PETUNJUK SISWA
1. Baca tujuan pembelajaran dan indikator pencapaian kompetensi yang tercantum dalam
LKPD.
2. Dengan bimbingan guru, bacalah informasi yang diberikan pada kolom informasi.
5. Siswa yang telah menemukan jawaban dari suatu pertanyaan, bertanggung jawab
untuk menjelaskan jawabannya kepada teman yang belum paham dalam
kelompoknya.
6. Untuk memperkuat ide-ide yang telah terbangun dan berlatih menerapkan ide-ide
pada situasi yang baru, maka kerjakanlah sejumlah latihan yang diberikan.
KARAKTERISTIK MATERI
A. TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Melalui model pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing dengan menggali informasi dari berbagai sumber
belajar, penyelidikan sederhana dan mengolah inormasi, diharapkan siswa terlibat aktif selama proses
belajar mengajar berlangsung, memiliki sikap ingin tahu, teliti dalam melakukam pengamatan dan
bertanggung jawab dalam menyampaikan pendapat, menjawab pertanyaan, memberi saran dan kritik,
menganalisis struktur, tatanama, sifat, sintesis, dan kegunaan senyawa karbon.serta dapat menyajikan
rancangan percobaan sintesis senyawa karbon, identifikasi gugus fungsi dan/ atau penafsiran data
spektrum inframerah (IR).
4.9 Menyajikan rancangan percobaan sintesis senyawa karbon, identifikasi gugus fungsi dan/ atau
penafsiran data spektrum inframerah (IR).
C. INDIKATOR PEMBELAJARAN
D. KONSEP-KONSEP ESENSIAL
KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN
IPK 1. Menganalisis gugus fungsi golongan Aldehida.
INFORMASI
Model 1
Model 1. Menentukan gugus fungsi senyawa aldehid
CH3▬CH2▬CH3
Model 1.a
Model 1.b
KESIMPULAN
a. Gugus fungsi dari aldehida adalah………………........................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
b. Rumus umum aldehida adalah…………………….………………...............................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
LATIHAN
No Senyawa Gugus alkil Gugus fungsi
INFORMASI
Aldehida merupakan senyawa turunan alkana, dimana senyawa ini memiliki rumus
molekul yang sama dengan keton yaitu CnH2nO. Rumus umum aldehid adalah ,
dimana R adalah alkil (R = CnH2n+1 ).
Tatanama senyawa aldehida:
IUPAC
Akhiran –a pada alkana diganti dengan akhiran -al
Aldehida diberi nama dengan menghitung jumlah atom karbon (C1: form-; C2: aset-;C3:
propion-; C4: butir-; C5: valer-) dan ditambah akhiran –aldehida. Untuk memahami aturan
tatanama aldehida, perhatikan model 2 berikut ini.
Model 2
1. Berdasarkan model 2a, 2b, dan 2c, apa langkah pertama untuk memberikan nama
IUPAC senyawa aldehida ?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Tuliskan manakah yang merupakan rantai induk dari model 2a, 2b, dan 2c ?
Model 2.a : …………………………………………………………………………....
Model 2.b : …………………………………………………………………………....
Model 2.c : …………………………………………………………………………....
3. Setelah didapatkan rantai induk, dari manakah pemberian nomor dimulai ?
Model 2.a : …………………………………………………………………………....
Model 2.b : …………………………………………………………………………....
Model 2.c : …………………………………………………………………………....
4. Setelah penomoran diberikan, coba perhatikan pada atom C keberapa terikat
subtituen/ cabangnya ?
Model 2.b : …………………………………………………………………………...
Model 2.c : …………………………………………………………………………....
5. Apa saja subtituen/ cabang yang terikat pada rantai induk ?
Model 2.b : …………………………………………………………………………....
Model 2.c : …………………………………………………………………………....
9
6. Model 2.c memiliki nama 3,4-dimetil pentanal, nama di pada awalan dimetil menandakan
apa ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………......
7. Tuliskan urutan penamaan senyawa aldehida!
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………...
KESIMPULAN
Tata cara pemberian nama IUPAC dan nama Trivial senyawa aldehida adalah:
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
LATIHAN
Jawab :………………………………………………………………………..............
b.
Jawab :…………………………………………………………………………….....
c.
a.
Jawab :
…………………………………
Jawab : ………………………………………………………………………………
d.
Jawab :………………………………………………………………………………
10
INFORMASI
Model 3
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
4. Berdasarkan jawaban pertanyaan kunci diatas, tuliskan rumus struktur dari senyawa 3-
etil-4-metilpentanal !
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
KESIMPULAN
Langkah-langkah untuk menuliskan rumus struktur senyawa aldehida:
………………...................................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
LATIHAN
1. Heptanal
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
2. 3,4-dimetilpentanal
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
3. 4-kloropentanal
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
4. Butiraldehid
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
12
IPK 4. Menganalisis sifat fisika & sifat kimia golongan Aldehida berdasarkan rumus struktur.
INFORMASI
Sifat Fisika:
Senyawa aldehida tidak dapat larut dalam air, tetapi untuk yang berbobot molekul rendah
dapat larut karena aldehida dapat mengadakan ikatan Hidrogen. Semakin panjang rantai C
maka kelarutan semakin kecil karena semakin bersifat nonpolar. Hal ini disebabkan karena
gugus karbonil bersifat polar dan alkil bersifat nonpolar.
Sifat Kimia:
4. Aldehida mengalami reaksi oksidasi dengan Pereaksi Tollens membentuk cermin perak
(Ag).
(Fessenden.1982:4)
13
Model 4
2 Asetaldehida 20
3 Propanaldehida 49
4 Butiraldehida 76
(Fessenden.1982:6)
1. Dengan memperhatikan model 4, senyawa aldehida manakah yang mempunyai titik didih
yang paling tinggi ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
2. Berdasarkan jawaban pertanyaan kunci no.1, kenapa senyawa tersebut memiliki titik didih
paling tinggi dibandingkan senyawa lainnya ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
3. Semakin panjang atom karbon yang dimiliki oleh senyawa aldehida bagaimana dengan titik
didihnya ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
KESIMPULAN
Sifat fisika senyawa aldehida adalah :
……………….........................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
………………...................................................................................................................................
14
LATIHAN
1. Manakah yang memiliki titik didih lebih tinggi antara heptanal dan heksanal ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
2. Manakah yang memiliki titik didih lebih tinggi antara 2-metil pentanal dan 2,2-dimetil
butanal ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
3. Berdasarkan jawaban pertanyaan kunci no.3 dan dengan memperhatikan kerangka kedua
senyawa mengapa demikian ?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
Model 5
a.
b.
1. Senyawa apakah yang menjadi pereaksi pada model 5 diatas ? (tulis nama senyawa)
2. Senyawa apakah yang diperoleh dari rekasi pada model 5 diatas ? (tulis nama senyawa)
3. Berdasarkan model 5.a, buatkan tahap reaksi adisi H 2 berdasarkan pemutusan ikatannya
sehingga dihasilkan alkohol primer !
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
4. Berdasarkan model 5.b, buatkan tahap reaksi adisi H 2O berdasarkan pemutusan ikatannya
sehingga dihasilkan alkohol primer !
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
Model 6
eksperimen
a.
b.
1. Senyawa apakah yang menjadi pereaksi pada model 6 diatas ? (tulis nama senyawa)
2. Senyawa apakah yang diperoleh dari rekasi pada model 6 diatas ? (tulis nama senyawa)
3. Berdasarkan model 6.a, buatkan tahap reaksi oksidasi berdasarkan pemutusan ikatannya
sehingga dihasilkan alkohol primer !
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
4. Berdasarkan model 6.b, buatkan tahap reaksi oksidasi berdasarkan pemutusan ikatannya
sehingga dihasilkan alkohol primer !
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................