Lampiran B (Lap. Kampus) Fixx
Lampiran B (Lap. Kampus) Fixx
PERHITUNGAN
Aliran 19
Ke LPA Recovery
NH3: 15888 kg
Aliran 14 CO2 : 11347 kg
Input dari HPD H2O : 7174 kg
Urea: 115885 kg
NH3: 15888 kg
CO2 : 11347 kg
H2O : 7174 kg
Biuret : 550 kg
Aliran 33
Kondensat Stripper
NH3: 1800 kg
CO2 : 1438 kg Steam Low
H2O : 13522 (Memanaskan)
Aliran 3
CO2Kompresor
CO2 : 1438 kg
Aliran 18 Output
Ke Tangki FA 201
Urea: 115063 kg
NH3: 1326 kg
CO2 : 774 kg
H2O : 6122 kg
Biuret : 561 kg
1. Neraca Massa
1.1 Neraca Massa Design Low Pressure Dekomposer(LPD)
a. Persen Ammonium Karbamat yang Terdekomposisi pada Aliran 14 (Input
LPD dari HPD)
14953 kg/hr
Mol NH₃ mula-mula = =879,5882 kmol
17 kg /kmol
6310 kg /hr
Mol CO₂ mula-mula = =143,37 kmol
44,01 kg /kmol
Mol NH₃ bereaksi = 2x mol CO₂ inlet = 2 x 143,37 kmol
= 286,74 kmol
Reaktan Pembatas = mol CO2 Inlet - mol CO2 Outlet
= 143,37 - 274,22kmol
= 130,85kmol
= 2.437,95kg
b. Aliran 18 ( Outlet ke tangki FA-201)
1326 kg /hr
Mol NH₃ sisa = =78 kmol
17 kg/kmol
774 kg /hr
Mol CO₂ sisa = =733,99 kmol
44,01 kg /kmol
M 78 733,99 - Kmol
= 733,99 x 17kg/kmol
= 12.477,83 kg.
c. Reaksi Dekomposisi
Karbamat Inlet = 11185,9091kg
Karbamat outlet = 1372,0902kg
Karbamat yang terdekomposisi = karbamat inlet – karbamat outlet
= 11185,9091kg - 1372,0902kg
= 9813,8189kg.
berat NH ₂ COONH ₄
Mol karbamat terdekomposisi =
BM NH ₂ COONH ₄
9813,8189
= = 125,8182kmol.
78 kg/kmol
= 17,5909kmol x 78kg/kmol
= 1372,0902 kg
karbamat terdekomposisi
% karbamat yang terdekomposisi = x 100 %
karbamat inlet
11185,9091kg−1372,0902 kg
= x 100 %
11185,9091 kg
= 87,7338%
11 kg
=0,106796 kmol
= 103 kg
kmol
= 0,2136kmol x 60kg/kmol
= 12,8kg
2NH₂COONH₄ → NH₂CONHCONH₂ + NH ₃
M 1931,4167 - - Kmol
= 0,0110%
= 13,4864kmol x 18kg/kmol
= 242,7552kg
S - - 26,9728 13,4864Kmol
= 26,9728kmol
= 26,9728kmol x 17kg/kmol
= 458,5376kg
14953−1326
= x 100 %=91,13 %
14953
01 Januari 2022
128500 kg /h 114584 kg /h
=
total flow aliran 14 aktual 192814 kg /h
128500 kg /h 114584 kg /h
=
total flow aliran 3 aktual 3781 kg/h
128500 kg /h 114584 kg /h
=
total flow aliran 33 aktual 16760 kg/h
b. CO₂
%wt CO ₂ aliran 33 desain %wt CO ₂ aliran 14 desain
=
%wt CO ₂aliran 33 aktual %wt CO ₂ aliran 14 aktual
8,58 % 3,37 %
=
%wt ureaaliran 33 aktual 3,0244 %
%wt CO₂ aliran 33 aktual = 8,58 ¿
c. H₂O
%wt H₂O aliran 33 aktual= 100% - (%wt NH₃ + CO₂)
%wt H₂O aliran 33 aktual = 100% - (10,74% + 7,9078%)
%wt H₂O aliran 33 aktual = 100% - 18,8778% = 81,1222%
a. Urea
Massa Urea = %wt x total flow aliran 14
= 54,8609x 216230,8787kg
= 118626,130kg
b. NH₃
Massa NH₃ = %wt x total flow aliran 14
= 7,92 x 216230,8787kg
= 17133,2732kg
c. CO₂
Massa CO₂ = %wt x total flow aliran 14
= 3,02 x 216230,8787kg
= 6539,7427kg
d. H₂O
Massa H₂O = %wt x total flow aliran 14
= 33,97 x 216230,8787kg
= 6539,7427kg
e. Biuret
Massa Biuret = %wt x total flow aliran 14
= 33,97x 216230,8787kg
= 73455,5599kg
a. Urea
Massa Urea = %wt x total flow aliran 18
= 58,6932x 200678,6375kg
= 117784,6924kg
b. NH₃
Massa NH₃ = %wt x total flow aliran 18
= 0,7571x 200678,6375kg
= 1519,3420kg
c. CO₂
Massa CO₂ = %wt x total flow aliran 18
= 0,3997 x 200678,6375kg
= 802,1808kg
d. H₂O
Massa H₂O = %wt x total flow aliran 18
= 39,9029 x 200678,6375kg
= 80076,6658kg
e. Biuret
Massa Biuret = %wt x total flow aliran 18
= 0,2470 x 200678,6375kg
= 495,7565kg
= 505,342kg
= 710,5786x 17 kg/kmol
= 12079,8356kg
= 148,6350kmol x 78kg/kmol
= 115931803kg
Aliran 18 (Outlet ke tangki FA 201)
1519,3420
a. Mol NH₃ mula-mula= =89,3730 kmol
17 kmol
802,1808
b. Mol CO₂ mula-mula = =18,2313 kmol
44 kmol
c. Mol NH₃ bereaksi = 2 x mol CO₂ inlet
= 2x 18,2313kmol
= 36,4626kmol
= 36,4626kmol x 17kg/kmol
= 619,8642kg
= 52,9104x 17 kg/kmol
= 899,4768kg
= 18,2313kmol x 78kg/kmol
= 1422,0414kg
2. Reaksi Dekomposisi
a. Karbamat inlet = 11593,1803kg
b. Karbamat outle = 1422,04779kg
c. Karbamat yang terdekomposisi = karbamat inlet – karbamat outlet
= 11593,1803kg– 1422,04779kg
= 10171,13kg
berat NH ₂ COONH ₄
Mol karbamat terdekomposisi =
BM NH ₂ COONH ₄
10171,13 kg
= =130,3991 kmol
78 kg / kmol
NH ₂ COONH ₄ +2NH₃ → CO ₂
M 148,6305 - - Kmol
karbamat terdekomposisi
%karbamat yang terdekomposisi = x 100%
karbamat inlet
11593,1803−1422,04779
= x 100 %
11593,1803
= 87,72%
3. Menghitung biuret yang terbentuk
118626,1360kg
= kg = 1977,1023kmol
60
kmol
M 1977,1023 - - Kmol
22,8229 kg
= x 100 %
118626,1360kg
= 0,0119%
818,6296 kg
=13,6437 kmol
Mol urea terhidrolisa = kg
60
kmol
S - - 27,28735 13,6437Kmol
= 27,28735kmol
= 463,885kg
ureaterhidrolisa
% uerea terhidrolisa = x 100 %
urea inlet
818,62996 kg
= x 100 %=0,69 %
118626,1360kg
12079,8356 kg−899,4749691kg
=
12079,8356 kg
= 92,55%
2. Neraca Panas
a. Neraca Panas Desain LPD(DA-202)
Q5 Q6
Q1 LPD (DA-202) Q3
Q4
Q2
Keterangan : Q1 = panas sensible input
Q2 = panas steam
Q4 = panas reaksi
Q5 = panas penguapan
Qinput = Qoutput
Panas Input
1. Perhitungan Panas Sensible
T T
∫ Cp dT =∫ ( A + BT +C T 2 + DT 3 + E T 4 ) dT
td Ttd
T
B C D E
∫ Cp dT =A ¿¿ref ) + 2
(T² - T²ref ) + (T³ - T³ref ) + (T⁴ - T⁴ref ) + (T⁵ - T⁵ref )
3 4 5
Tdt
Kapasitas Panas
Table B.17 Data konstanta kapasitas panas liquid dalam(KJ/Kmol K)
kompone
A B C D
n Table
Urea 966 -5,0993 0,010028 -6,3799E-11 B.18
NH₃ -182,157 3,3618 -0,014398 0,00002037 Data
H₂O 92,053 -0,039953 -0,00021103 5,35E-07
(sumber: Chemical Properties Handbook)
konstanta kapasitas panas liquid dalam(KJ/Kmol K)
Komponen A B C D E
Urea 33,573 -0,012581 0,000088906 -7,1783E-08 1,8569E-11
-2,9872E-
NH₃ 27,437 0,042315 0,000019555 3,997E-09
13
H₂O 33,933 -0,0084186 0,000029906 -1,78E-08 3,6934E-12
(sumber: Chemical Properties Handbook)
T T
=
425
5,0993 1,0028 x 10 ˉ ² 6,3799 x 10 ˉ 6 4
∫ (965,507 T − 2
¿T ²+
3
T ³−
4
T KJ / Kmol ° K ) ¿
298
6
5,0993 1,0028 x 10ˉ ² 6,3799 x 10ˉ 4
= (965507(T –Tref ) ¿ ref ²) + ¿ ref ³) + T ³−T ref ⁴)
2 3 4
6
5,0993 1,0028 x 10ˉ ²
= (965507(425 - 298) ¿) + ¿³) + 6,3799 x 10ˉ 425 4−298 ⁴)
2 3 4
= 17292,43567kJ/Kmol°K
b. NH₃
Cp NH³ diperoleh dar table 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
T T
425 6
3,3618 1,4398 x 10 ˉ ² 2,037 x 10 ˉ 4
= ∫ (−182,15T − 2
¿T ²+
3
T ³−
4
T KJ / Kmol ° K )¿
298
6
3,3618 1,4398 x 10ˉ ²
= (−182,15 (T –Tref ) ¿ref ²) + ¿ref ³) + 2,037 x 10 ˉ T 4 ³−T ref ⁴)
2 3 4
= 15796,33695kJ/Kmol°K
c. NH₂COONH₄(karbamat)
Cp NH₂COONH4 di peroleh pada grafik dari "Urea Blue Book"- Toyo
Koatsu Urea Handbook and TVA Report on Urea Manufacture, Chemical
Process Engineering Division May1966.
T= 152°C= 425°K, %Wt=3,27%didapatkan :
Cp NH₂COONH4 = 1,015 kkal/kg°K
= 4,263 kJ/kgºK x BM NH₂COONH4
= 4,263 kJ/kgºK x 78 kg/kmol
= 332,5140 kJ /kmol ºK
T T
∫ Cpdt = ∫ (, kJ /kmol o K )
T ref T ref
425
= ∫ (, kJ / kmol K )
o
298
d. H₂O
Cp H₂O diperoleh dari tabel 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
Cp H2O(l) = 92,053 – 8,4186 x 10-3T - 2,1103 x 10-4 T2 + 5,3469 x 10-7
T3
T T
5,3469x10-7 dt
425 −3 −4 −7
8, 2,1103 5,3469
= ∫ 92,053 T - T2 - T3 + T4 kJ /kmolºK
298 2 3 4
−3 −4 −7
8, 2,1103 5,3469
= 92,053 T - Tref T2 - T
3+
T4 kJ /kmolºK
2 3 4
−3 −4
8 , x 10 2, x 10
= ( 92,053 (425-298) - (425²-2982) - (4253-2983) +
2 3
−7
5,3469
(4254 -2984) kJ/kmolºK)
4
= 9655,012206 kJ /kmolºK
e. Biuret (NH,CONHCONH,)
Menghitung Cp biuret dengan metode Kopp's Rule di peroleh dari
lampiran B.10 Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes
Cp NH₂CONHCONH₂ = 3 (Cpa N) +2 (Cpa C) + 2 (Cpa O) + 5 (CpaH)
= 3 (33)+2 (12)+2 (25)+5 (18)
= 236 kJ/kmolºK
T T
425
= ∫ ( kJ / kmolºK )
298
b. CO2
Cp CO2(g) diperoleh dari tabel 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
Cp CO2(g) = 27,437 + 4,2315 x 10-2T-1,9555 x 10-5 T² + 3,996 x 10-9T³ -
2,9872 x10-¹3T4
T
2,9872 x10-¹³T4)dt
+ 4 , x−² 2 2 −1 , x ❑−5 + 3 , x ❑−9 4
=(27,437(TTref) (T Tref ) (T³Tref3) (T -Tref4)
2 3 4
−2 , x ❑−13 5 5
(T Tref )kJ/oK)
5
−5
4 , x−² 1, x ❑
= (27,437(408-298) + (4082 – 2982) - (408³-2983)
2 3
−9 −13
3,x❑ 2, x ❑
+ (4084-2984) - (4085-2985) kJ/oK)
4 5
= 4430,225489 kJ/kmolºk
c. H₂O
Cp H₂O(g) diperoleh dari tabel 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
CpCO2(g)=33,933-8,4186 x10-3T+2,9906 x 10-5T²-1,7825 x 108T³+3,69
34 x 1012T⁴
T T
T ref T ref
3,6934 x 10-12T4) dt
−2 −5
8,x❑ 2, x ❑
= (33,933 (T-Tref) - (T
2
- T ) +
ref
2
(T3 - Tref3)
2 3
1,7825 x ❑−8 4 3 , x ❑−12 5
- (T - Tref4) + (T - Tref5) kJ/kmolºk)
4 5
−2 −5 −8
−8 , x❑ +2,x❑ −1,7825 x ❑
=(33,933(408-298) (4082-2982) (4083-2983)
2 3 4
3 , x ❑−12
(4084 - 2984) + (4085 - 2985) kJ/kmolºk)
5
= 3759,2483 kJ/kmolºk
T ref T ref
Panas Output
1. Perhitungan Panas Sensibel
B 2 2 B B B
= A(T-Tref) + (T -T ref) + (T3-T3ref) (T4-T4ref) (T5-T5ref)
2 3 4 5
Keterangan :
Cp = Kapasitas panas (kJ/kmol K)
A,B,C,D,E = Konstanta
Tref =Temperatur Referensi = 298 K (25oC)
T = Temperatur operasi (K)
Komponen A B C D E
NH3 33,573 -0,012581 0,000088906 -7,1783E-08 1,8569E-11
CO₂ 27,437 0,042315 0,000019555 3,9968E-09 -2,9872E-13
H₂O 33,933 -0,0084186 0,000029906 -1,7825E-08 3,6934E-12
(Sumber: Chemical Properties Handbook)
−2 −6
5, 2 1, x ❑ 6 , 3799 x ❑
= (965,507 (T-Tref) - (T -Tref2) + (T3-Tref3) - (T4-Tref4)
2 3 3
kj/kmoloK)
−2 −6
−5 , + 1, x ❑ 6 , 3799 x ❑
=(965,507(402-298) (4022-2982) (4023-2983)- (4024-
2 3 3
2984) kj/kmoloK)
= 14419,0198 kJ/kmoloK
b. NH3
Cp NH3 diperoleh dari tabel 3-2 ChemicalProperties Handbook
Cp NH3(l) =-182,157 +3,3618T-1,4398 x 102 T²+2,0371 x10ˉ⁵T³
T
425
=∫ ¿ ¿
298
−1,4398 x 10 ˉ ² 2 2,037 x 10 ˉ ⁵ ⁴
=¿ref³) T −T ref²)+ (T −T ref⁴) Kj /Kmol ° K
3 4
3,3618
= (-182,157(402-298)+ (402²−298²) -
2
1,4398 x 10ˉ 2 5
( 402³ −298³ ) + 2,037 x 10ˉ (402⁴−298⁴ ) kj/kmoloK)
3 4
=11484,3396 kj/kmoloK
c. NH₂COONH4 (Karbamat)
Cp NH₂COONH4 di peroleh pada grafik dari "Urea Blue Book"- Toyo
Koatsu Urea Handbook and TVA Report on Urea Manufacture, Chemical
Process Engineering Division. May 1966.
T= 129°C = 402°K, %Wt = 0,43 % didapatkan :
Cp NH₂COONH₄ = 1,03 Kkal/kg K
= 4,2 Kkal/kg K x BM NH₂COONH₄
T T
425
= ∫ (327,9276 kj /kmol ° K )
298
=¿
= 34104,47007 kj/kmoloK
d. H₂O
Cp H₂O diperoleh dari table 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
T T
T ref T ref
425
= ∫ ¿ ¿Kj/Kmol°K
298
3 4
−8,4186 x 10 ˉ 2,1103 x 10ˉ
=(92,0537(402-298) (402²-298²)- (402³-
2 3
5,3469 x 10ˉ ⁷
298³)+ (402⁴-298⁴)Kj/Kmol°K
4
= 7847,7288Kj/Kmol°K
e. Biuret (NH₂CONHCONH₂)
Menghitung Cp biuret dengan metode Koop’s Rule di peroleh dari
lampiran B.10 Elementary Principles of Chemical Prosses
= 236Kj/Kmol°K
T T
∫ Cpdt = ∫ ¿¿ ¿ Kj/Kmol°K)
T ref T ref
425
= ∫ ¿ ¿ Kj/Kmol°K)
298
= 3236 Kj/Kmol°K(402-298) °K
= 27352 Kj/Kmol°K
a. NH₃
Cp NH₃ diperoleh dari table 3-2Chemical Properties Handbook
CpNH₃(l)=33,573-12581x10ˉ²T+8,8906x10ˉ⁵T²-
7,1783x10ˉ⁸T³+1,8569x10ˉ11T4
T T
∫ Cpdt = ∫ ¿¿ ¿
T ref T ref
b. CO₂
Cp CO₂ diperoleh dari table 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
Cp CO₂(l) = 27,437+4,2315x10ˉ²T-1,9555X10ˉ⁵T²+3,996X10ˉ9T³-
2,9872X10-13T4
T T
4,2315 x 10 ˉ ² 1,9555 X 10 ˉ ⁵
= (27,437(T-Tref ) + (T²-Tref² )- (T³-Tref³ )+
2 3
3,996 X 10ˉ 9
4
2,9872 X 10−13
(T⁴-Tref ⁴)- (T⁵-Tref⁵ )Kj/°K
5
4,2315 x 10 ˉ 2 1,9555 X 10 ˉ ⁵
=(27,437(387-298)+ (387²-298²)- (387³-
2 3
3,996 X 10ˉ 9 2,9872 X 10−13
298³)+ (387⁴-298⁴)-
4 5
(387⁵-298⁵)Kj/Kmol°K)
= 3540,670Kj/kmol°K
c. H₂O
Cp H₂O(g) diperoleh dari table 3-2 Chemical Properties Handbook
CpCO₂(g)=33,933-8,4186x10ˉ³T+2,9906X10ˉ⁵T²-1,785x10ˉ⁸T³+
3,693410ˉ12T⁴
T T
3
8,4186 x 10 ˉ 2,9906 x 10 ˉ ⁵
= (33,933(387-298)- (387²-298²)+
2 3
1,785 x 10ˉ ⁸ 3,693410ˉ 12
(387³-298³)- (387⁴-298⁴)+ (387⁵-
4 5
298⁵) Kj/Kmol°K)
= 3017,2621 Kj/Kmol°K
= 55604288,88+5200013,225
= 60,804,302Kj
a. Reaksi Dekomposisi
NH2COONH4 2NH3 + CO₂
M 143,4091 - - kmol
B 125, 8182 251,6364 125, 8182 kmol
S 17,5909 251,6364 125, 8182 kmol
Hr298= Hf produk - Hf reaktan
Hr298=((2 x Hf NH3)+(HfCO2)-(Hf karbamat))
Hr298= (2x (-45900)+(-393500) kJ/kmol-(-645050) kJ/kmol
Hr298=141170 kJ/kmol
Hr298 = 141170 kJ/kmol x (n karbamat yang bereaksi)
Hr298=141170 kJ/kmol x 125,8182 kmol
Hr298 = 17.761.792 kJ
(Qinput −Qloss)
Effisiensi = x 100% = 99,90%
Qinput
T
B C 3 3 D 4 4 E
∫ Cpdt = A(T-Tref) + 2 (T2-T2ref) +
3
(T -T ref) +
4
(T -T ref) + + (T5-T5ref)
5
T ref
Keterangan:
Cp = Kapasitas panas (kJ/mol K)
A, B, C, D, E = Konstanta
Tref = Temperatur referensi 298 K (25 °C)
= Temperatur operasi (K)
Aliran 14 (Liquid)
Temperatur aktual = - 152,62 oC=425,56 K
Temperatur referensi = -25°C = 298 K
Aliran 3 (Gas)
Tabel B.11 Perhitungan Q sensibel pada Aliran 19 (Gas)
Komponen Cp dT (kJ/mol) n (kmol) Q(kJ)
CO2 5478,6855 96,3681 527970,3316
Total 527970,3316
Aliran 33 (Gas)
Temperatur aktual = 132,58 oC = 405,58 K
Temperatur referensi =25°C = 298 K
2. Panas Steam
Tekanan inlet aktual : 4,98 kg/cm2G = 70,829544 psia
Tekanan outlet aktual : 5,26 kg/cm2G= 74,811928 psia
Cv opening valve :190
Untuk mencari massa steam aktual menggunakan rumus:
w
Cv =
√ Δ P(PI + P 2)
w
190 =
2.1 √ 3.9824( 09.5076+85.5252)
w = 10534,2848 lb = 4778,25 kg
Q steam = w x
= 4778,25 kg x 2082, 86 kJ/kg
= 14.946.422 kJ
Table B.13 Steam Inlet Secara Akual
Bulan Steam Inlet
01 Januari 2022 5845,97
01 Febuari 2022 5912,23
01 Maret 2022 5861,81
01 April 2022 5901,23
01 Mei 2022 5847,55
01 Juni 2022 5916,94
01 Juli2022 5966,91
Panas Output
1. Perhitungan Panas Sensibel
Aliran 18 (Liquid)
Temperatur actual = 131,44°C = 404,44 K
Temperatur referensi = 25°C = 298 K
Aliran 19 (Gas)
Temperatur actual = 116,44 °C = 389 44 K
Temperatur referensi = 25°C = 298 K
Q Output Sensibel = Q Aliran 18 + Q aliran 19
= 66038311,11 + 6063719,812
= 72.102.031 Kj
a. Reaksi Dekomposisi
NH2COONH4 2NH3 + CO2
M 148,6305 - - kmol
B 130,3991348 260,7982696 130,3991348 kmol
S 18,23138192 260,7982696 130,3991348 kmol
(Q input−Q loss)
Effisiensi = x 100% = 98,50 %
Q Input