L L L
Dengan a 0=
1
∫
2 L −L
1
f ( x ) dx , an = ∫ f ( x ) cos
L −L
nπx
L ( ) 1
dx ,dan b n= ∫ f ( x ) sin
L L
nπx
L ( )
dx
b n=0
Untuk Fungsi Ganjil
a 0=a n=0
L
2
b n= ∫ f ( x ) sin
L 0
nπx
L ( )
dx
Ilustrasi u ( x , t )=x +t
u ( x , t )=e ( x +1 )
2t 2
Contoh
Find the solution of Heat Conduction problem
u xx =4 ut , 0< x <2 , t>0 ;
u ( 0 , t ) =0 ,u ( 2 , t )=0 , t >0 ;
ut =XT '
''
u xx =X T
4 T ' − λT=0
Disubstitusikan syarat awal ke PDE.
u ( x , t )=X ( x ) T ( t )
u ( 0 , t ) =X ( 0 ) T ( t )=0 maka X ( 0 )=0
u ( 2 ,t )= X ( 2 ) T ( t )=0 maka X ( 2 )=0
X ( x )=c 1 e kx + c 2 e−kx
Masukkan syarat awal
X ( 0 ) =c 1+ c 2=0 → c1 =−c 2
X ( 2 )=c1 e + c 2 e =0→ c 2 ( −e + e ) =0
2k −2 k 2k −2 k
Solusinya Trivial.
( ) ( nπx2 )
−n π t −n π t
nπx
u ( x , t )=∑ X n ( x ) T n ( t ) =∑ Bn C n e 16
sin =∑ A n e 16
sin
n=0 n=0 2 n=0
( )
−π t π t
πx 2
π t
U ( x , t )=2 e 16
sin −e 4
sin πx+ 4 e sin ( 2 πx )
2
Contoh 2
Consider the conduction of heat in a rod 40 cm in length whose ends are maintenaned at 0 C
for all t >0. Find expression of temperature u( x , t) if the initial temperature distribution is the
give guven function and α 2=1
{
0,0 ≤ x<10
u ( x , 0 ) = 50,10 ≤ x ≤ 30
0,30 ≤ x ≤ 40
Jawab
Diketahui
the conduction of heat in a rod 40 cm in length whose ends are maintenaned at 0 C for all t >0
artinya u ( 0 , t ) =( 40 , t ) =0
ut =c 2 u xx
ut =XT '
u xx =X ' ' T
4 T ' − λT=0
Disubstitusikan syarat awal ke PDE.
u ( x , t )=X ( x ) T ( t )
u ( 0 , t ) =X ( 0 ) T ( t )=0 maka X ( 0 )=0
Misal λ=−k 2 , k ∈ R
( nπx
40 )
−n π t
u ( x , t )= ∑ X n ( x ) T n ( t ) = ∑ An e 16 00
sin
n=0 n=0
{
0,0≤ x <10
u ( x , 0 ) =∑ An sin
n=0
( )
nπx
40
= 50 ≤ x< 30
0,30 ≤ x< 40
f ( x ) ≈ a0 + ∑ E n cos
n=1
( nπxL )+ F sin ( nπxL )
n
( nπxL )
f ( x ) ≈ a0 + ∑ F n sin
n=1
L
F = ∫ f ( x ) sin (
L )
2 nπx
n dx
L 0
Sehingga, untuk persamaan berikut adalah Deret Fourier fungsi Ganjil
{
0,0 ≤ x <10
50 ≤ x <30 =∑ An sin
0,30 ≤ x <40 n=0
nπx
40 ( )
L 40
2
An = ∫ f ( x ) sin
L0
nπx
L
2
( )
dx= ∫ f ( x ) sin
40 0
nπx
40 ( )
( )
10 30 40
An =
1
20 0
( )
∫ 0 dx+∫ 50 sin
10
nπx
40
dx +∫ 0 dx
30
( nπx
40 )
−n π t
3 nπ nπ
u ( x , t )=∑ 100 cos −cos e 1600
sin
n=0 4 4
2
Persamaan Wave adalah utt −c u xx=0
Contoh 1
ut t= XT ' '
u xx =X ' ' T
u ( x , t )=X ( x ) T ( t )
u ( 0 , t ) =X ( 0 ) T ( t )=0 maka X ( 0 )=0
u ( π ,t )=X ( π ) T ( t )=0 maka X ( π ) =0
u ( x , 0 ) =X ( x ) T ( 0 )=0 maka T ( 0 )=0
Misal λ=−k 2 , k ∈ R
'' 2
X +k X=0 , X ( 0 )=0 , X ( π )=0
X n ( x )=Bn sin ( n x )
'' ' 2
T −2 λT =0 → T +2 k T =0 ,T ( 0 )=0
T ' ' +2 n2 T =0 ,T ( 0 )=0
Persamaan karakteristiknya adalah
r +2 n =0 → r=n √2 i
2 2
T n ( 0 )=C n=0
Sehingga T n ( t )=D n sin ( n √ 2t )
Solusi umum u ( x , t ) adalah
[ ]
π π
2 2 −1 −2
En = ∫
n √2 π 0
sin ( nπ ) dx=
n √2 π n
cos nx = 2
n π √2
( cos nπ −1 )
0
−2
u ( x , t )=∑ ( cos nπ−1 ) sin ( nx ) sin ( n √ 2 t )
n π √2
2
n=0