By Lia Rosmalia
ALJABAR VEKTOR
• Notasi Vektor
• Perkalian Vektor:
z
Sehingga vektor ditulis v = v vˆ
Dalam koordinat Kartesian k
vektor-vektor satuan ,^x,^y,^z atau ^i, ^
j, k^.
j y
i
➢ Menyatakan titik-titik dalam arah sumbu x, y and z x
Vektor-vektor satuan
z
➢ a = 3î + 4ĵ + k̂
1
➢ |a| = 9 + 16 + 1 = 26 k (3,4,1)
1
➢ Vektor satuan ^
a = (3i^+ 4j
^ + ^k)
j y
26 i
x
Penjumlahan Vektor
NOTES
Vektor a = 2 i
Vektor b = i + j
Trivial
➢ 2 a = 2 x vektor a
Another vector in the same direction but twice as long.
Perkalian Vektor
vektor x vektor - 2 kemungkinan:
d
“dot product”
Sifat-sifat:
1. a•b = b•a z
2. a•a = a2 (cos 0° = 1)
3. a•b = 0 a tegak lurus terhadap b k
j y
Untuk koordinat Kartesian i•i =1, i•j = 0 i
x
Perkalian “dot” dua vektor biasa dinyatakan:
1
Besar (panjang) vektor diperoleh dengan b
teorema Pythagoras: 45 ° a
x
1 1 2
| a | = 2 | b |= 2 cos(45 ) = i
2
1
a • b = ( 2) ( 2 ) =2
2
Sehingga a•b = 2
Rangkuman: Aljabar VEKTOR
Skalar : besaran yang hanya memiliki besar atau magnitude
a•b = |a| |b| cosq Untuk vektor-vektor saling tegak lurus, q = 90°, a•b = 0
AB
projB A = = A cos q
B
ALJABAR VEKTOR (Part 2)
▪ Sifat-sifat
▪ Metode umum
▪ Metode determinan
▪ Contoh-contoh
Perkalian vector: vector product
Vector or cross product a x b - hasil vector
c=axb
c=axb
1. a x b = - b x a
a x b = 0; a sejajar b
a x a =0
Sehingga i x i = 0, j x j = 0, k x k = 0
3. Magnitude dari cross product dua vektor saling tegak lurus a dan b
(|a x b| = a b sinq)
Sifat-sifat vektor/cross product
4. Kartesian z
k
ixj =k
jxk=i “Cyclic permutations” j y
x
i
kxi=j
z
j x i = -k
k x j = -i “Anticyclic permutations” j y
x
i
i x k = -j -k
Vector/cross product:
Metode umum
Metode Determinan
i j k
a a a
axb= x y z
b b b
x y z
Vektor/cross product: Metode Determinan
i j k
axb= a a a
x y z
b b b
x y z
i i j j kk
Untuk i: a y az a x az ax a y
aa
b x= axa y ay azaz = i − j= (aybz –+ akzby)i
by bz bx bz bx by
bx bxby by bzbz
a b = i(aybz − by az ) − j(ax bz − bx az ) + k (ax by − bx ay )
Metode Determinan: Lanjutan1
j ik j k
i j:
Untuk a y az a x az ax a y
a a a
a b = ax ay ax z =yi z = − j + k= - (axbz – azbx)j
bx bx by bybz bz
by bz
bx bz bx by
j k i j k
Untuk ak:
y aaxz −ajy ax az az + k ax ay = (a b – a b )k
a y az = i = b x y y x
by b b
bxz by x bz z b x by
by bz
bz − by az ) − j(ax bz − bx az ) + k (ax by − bx ay )
Metode Determinan: Lanjutan2
i j k
ay az ax az ax ay
a b = ax ay az = i −j +k
by bz bx bz bx by
bx by bz
a b = i (aybz − by az ) − j(ax bz − bx az ) + k (ax by − bx ay )
Tentukan a x b ?
a=2i
b=i+j Jawaban
a x b = 2 i x (i + j) = 2 (i x i) + 2 (i x j) = 0 + 2 k
=0 =k
Sehingga a x b = 2 k
Contoh 2
NOTES
Vektor a = 2 i + j + 3 k
Vektor b = j + 2 k
i j k i j k
ay az ax az ax ay ay az ax
a b = ax ay az = isehingga−aj b = a2x + ka1y a3z = i −j
by bz bx bz bx by by bz bx
bx by bz b0x b1y b2z
a b = i (aybz − by az ) − j(ax bz − bxaaz)b+ =k (ia(ax byby z−−bbxyaayz)) − j(ax bz − bx az ) + k
Volume parallelepiped:
a
V= a•(b x c) - triple scalar product c
b
Contoh dari vector/cross products dalam fisika
MEKANIKA:
a) Torka
t=rxF
b) Momentum sudut
L = r x p (p=mv)
ELECTROMAGNETISM: