Barscreen

Kriteria desain Pembersihan Pembersihan

Manual Mekanik
Kecepatan melalui rack (v), m/det
maksimum 0,3 - 0,6 0,6 - 1
Minimum 0,3 - 0,5
Ukuran bar :
  ·    Lebar (w), m 5 15 8 10
  ·    Kedalaman (D),mm 25 38 50-75
Jarak antar batang (b),mm 25 50 10 50
Sloope batang dari vertikal, o (derajad) 30 45 75-85
Headloss yang diijinkan (hL),mm 150 150
Sumber : Metcalf and Eddy, (2003), wastewater Enginering Treatment and Reuse. Halaman 316

Parameter Efisiensi
BOD 15-30% Screen 3
TSS 15-30%
Sumber: ASCE, bab 10 halaman 54

Horizontal Grit Chamber

Parameter Simbol Satuan Besaran
Range Tipikal
Waktu detensi td S 45-90 60
Kecepatan horisontal Vh m/s 0,25-0,4 0,3
Kecepatan pengendapan Vs m/menit
- 65 mesh material 1,0-1,3 1,15
- 100 mesh material 0,6-0,9 0,75
Perbandingan headloss pada daerah kontrol - % 30-40 36
dengan kedalaman saluran
Panjang saluran L % 25-50 -
Volume pasir Vp M3/1000 0,03 -
Sumber : Metcalf and Eddy, (2003), wastewater Enginering Treatment and Reuse. Halaman 385

Parameter Efisiensi
BOD 0%
N 0%
Sumber : Metcalf and Eddy, (2003), wastewater Enginering Treatment and Reuse. Halaman 385

Bak Ekualisasi
Parameter Efisiensi
Kedalaman (m) 1,5-2
Slope pada Dinding 3:1 -- 2:1
Sumber : Metcalf and Eddy, (2003), wastewater Enginering Treatment and Reuse. Halaman 343

Bangunan Pengendap 1
Parameter Satuan Besaran
Range Tipikal
Rectangular
Kedalaman m 3 – 4,9 4,3
Panjang m 15-90 24 – 40
Lebar m 24-Mar 4,9 – 9,8
Flight speed m/min 0,6-1,2 0,9
Circular
Kedalaman m 3-4,9 4,3
Diameter m 3--60 12 – 45
Slope dasar m/min 1/16 – 1/6 1-/12
Flight speed r/min 0,02 – 0,05 0,03

Sumber : Metcalf and Eddy, (2003), wastewater Enginering Treatment and Reuse. Halaman 398

Parameter efisiensi
TSS 50-70%
BOD 30-40%
Bak Pengendap I
35 35
(BP I)
COD 30-40%

N 8--15%
P 8--12%

Sumber : Qasim (1985) halaman 263

Oxydation Ditch

Parameter Satuan Besaran

td jam 18-36

kecepatan m/detik 0,25--0,3

SRT hari 20--30
F/M /hari 20-30
Aerator loading kg/m3.day 0,1--0,4
MLSS mg/l 3000 -- 6000
Aeration period hjam 18-36
Rasio resirkulasi Qr/Q 0,5--2
Sumber Metcalf and Eddy (2003) halaman 744, Qasim (1985) halaman 310

Parameter efisiensi
Oxydation
85
Ditch (OD)
COD 80-90%
BOD 75-95%
Sumber Qasim (1985) halaman 310

Activated Sludge
Parameter satuan range tipikal
k per day 02--08 4
kd per day 0.03-0.07 0.05
ks mg/l BOD5 40-120 80
mg/l COD 20-80 40
y VSS/BOD5 0.3-0.7 0.5
VSS/COD 0.2-0.5 0.4
Sumber: Qasim (1985) halaman 308

Parameter efisien
Activated
Sludge
Convention
BOD 80-85% al
COD 80-85%
TSS 80-90%
P 10-25%
N 8-15%
Sumber: Qasim (1985) halaman 53

Trickling Filter
Parameter satuan range
jenis batu
hydraulic loading m3/m2.d 1--4
organik loading kg BOD/m3.d 0,07--0,22
recirculasi 0
kedalaman m 1,8--2,4
Power kW/103m3 2--4
Sumber: Metcalf and Eddy (2003) halaman 893

Parameter Efisiensi
BOD 60-80%
COD 60-80%
TSS 60-85%
P 8-12%
N 8-15%
sumber: Qasim (1985) halaman 53

Sludge Thickener
Parameter Satuan Besaran
Solid Loading kg/m .hari
2
40 – 78
Konsentrasi Solid Lumpur % 2–8
Sludge Volume Ratio Hari 0.5 – 20
Kedalaman Sudge Blanket M 0.6 – 2.4
Slope Bak - 1,4 – 1,6
Sumber Qasim, (1985) halaman Apendix

Sludge Drying Bed

Parameter Satuan Besaran
Tebal lapisan lumpur mm 200 – 300
Labar bed (L) mm 8-May
Panjang bed (P) mm 6 – 30
Tebal lapisan media pasir mm 230 – 300
Tebal lapisan gravel mm 150 – 300
Uniformity Coefficien ≤4
Effective Size mm 0,3 – 0,75
Slope lateral drainage line % > 1%
Jarak antar lateral line mm 2,5 – 6
Kecepatan dalam pipa m/s ≤ 0,75
Waktu pengeringan hari 10 – 15
Kelembaban/moisture lumpur % ± 60
Sludge loading rate kg/m2.th 58,5 – 97,6
Sumber Qasim, (1985) halaman Apendix
3 7 - -
 Proses Efisiensi Removal (%)
Pengolahan BOD COD TSS N P

Sumur
60 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
Pengumpul

Bak
0 0 0 0 0
Equalisasi
Screen 3 3 7 - -
Grit
- - - - -
Chamber
Bak
Pengendap 35 35 60 10 10
I (BP I)

Oxydation
85 85 85 70 -
Ditch (OD)

Activated
Sludge
90 83 85 40 20
Convention
al
Trickling
70 70 75 30 10
Filter (TF)
Secondary
Clarifier 88 73 50 95 75
(SC)
 Sludge
Drying Bed 0 0 0 0 0
(SDB)

85 85 70 -

90 83 85 40 20
 KARAKTERISTIK AIR BAKU MUTU (pergub 45 thn
LIMBAH 2002,KELAS II)
Kualitas air Limbah Baku Mutu
Parameter Parameter
(mg/L) (mg/L)
BOD 370 BOD 50
COD - COD 100
TSS 320 TSS 200
N 8 N 20
P 4 P -

PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK AIR LIMBAH YANG DIOLAH

DENGAN BAKU MUTU

Kualitas air Limbah Baku Mutu Removal yang

Parameter
(mg/L) (mg/L) Dibutuhkan (%)

BOD 370 50 86%

TSS 320 200 38%
N 8 20 -
P 4 - -

RANGE EFISIENSI REMOVAL

Proses Efisiensi Removal (%)
Pengolahan
BOD COD TSS N P
Sumur
- - - - -
Pengumpul
Bak Equalisasi - - - - -
Screen - - - - -
Grit chamber 0-5 0-5 0 - 10 - -
Bak Pengendap I
30 - 40 30 - 40 50 - 65 10-20 10-20
(BP I)

Oxydation Ditch
80 - 90 80 - 90 80 - 90 70 -
(OD)

Activated Sludge
80 - 95 80 - 85 80 - 90 15 - 50 10 - 25
Conventional

Trickling Filter
65 - 80 60 - 80 60 - 85 15 - 50 8 - 12
(TF)
Secondary
88 73 50 95 75
Clarifier (SC)
Sludge Drying
- - - - -
Bed (SDB)
Sumber : Qasim, Wastewater Treatment Plants, 1985
 TIPIKAL EFISIENSI REMOVAL YANG DIGUNAKAN

Proses Efisiensi Removal (%)

Pengolahan
BOD TSS N P
Sumur
- - - -
Pengumpul
Bak Equalisasi - - - -
Screen - - - -
Grit Chamber 3 6 - -
Bak Pengendap I
35 60 15 10
(BP I)

Oxydation Ditch
80 85 70 -
(OD)

Activated Sludge
90 82 35 20
Conventional

Trickling Filter
70 70 30 10
(TF)
Secondary
88 50 95 75
Clarifier (SC)

Sludge Drying
- - - -
Bed (SDB)

ALTERNATIF 2 (OD)

UNIT PENGOLAHAN
Konsentrasi Awal Baku Mutu Removal yang
Parameter
(mg/L) (mg/L) Dibutuhkan (%)
Grit Chamber BP I

Efisiensi Hasil Akhir Efisiensi Hasil Akhir

BOD 370 50 86% 3% 358.9 35% 233.3
TSS 320 200 38% 6% 300.8 60% 120.32
N 8 20 - - 25 15% 21.3
P 4 - - - 5 10% 4.5
ALTERNATIF 1 (ACTIVATED
SLUDGE)
UNIT PENGOLAHAN

Konsentrasi Awal Baku Mutu Removal yang

Parameter
(mg/L) (mg/L) Dibutuhkan (%)
Grit Chamber BP I

Efisiensi Hsl Akhir Efisiensi Hsl Akhir

BOD 370 50 86% 3% 358.9 35% 233.3
TSS 320 200 38% 6% 300.8 60% 120.32
N 8 20 - - 25 15% 21.3
P 4 - - - 5 10% 4.5

ALTERNATIF 3 (TRICKLING
FILTER)
UNIT PENGOLAHAN

Konsentrasi Awal Baku Mutu Removal yang

Parameter
(mg/L) (mg/L) Dibutuhkan (%) Grit Chamber BP I

Efisiensi Hsl Akhir Efisiensi Hsl Akhir

BOD 370 50 86% 3% 358.9 35% 233.3
TSS 320 200 38% 6% 300.8 60% 120.32
N 8 20 - - 25 15% 21.3
P 4 - - - 5 10% 4.5

900 990
1300 1430
1500 1650
2200 2420
GOLAHAN

Oxidation Ditch

Efisiensi Hasil Akhir

80% 47
85% 18
70% 6.4
- 4.5
GOLAHAN

Activated Sludge

Efisiensi Hsl Akhir

90% 23.3
82% 22
35% 13.8
20% 3.6

GOLAHAN

Trickling Filter

Efisiensi Hsl Akhir

70% 70
70% 36
30% 14.9
10% 4.1

Unit Pengolahan

Konsentrasi Unit Grease Trap Unit Anaerob

Parameter
Awal
Hasil
Efisiensi Efisiensi
Akhir
BOD 47 mg/L - 47 70%
COD 100 mg/L - 100 70%
TSS 25 mg/L - 25 80%
MBAS 10 mg/L - 10 -
Minyak &
8 mg/L 70% 2.4 -
Lemak
Amoniak 15 mg/L - 15 75%
Total 5,6x10
- 300 60%
Coliform CFU/100mL
 Unit Pengolahan
Chlorinasi – Bak
Unit Anaerob Unit Aerob (Aerasi)
Pengumpul Akhir
Hasil Hasil Hasil
Efisiensi Efisiensi
Akhir Akhir Akhir
14.1 80% 2.82 - 2.82
30 80% 6 - 6
5 75% 1.25 - 1.25
10 85% 1.5 - 1.5
- - - - 2.4
3.75 80% 0.75 - 0.75
120 40% 72 85% 10.8
MASS BALANCE

Kualitas Influen Air Limbah

BOD = 370 mg/L
COD = - mg/L
TSS = 320 mg/L
N = 8 mg/L
P = 4 mg/L

Kuantitas Influen Air Limbah

=
Q ave = 0.1146 m3/det = 114.6 l/det
Q min = 0.0526 m3/det = 52.6 l/det
Q maks = 0.1719 m3/det = 171.9 l/det
Q peak = 0.3139 m3/det = 313.9 l/det

Baku Mutu Air Limbah Kelas 2 (SK Gub Jatim 45 th 2002)

BOD = 50 mg/L
COD = 100 mg/L
TSS = 200 mg/L
N = 20 mg/L
P = - mg/L

GRIT CHAMBER
Influen
Diketahui :
Q ave = 0.1146 m3/det = 9901.44 m3/hari
BOD = 370 mg/L = 0.37 kg/m3
COD =- mg/L = #VALUE! kg/m3
TSS = 320 mg/L = 0.32 kg/m3
N = 8 mg/L = 0.008 kg/m3
P = 4 mg/L = 0.004 kg/m3

Perhitungan : Influen
M BOD = Q ave x [BOD]
= 8640 m3/hari x 250mg/L
= 3196.8 kg/hari
M COD = Q ave x [COD]
= 8640 m3/hari x 350mg/L
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = Q ave x [TSS]
= 8640 m3/hari x 200 mg/L
= 2764.8 kg/hari
MN = Q ave x [N]
= 8640 m3/hari x 20 mg/L
= 69.12 kg/hari
MP = Q ave x [P]
= 8640 m3/hari x 1 mg/L
= 34.56 kg/hari

Removal
M BOD = 3% x M BOD
= 3% x 2160 kg/hari
= 95.9 kg/hari
M COD = 3% x M COD
= 3% x 3024 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = 7% x M TSS
= 7% x 1728 kg/hari
= 193.536 kg/hari
MN = 69.12 kg/hari
MP = 34.56 kg/hari

Effluen
M BOD = M BOD influen - M BOD removal
= 2160 kg/hari - 64.8 kg/hari
= 3100.9 kg/hari
M COD = M COD influen - M COD removal
= 3024 kg/hari - 90.7 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = M TSS influen - M TSS removal
= 1728 kg/hari - 120.96 kg/hari
= 2571.264 kg/hari
MN = 69.12 kg/hari
MP = 34.56 kg/hari

MTSS in = 193.54 kg/hari

Sg = 1.06
ρ air = 1 gr/cm3
Debit lumpur = Msolid
Sgx  airx 1000
= 120.96kg / hari
1.06 x1x1000
= 3.0 m3/hari
Q effluen = Q ave - Debit lumpur
= 9901.44 m3/hari - 1.9 m3/hari
= 9898.4 m3/hari

BAK PENGENDAP I
Influen
Diketahui :
Q influen = 9898.4 m3/hari
M BOD = 3100.9 kg/hari
M COD = #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = 2571.264 kg/hari
MN = 69.12 kg/hari
MP = 34.56 kg/hari

Removal
M BOD = 35% x M BOD
= 35% x 2095.2 kg/hari
= 1085.3 kg/hari
M COD = 35% x M COD
= 35% x 2933.3 kg/hari

= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = 60% x M TSS
= 60% x 1607.04 kg/hari
= 1542.8 kg/hari
MN = 10% x M N
= 10% x 172.8 kg/hari
= 6.912 kg/hari
MP = 10% x M P
= 10% x 8.64 kg/hari
= 3.5 kg/hari

Effluen
M BOD = M BOD influen - M BOD removal
= 2095.2 kg/hari - 733.3 kg/hari
= 2015.6 kg/hari
M COD = M COD influen - M COD removal
= 2933.3 kg/hari - 1027 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = M TSS influen - M TSS removal
= 1607.04 kg/hari - 964.2 kg/hari
= 1028.5 kg/hari
MN = M N influen - M N removal
 = 172.8 kg/hari - 17.28 kg/hari
= 62.2 kg/hari
MP = M P influen - M P removal
= 8.64 kg/hari - 0.9 kg/hari
= 31.10 kg/hari

MTSS in = 1542.8 kg/hari

Sg = 1.04
ρ air = 1 gr/cm3
Debit lumpur = Msolid
Sgxairx%solidx1000
= 964.2kg / hari
1.06x1x0.06x1000
= 24.7 m3/hari
Q effluen = Q influen - Debit lumpur
= 9899.5 m3/hari - 15.5 m3/hari
= 9873.7 m3/hari

ACTIVATED SLUDGE
& SECONDARY CLARIFIER
Influen
Diketahui :
Q influen = 9873.7 m3/hari
M BOD = 2015.6 kg/hari
M COD = #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = 1028.5 kg/hari
MN = 62.2 kg/hari
MP = 31.1 kg/hari

Removal
M BOD = 90% x M BOD
= 90% x 1361.9 kg/hari
= 1713.2 kg/hari
M COD = 83% x M COD
= 83% x 1906.6 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = 85% x M TSS
= 85% x 642.8 kg/hari
= 874.2 kg/hari
MN = 40% x M N
= 40% x 155.5 kg/hari
 = 24.9 kg/hari
MP = 20% x M P
20% x 7.8 kg/hari
6.2 kg/hari

Effluen
M BOD = M BOD influen - M BOD removal
= 1361.9 kg/hari - 1157.6 kg/hari
= 302.3 kg/hari
M COD = M COD influen - M COD removal
= 1906.06 kg/hari - 1582.5 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSS = M TSS influen - M TSS removal
= 642.8 kg/hari - 546.4 kg/hari
= 154.3 kg/hari
MN = M N influen - M N removal
= 155.5 kg/hari - 62..2 kg/hari
= 37.3 kg/hari
MP = M P influen - M P removal
7.8 kg/hari - 1.6 kg/hari
24.9 kg/hari

M TSS = 874.2 kg/hari

Sg = 1.02
ρ air = 1 gr/cm3
Debit lumpur = Msolid
Sgxairx%solidx1000
= 546.4kg / hari
1.02x1x0.013x1000
= 65.9 m3/hari
Q effluen = Q influen - Debit lumpur
= 9884.1 m3/hari - 8.9 m3/hari
= 9807.7 m3/hari

QR = 25 - 100% , direncanakan QR = 75%, maka

= 75% x Debit lumpur
= 75% x 8.9 m3/hari
= 49.4 m3/hari
M BODR = 75% x M BOD removal
= 75% x 1157.6 kg/hari
 = 1284.9 kg/hari
M CODR = 75% x M COD removal
= 75% x 1582.5 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSSR = 75% x M TSS removal
= 75% x 546.4 kg/hari
= 655.7 kg/hari
Jadi, karakterisitik air limbah menuju pengolahan lumpur
q = Q - QR
= 8.9m3/hari - 6.7m3/hari
= 16.5 m3/hari
M BODq = M BOD removal - M BODR
= 1157.6 kg/hari - 868.2 kg/hari
= 428.3 kg/hari
M CODq = M COD removal - M CODR
= 1582.5 kg/hari - 1186.9 kg/hari
= #VALUE! kg/hari
M TSSq = M TSS removal - M TSSR
= 546.4 kg/hari - 409.8 kg/hari
= 218.6 kg/hari
Debit lumpur yang keluar menuju ke pengolahan sludge adalah
Q = Q effluen BP I + Q effluen BP II
= 15.5 m3/hari + 2.2 m3/hari
= 41.2 m3/hari

CHECK BALANCE
Q in = q out
Q in BP I = Q effluen + QR + q + Q effluen BP I
9899.5m3/hari = 9884.1 m3/hari + 30.9 m3/hari +10.3 m3/hari + 15.5 m3/hari
9898.4 = 9898.4 m3/hari

M BOD in BP I = MBOD eff + MBOD R + MBOD q + MBOD eff BP I

2095.2kg/hari = 204.3 kg/hari +868.2 kg/hari + 289.4 kg/hari + 733.3 kg/hari
3100.9 = 3100.9 kg/hari

M COD ini BP I = MCOD eff + MCOD R + MCOD q + MCOD eff BP I

2933.3 kg/hari = 324.1 kg/hari + 1186.9 kg/hari + 395.6 kg/hari + 1906.6 kg/hari
#VALUE! = #VALUE! kg/hari

M TSS in BP I = MTSS eff + MTSS R + MTSS q + MTSS eff BP I

1607.04 kg/hari = 96.4 kg/hari + 409.8 kg/hari + 136.6 kg/hari + 642.8 kg/hari
2571.26 = 2571.26 kg/hari
 Efisiensi Removal (%)
Proses Pengolahan
BOD COD
Sumur Pengumpul 0 0
Bak Equalisasi 0 0
Screen 0 0
Grit Chamber 3 3
Bak Pengendap I (BP I) 35 35
Oxydation Ditch (OD) 85 85

Activated Sludge Conventional 90 83

Trickling Filter (TF) 70 70

Secondary Clarifier (SC) 88 73
Sludge Drying Bed (SDB) 0 0
Efisiensi Removal (%)
TSS N P
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
7 - -
60 10 10
85 70 -

85 40 20

75 30 10
50 95 75
0 0 0