ = Densitas (lb/ft3)

Laju alir :
Massa
Qf =
ρ
31556.85 kg/jam
= = 45.92 m³/jam
687.28 kg/m³
= 45915.6 L/jam
= 1621.4928 ft³/jam
= 0.45 ft³/s

Maka,
Diopt = 3,9 × Qf 0 , 45 ×  0 ,13

= 4.4403 in
 Digunakan pipa standar :
NPS = 6 in = 0.5 ft
Diameter luar, Do = 6.625 in = 0.5521 ft
Diameter dalam, Di = 5.761 in = 0.4801 ft
Luas aliran perpipa, at = 26.1 in² = 0.1813 ft²

Menentukan Bilangan Reynold :

Di × G
Re =

Dimana: Re = Bilangan Reynold
Di = Diameter dalam, ft
G = Kecepatan massa gas, lb/jam
µ = Viskositas campuran gas,

Fluks massa:
Kecepatan massa
G =
at
69570.945 lb/h
= = 383839.7 lb/ft².h
0.1813 ft²

Maka,
Di × G
Re =

0.4801 ft x 383839.69733 lb/ft².h
=
1.3460 lb/ft.h

= 136909.47690891

Kecepatan Linear:
Laju alir 0.4504 ft³/s
v = = = 2.4850 ft/s
at 0.1813 ft²

Menentukan Friction Loss :

v2
hf = kf ×
2 × gc
Dimana : hf = Friction loss karena valve, ft.lbf/lbm
kf = Loss friction factor untuk valve = 9.5 (Geankoplis)
v = Kecepatan fluida, ft/s
gc = 32.174 lbm.ft/lbf.s²

Maka,
v2
hf = kf ×
2 × gc
 v2
hf = kf ×
2 × gc

2.4850 (ft/s)²
= 9.5 x
2x 32.174 lbm.ft/lbf.s²

= 0.911712 ft.lbf/lbm

Menentukan Pressure Head :

P
Pr essure head =


P1 = 1.45 atm = 1.500 kg/cm²

P2 = 1.0 atm = 1.0 kg/cm²
ρcamp = 0.69 kg/cm3

Maka,
1.4995267 - 1.03 (kgc/m²)
Pressure head =
0.687 kg/cm3
= 0.6784668 cm = 0.0067847 m

Menentukan Suhu Keluaran Valve :

Asumsi expansion valve bekerja secara isentropic, maka untuk menghitung suhu
keluar valve menggunakan persamaan:
 -1
P2 
T 2 = T1 × ( )
P1

dimana:
T2 = Suhu keluar valve, K
T1 = Suhu masuk valve, K
P2 = Tekanan keluar valve, atm
P1 = Tekanan masuk valve, atm
γ = Cp/Cv

Kapasitas panas campuran :

Persamaan : Cpgas = A + BT + CT 2 + DT 3 + ET 4
dimana : Cpgas = Kapasitas panas gas, J/mol.K
T = Suhu, Kelvin
Komponen A B C D E Cp KJ/kmol K Cp
n-C4H10 20.056 0.2815 -1.314E-05 -9.457E-08 3.415E-11 215.92969708 3.7149834
i-C4H10 6.772 0.3415 -0.000103 -3.685E-08 2.043E-11 217.12191743 3.7354951
n-C4H8 24.915 0.2065 5.983E-05 -1.417E-07 4.765E-11 186.92872367 3.3316471
C4H6 18.835 0.2047 6.249E-05 -1.715E-07 6.086E-11 168.42846292 3.1138558
H2 25.399 0.0202 -3.855E-05 3.188E-08 -8.759E-12 29.821784831 14.785223
Kapasitas panas campuran = ### kJ/kg.K 28.681204
Cp = 28.7 kJ/kg K
R = 0.4619 kJ/kg.K (Konstanta gas ideal)
Cv = Cp-R = 28.2 kJ/kg.K
γ = Cp/Cv = 1.02 kJ/kg.K
T1 = 624.49 °C = 897.49 K
P1 = 1.4513 atm
P2 = 1.00 atm

Maka,
 -1
P2 
T 2 = T1 × ( )
P1
= 892 K = 619 °C
 #NUM!

Komponen A B n Tc Rho
n-C4H10 0.2283 0.2724 0.2863 425.18 #NUM! 1.0305539
i-C4H10 0.2228 0.2729 0.27301 408.14 #NUM!
n-C4H8 0.2322 0.2663 0.2853 419.59 #NUM!
C4H6 0.2460 0.2723 0.29074 425.37 #NUM!
H2 0.0313 0.3473 0.2756 33.18 #NUM!

Viskositas campuran bahan:

Persamaan :  = A + BT + CT 2
Dimana : µ = Viskositas, mikropoise (10^-6 kg/m.s)
T = Suhu, Kelvin

Komponen A B C Visko Kmol/jam Yi

n-C4H10 -0.002 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 291.26383 3E-01
i-C4H10 -0.001 1E-05 1E-07 1E-07 1.1042247 1E-03
n-C4H8 -0.003 3E-05 1E-07 1E-07 134.1331 1E-01
C4H6 -0.001 7E-06 2E-07 1E-07 116.59332 1E-01
H2 0.040 5E-04 -6E-08 4E-07 362.37516 4E-01
9E-07 9E+02 1E+00

Viskositas campuran gas = 2E-07

1.00 atm

ρcamp = #DIV/0! kg/m³ = #DIV/0! lb/ft³

Cp
 densitas
Komponen fraksi mol BM rho
n-C4H10 0.3216716 58.124 0.3687076
i-C4H10 0.0012195 58.124 0.0013978
n-C4H8 0.1481365 56.107 0.1639053
C4H6 0.1287656 54.09 0.1373507
H2 0.4002069 2.0169993 0.0159186
1 0.68728

Yi μ.yi.BM0,5 yi.BM0,5
3E-01 3E-07 2E+00
1E-03 1E-09 9E-03
1E-01 1E-07 1E+00
1E-01 1E-07 9E-01
4E-01 2E-07 6E-01
1E+00 8E-07 5E+00

2E-07