LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 ton/tahun

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
Hari Kerja = 1 tahun = 330 hari
= 1 hari = 24 jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 100 kg/jam

Spesifikasi bahan baku = Nitrobenzen = 0.9930

= Air = 0.0010
= Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010

Spesifikasi Produk = Anilin = 0.9900

= Air = 0.0100

Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen Rumus Molekul Titik Didih, oC BM, kg/kmol
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 210.9 123
Air H2O 100 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 184.1 93
Hidrogen H2 -259.2 2
Di-Nitrobenzen C6H4NO2 301 168
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16

A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator

Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
Arus 2 (produk yang diinginkan):
Nitrobenzen = 79.4400 kg/jam = 0.6459 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
Benzen = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
Nitrobenzen = 99.3000 kg/jam = 0.8073 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.1000 kg/jam = 0.0056 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.1000 kg/jam = 0.0006 kmol/jam
Benzen = 0.1000 kg/jam = 0.0013 kmol/jam

Arus 3
Nitrobenzen = 19.8600 kg/jam = 0.1615 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0200 kg/jam = 0.0011 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0200 kg/jam = 0.0001 kmol/jam
Benzen = 0.0200 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
Nitrobenzen 99.3000 79.4400 19.8600
H 2O 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Di-Nitrobenzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Benzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
79.6800 19.9200
Total
99.6000 99.6000

A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor

Konversi = 0.98
Bahan Baku yang Masuk kedalam Reaktor
C6H5NO2 = 79.4400 kg/jam = 0.6459 kmol/jam
C6H4NO2 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam

Perbandingan mol Nitrobezen terhadap H2 = 1:3

H2 = 3.8751 kg/jam = 1.9376 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam

Bahan yang Bereaksi

C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi = Konversi x C6H5NO2 yang masuk
= 0.98 x 79.4400
 = 77.8512 kg/jam = 0.6329 kmol/jam

H2O = H2O yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam

C6H4NO2 = C6H4NO2 yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam

C6H6 = C6H6 yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.001026 kmol/jam

H2 yang bereaksi = (3/1) x C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi

= 3.7976 kg/jam = 1.8988 kmol/jam

CH4 = CH4 yang masuk

= 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam

Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O

Mula-mula 0.6459 1.9376 - -

Bereaksi 0.6329 1.8988 0.6329 1.2659
Sisa 0.0129 0.0388 0.6329 1.2659
Produk yang Terbentuk
C6H5NH2 = 0.6329 kmol/jam = 58.8631 kg/jam
H2O = 1.2659 kmol/jam = 22.7857 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total Reaktor

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
C6H5NO2 79.4400 1.5888
C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0800
H2O 0.0800 0.0800
C6H6 0.0800 0.0800
H2 3.8751 0.0775
CH4 0.00004 0.00004
C6H5NH2 - 58.8631
H2O - 22.7857
Total 83.5552 83.5552

Bahan Yang Masuk

C6H5NO2 = 1.5888 kg/jam = 0.0129 kmol/jam
C6H4NO2 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
 H2 = 0.0775 kg/jam = 0.0388 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 58.8631 kg/jam = 0.3197 kmol/jam
H 2O = 22.7857 kg/jam = 1.2659 kmol/jam

A.3 Flash Tank

5

Flas
4
h
Tan
k

Komposisi = 0.0129 kmol/jam

Bahan YangUmpan
MasukMasuk
C6H5NO2 = 1.5888 6
C6H4NO2 = 0.0800 kg/jam
kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800
kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800
kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0775
kg/jam = 0.0388 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 58.8631 kg/jam = 0.3197 kmol/jam
H2O = 22.7857 kg/jam = 1.2659 kmol/jam

Komposisi Bahan yang Teruapkan

Nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
98% x C6H5NO2 yang masuk = 1.5570 kg/jam = 0.0127 kmol/jam

Di-Nitrobenzen (C6H4NO2)
99% x C6H4NO2 yang masuk = 0.0792 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/j

Air (H2O)
98% x H2O yang masuk = 22.4084 kg/jam = 1.2449 kmol/j

Benzen (C6H6)
98% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.0784 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam

Gas Hidrogen (H2)

100.0% x H2 yang masuk = 0.077502 kg/jam = 0.0388 kmol/jam

Gas Metana (CH4)

 100%
x CH4 yang masuk = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 km

Anilin (C6H5NH2)
0.01% x C6H5NH2 yang masuk = 0.0059 kg/jam = 0.0001 kmol/j

Komposisi Bahan Cair

Nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
2% x C6H5NO2 yang masuk = 0.031776 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/j

Di-Nitrobenzen (C6H4NO2)
1% x C6H4NO2 yang masuk = 0.0008 kg/jam = 0.000005 km

Air (H2O)
2% x H2O yang masuk = 0.457314 kg/jam = 0.0254 kmol/jam
Benzen (C6H6)
2% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.0016 kg/jam = 2.05E-05 kmol/jam

Anilin (C6H5NH2)
99.99% x C6H5NH2 yang masuk = 58.85722 kg/jam = 0.6329 km

Hidrogen (H2)
0.00% x H2 yang masuk = 0.0000 kg/jam = 0.00000 kmol/ja

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) V Keluar (kg/jam) L

C6H5NO2 1.5888 1.5570 0.0318

C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0792 0.0008
H 2O 22.8657 22.4084 0.4573
C 6H 6 0.0800 0.0784 0.0016
H2 0.0775 0.0775 -
CH4 3.87516E-05 3.87516E-05 -
C6H5NH2 58.8631 0.0059 58.8572
24.2065 59.3487
Total 83.5552
83.5552

Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H 2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C 6H 6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
 H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -

(L/V) data = 2.4518

Dengan menggunakan persamaan
Fi (L/V)data Pi
Vi = ((L/V)/ki)+1 Ai = ki ki = P sistem

logP = A + B/T + ClogT + DT + ET2

T trial
Komponen = Fi139.5 C = Pi 412.5
(kmol) (mmHg)K ki Ai Fi
P sistem = 760 mmHg Li = (1+(L/V)*ki)
C6H5NO2 0.0129 101.6479 0.1337 18.3314
C6H4NO2 0.0005 1.1463 0.0015 1625.5992
H 2O 1.2703 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C 6H 6 0.0010 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 0.0388 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 2.E-06 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 0.3197 201.9982 0.2658 9.2246

Total 1.6432

Vi %V Li %Li

0.0007 0.0008 0.0097 0.0289

2.92752E-07 3.57597E-07 0.0005 0.0014
0.7474 0.9130 0.1324 0.3938
0.0007 0.0008 0.0001 0.0002
0.0386 0.0472 2.14181E-05 0.0001
2.41716E-06 2.95257E-06 8.01744E-10 2.38388E-09
0.0313 0.0382 0.1936 0.5756

0.8187 1.0000 0.3363 1.0000

L = Fi
Vi total

= 2.0072

(L/V)hitung = 2.4518

A.5 MENARA DISTILASI

 7

Me
nar
6 a
Dis
tila
si
8

Arus 6

Komponen Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam

C6H5NO2 0.0318 0.0003

C6H4NO2 0.0008 4.7619E-06
H 2O 0.4573 0.0254
C 6H 6 0.0016 2.05128E-05
C6H5NH2 58.8572 0.6329

Total 59.3487 0.6586

A. Massa Masuk Menara Distilasi pada Kondisi Bubble Point

T = 170.11 °C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmH
Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila yi = 1

Komponen (Kmol/jam) xi Pi ki

C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 4.7619E-06 7.23075E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H 2O 0.0254 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 2.05128E-05 3.11478E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 0.6329 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000

Total 0.6586 1

yi αi

0.0002 1.0000
7.76158E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405
Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa suhu pemasukan umpan sebesar 170,11 C
B. Spesifikasi Hasil Yang Diinginkan
B.1 Distilat
• Menentukan Massa Distilat
1. C6H5NO2 = 1% x Massa = 2.58E-06 kmol/jam
2. C6H4NO2 = 1% x Massa = 4.76E-08 kmol/jam
3. H 2 O = 99.00% x Massa = 0.0252 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 1% x Massa = 2.05E-07 kmol/jam
5. C6H5NH2 = 1% x Massa = 0.0063 kmol/jam
Total = 0.0315 kmol/jam

Menentukan Nilai xdi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 2.58E-06
Massa Total = 0.0315 = 8.20552E-05

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 4.76E-08

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 1.51249E-06

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0252

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 0.7989

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.05E-07

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 0

6. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.0063

Massa Total = 0.031484 = 0.2010

• Menentukan Massa Bottom

1. C6H5NO2 = 99% x Massa = 0.0003 kmol/jam
2. C6H4NO2 = 99% x Massa = 4.71E-06 kmol/jam
3. H2O = 1% x Massa = 0.0003 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 99% x Massa = 2.03.E-05 kmol/jam
5. C6H5NH2 = 99% x Massa = 0.6265 kmol/jam
Total = 0.6271 kmol/jam

Menentukan Nilai xbi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 0.0003
Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0004

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 4.71E-06

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0000

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0003

 Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0004

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.0.E-05

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0000

5. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.626545

Massa Total = 0.627079 = 0.9991

Massa Distilat
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xdi
C6H5NO2 0.0003 1% 2.58341E-06 8.20552E-05
C6H4NO2 4.7619E-06 1% 4.7619E-08 1.51249E-06
H 2O 0.0254 99% 0.0252 0.7989
C 6H 6 2.05128E-05 1% 2.05128E-07 0
C6H5NH2 0.6329 1% 0.0063 0.2010
Total 0.6586 0.0315 1.0000

Massa Bottom
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xbi
C6H5NO2 0.0003 99% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H4NO2 4.7619E-06 99% 4.71429E-06 7.51784E-06
H 2O 0.0254 1% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H6 2.05.E-05 99% 2.03.E-05 0.0000
C6H5NH2 0.6329 99% 0.6265 0.9991
Total 0.6586 0.6271 1.0000

C. Perhitungan Suhu Atas (Dew point)

Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila xi = 1

Pt =
1 atm = 760 mmHg
T=
182.7943 °C = 455.9443 K

Massa yi= ki= xi= αi =

Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P yi/ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 2.58341E-06 8.20552E-05 382.3358 0.5031 0.000163 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.7619E-08 1.51249E-06 9.967046 0.0131 0.000115 0.0261
H 2O 0.0252 0.798894751 8030.418 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.05128E-07 6.51535E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.16E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.0063 0.201015166 733.2846 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 0.0315 1 0.284

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T distilat adalah 182,7943°C

D. Perhitungan Suhu Bawah (Bubble point)

Trial pada T dianggap benar apabila yi = 1

Pt = 1
atm = 760 mmHg
T= 184.0100 °C = 457.1599622 K
Massa xi= ki= yi= αi =
Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P xi.ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 394.9502 0.519671 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.71429E-06 0.0000 10.51353 0.013834 1.04E-07 0.0266
H 2O 0.0003 0.0004 8254.673 10.86141 0.004401 20.9005
C6H6 2.03.E-05 0.0000 8202.446 10.79269 0.00035 20.7683
C6H5NH2 0.6265 0.9991 757.0548 0.996125 0.995275 1.9168
Total 0.6271 1 1.000

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T bottom adalah 172,5794°C

Massa Masuk Massa Keluar

Komponen
(kg/gr) Distilat Bottom
C6H6 0.0016 2.E-05 2.E-03
H 2O 0.4573 0.4527 0.0046
C6H5NH2 58.8572 0.5886 58.2686
C6H5NO2 0.0318 0.0003 0.0315
C6H4NO2 0.0008 8.E-06 0.0008
59.3487 1.0417 58.3071
Total 59.3487 59.3487

Produk = 58.2732

Faktor Pengali =
7891.4141
58.2732 = 135.4209

135.4209
am

am
ol/jam

am

am

ol/jam

ol/jam

m
g
 LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 ton/tahun

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
Hari Kerja = 1 tahun = 330 hari
= 1 hari = 24 jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 100 kg/jam

Spesifikasi bahan baku = Nitrobenzen = 0.9930

= Air = 0.0010
= Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010

Spesifikasi Produk = Anilin = 0.9900

= Air = 0.0100

Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen Rumus Molekul Titik Didih, oC BM, kg/kmol
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 210.9 123
Air H2O 100 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 184.1 93
Hidrogen H2 -259.2 2
Di-Nitrobenzen C6H4NO2 301 168
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16

A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator

Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
Arus 2 (produk yang diinginkan):
Nitrobenzen = 10757.8363 kg/jam = 87.4621 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
Benzen = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
Nitrobenzen = 13447.2954 kg/jam = 109.3276 kmol/jam
H2O = 13.5421 kg/jam = 0.7523 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 13.5421 kg/jam = 0.0806 kmol/jam
Benzen = 13.5421 kg/jam = 0.1736 kmol/jam

Arus 3
Nitrobenzen = 2689.4591 kg/jam = 21.8655 kmol/jam
H2O = 2.7084 kg/jam = 0.1505 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 2.7084 kg/jam = 0.0161 kmol/jam
Benzen = 2.7084 kg/jam = 0.0347 kmol/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
Nitrobenzen 13447.2954 10757.8363 2689.4591
H 2O 13.5421 10.8337 2.7084
Di-Nitrobenzen 13.5421 10.8337 2.7084
Benzen 13.5421 10.8337 2.7084
10790.3373 2697.5843
Total
13487.9216 13487.9216

A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor

Konversi = 0.98
Bahan Baku yang Masuk kedalam Reaktor
C6H5NO2 = 10757.8363 kg/jam = 87.4621 kmol/jam
C6H4NO2 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam

Perbandingan mol Nitrobezen terhadap H2 = 1:3

H2 = 524.7725 kg/jam = 262.3863 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00525 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam

Bahan yang Bereaksi

C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi = Konversi x C6H5NO2 yang masuk
= 0.98 x 10757.8363
 = 10542.68 kg/jam = 85.7128 kmol/jam

H2O = H2O yang masuk

= 10.83367 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam

C6H4NO2 = C6H4NO2 yang masuk

= 10.83367 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam

C6H6 = C6H6 yang masuk

= 10.83367 kg/jam = 0.138893 kmol/jam

H2 yang bereaksi = (3/1) x C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi

= 514.2771 kg/jam = 257.1385 kmol/jam

CH4 = CH4 yang masuk

= 0.00525 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam

Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O

Mula-mula 87.4621 262.3863 - -

Bereaksi 85.7128 257.1385 85.7128 171.4257
Sisa 1.7492 5.2477 85.7128 171.4257
Produk yang Terbentuk
C6H5NH2 = 85.7128 kmol/jam = 7971.2943 kg/jam
H2O = 171.4257 kmol/jam = 3085.6623 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total Reaktor

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
C6H5NO2 10757.8363 215.1567
C6H4NO2 10.8337 10.8337
H2O 10.8337 10.8337
C6H6 10.8337 10.8337
H2 524.7725 10.4955
CH4 0.00525 0.00525
C6H5NH2 - 7971.2943
H2O - 3085.6623
Total 11315.1151 11315.1151

Bahan Yang Masuk

C6H5NO2 = 215.1567 kg/jam = 1.7492 kmol/jam
C6H4NO2 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
 H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00525 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7971.2943 kg/jam = 43.2987 kmol/jam
H 2O = 3085.6623 kg/jam = 171.4257 kmol/jam

A.3 Flash Tank

5

Flas
4
h
Tan
k

Komposisi = 1.7492 kmol/jam

Bahan YangUmpan
MasukMasuk
C6H5NO2 = 215.1567 6
C6H4NO2 = 10.8337 kg/jam
kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337
kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337
kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955
kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00525 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7971.2943 kg/jam = 43.2987 kmol/jam
H2O = 3085.6623 kg/jam = 171.4257 kmol/jam

Komposisi Bahan yang Teruapkan

Nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
98% x C6H5NO2 yang masuk = 210.8536 kg/jam = 1.7143 kmol/jam

Di-Nitrobenzen (C6H4NO2)
99% x C6H4NO2 yang masuk = 10.72534 kg/jam = 0.0638 kmol/j

Air (H2O)
98% x H2O yang masuk = 3034.5661 kg/jam = 168.5870 kmol/j

Benzen (C6H6)
98% x C6H6 yang masuk = 10.617 kg/jam = 0.1361 kmol/jam

Gas Hidrogen (H2)

100.0% x H2 yang masuk = 10.49545 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam

Gas Metana (CH4)

 100%
x CH4 yang masuk = 0.00525 kg/jam = 0.000328 km

Anilin (C6H5NH2)
0.01% x C6H5NH2 yang masuk = 0.7971 kg/jam = 0.0086 kmol/j

Komposisi Bahan Cair

Nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
2% x C6H5NO2 yang masuk = 4.303135 kg/jam = 0.0350 kmol/j

Di-Nitrobenzen (C6H4NO2)
1% x C6H4NO2 yang masuk = 0.108337 kg/jam = 0.000645 km

Air (H2O)
2% x H2O yang masuk = 61.92992 kg/jam = 3.4406 kmol/jam
Benzen (C6H6)
2% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.216673 kg/jam = 0.002778 kmol/jam

Anilin (C6H5NH2)
99.99% x C6H5NH2 yang masuk = 7970.497 kg/jam = 85.7043 km

Hidrogen (H2)
0.00% x H2 yang masuk = 0.0000 kg/jam = 0.00000 kmol/ja

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) V Keluar (kg/jam) L

C6H5NO2 215.1567 210.8536 4.3031

C6H4NO2 10.8337 10.7253 0.1083
H 2O 3096.4960 3034.5661 61.9299
C 6H 6 10.8337 10.6170 0.2167
H2 10.4955 10.4955 -
CH4 0.005247778 0.005247778 -
C6H5NH2 7971.2943 0.7971 7970.4972
3278.0598 8037.0552
Total 11315.1151
11315.1151

Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H 2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C 6H 6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
 H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -

(L/V) data = 2.4518

Dengan menggunakan persamaan
Fi (L/V)data Pi
Vi = ((L/V)/ki)+1 Ai = ki ki = P sistem

logP = A + B/T + ClogT + DT + ET2

T trial
Komponen = Fi139.5 C = Pi 412.5
(kmol) (mmHg)K ki Ai Fi
P sistem = 760 mmHg Li = (1+(L/V)*ki)
C6H5NO2 1.7492 101.6479 0.1337 18.3314
C6H4NO2 0.0645 1.1463 0.0015 1625.5992
H 2O 172.0276 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C 6H 6 0.1389 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 5.2477 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 3.E-04 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 43.2987 201.9982 0.2658 9.2246

Total 222.5269

Vi %V Li %Li

0.0905 0.0008 1.3173 0.0289

3.96448E-05 3.57597E-07 0.0642 0.0014
101.2179 0.9130 17.9333 0.3938
0.0906 0.0008 0.0113 0.0002
5.2303 0.0472 0.002900463 0.0001
0.000327335 2.95257E-06 1.08573E-07 2.38388E-09
4.2348 0.0382 26.2154 0.5756

110.8644 1.0000 45.5445 1.0000

L = Fi
Vi total

= 2.0072

(L/V)hitung = 0.0181

A.5 MENARA DISTILASI

 7

Me
nar
6 a
Dis
tila
si
8

Arus 6

Komponen Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam

C6H5NO2 4.3031 0.0350

C6H4NO2 0.1083 0.000644861
H 2O 61.9299 3.4406
C 6H 6 0.2167 0.002777865
C6H5NH2 7970.4972 85.7043

Total 8037.0552 89.1832

A. Massa Masuk Menara Distilasi pada Kondisi Bubble Point

T = 170.11 °C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmH
Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila yi = 1

Komponen (Kmol/jam) xi Pi ki

C6H5NO2 0.0350 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 0.000644861 7.23075E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H 2O 3.4406 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 0.002777865 3.11478E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 85.7043 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000

Total 89.1832 1

yi αi

0.0002 1.0000
7.76158E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405
Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa suhu pemasukan umpan sebesar 170,11 C
B. Spesifikasi Hasil Yang Diinginkan
B.1 Distilat
• Menentukan Massa Distilat
1. C6H5NO2 = 1% x Massa = 0.00035 kmol/jam
2. C6H4NO2 = 1% x Massa = 6.45E-06 kmol/jam
3. H 2 O = 99.00% x Massa = 3.4061 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 1% x Massa = 2.78E-05 kmol/jam
5. C6H5NH2 = 1% x Massa = 0.8570 kmol/jam
Total = 4.2636 kmol/jam

Menentukan Nilai xdi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 0.00035
Massa Total = 4.2636 = 8.20552E-05

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 6.45E-06

Massa Total = 4.2636 = 1.51249E-06

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 3.4061

Massa Total = 4.2636 = 0.7989

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.78E-05

Massa Total = 4.2636 = 0

6. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.8570

Massa Total = 4.263572 = 0.2010

• Menentukan Massa Bottom

1. C6H5NO2 = 99% x Massa = 0.0346 kmol/jam
2. C6H4NO2 = 99% x Massa = 0.000638 kmol/jam
3. H2O = 1% x Massa = 0.0344 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 99% x Massa = 2.75.E-03 kmol/jam
5. C6H5NH2 = 99% x Massa = 84.8472 kmol/jam
Total = 84.9197 kmol/jam

Menentukan Nilai xbi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 0.0346
Massa Total = 84.9197 = 0.0004

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 0.000638

Massa Total = 84.9197 = 0.0000

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0344

 Massa Total = 84.9197 = 0.0004

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.8.E-03

Massa Total = 84.9197 = 0.0000

5. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 84.84723

Massa Total = 84.91966 = 0.9991

Massa Distilat
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xdi
C6H5NO2 0.0350 1% 0.000349848 8.20552E-05
C6H4NO2 0.000644861 1% 6.44861E-06 1.51249E-06
H 2O 3.4406 99% 3.4061 0.7989
C 6H 6 0.002777865 1% 2.77786E-05 0
C6H5NH2 85.7043 1% 0.8570 0.2010
Total 89.1832 4.2636 1.0000

Massa Bottom
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xbi
C6H5NO2 0.0350 99% 0.0346 0.0004
C6H4NO2 0.000644861 99% 0.000638413 7.51784E-06
H 2O 3.4406 1% 0.0344 0.0004
C6H6 2.78.E-03 99% 2.75.E-03 0.0000
C6H5NH2 85.7043 99% 84.8472 0.9991
Total 89.1832 84.9197 1.0000

C. Perhitungan Suhu Atas (Dew point)

Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila xi = 1

Pt = 1
atm = 760 mmHg
T= 182.7943
°C = 455.9443 K

Massa yi= ki= xi= αi =

Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P yi/ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 0.000349848 8.20552E-05 382.3358 0.5031 0.000163 1.0000
C6H4NO2 6.44861E-06 1.51249E-06 9.967046 0.0131 0.000115 0.0261
H 2O 3.4061 0.798894751 8030.418 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.77786E-05 6.51535E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.16E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.8570 0.201015166 733.2846 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 4.2636 1 0.284

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T distilat adalah 182,7943°C

D. Perhitungan Suhu Bawah (Bubble point)

Trial pada T dianggap benar apabila yi = 1

Pt = 1
atm = 760 mmHg
T= 184.0100 °C = 457.1599622 K
Massa xi= ki= yi= αi =
Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P xi.ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 0.0346 0.0004 394.9502 0.519671 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 0.000638413 0.0000 10.51353 0.013834 1.04E-07 0.0266
H 2O 0.0344 0.0004 8254.673 10.86141 0.004401 20.9005
C6H6 2.75.E-03 0.0000 8202.446 10.79269 0.00035 20.7683
C6H5NH2 84.8472 0.9991 757.0548 0.996125 0.995275 1.9168
Total 84.9197 1 1.000

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T bottom adalah 172,5794°C

Massa Masuk Massa Keluar

Komponen
(kg/gr) Distilat Bottom
C6H6 0.2167 2.E-03 2.E-01
H 2O 61.9299 61.3106 0.6193
C6H5NH2 7970.4972 79.7050 7890.7922
C6H5NO2 4.3031 0.0430 4.2601
C6H4NO2 0.1083 1.E-03 0.1073
8037.0552 141.0619 7895.9934
Total 8037.0552 8037.0552
0.98 yield
0.98 konversii
am

am
ol/jam

am

am

ol/jam

ol/jam

m
g
 LAMPIRAN B
NERACA PANAS

Sebagai Basis Perhitungan

Kapasitas Produksi =
62500 Ton/Tahun
Hari Kerja = 330 Hari
Produksi Aniline Perja = 7891.4141 Kg/Jam
Basis Waktu = 1 Jam
Satuan Massa = Kg
Satuan Panas = kJ
Satuan Cp = kJ/mol
Suhu Referensi = 25oC (298,15K)

Data Data yang Diperlukan

Kapasitas panas gas, cairan dan padatan
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (kJ/kmol. K)
Sehingga Cp dT = B C D E
AT  T2 T3 T4 T 5

2 3 4 5
keterangan
Cp = kapasitas panas (kJ/kmol K)
A, B, C, D, E= konstanta
T = suhu (K)

Komponen A B C D E

H2 27.1430 9.2730E-03 -1.3800E-05 7.6450E-09

C6H6 -31.3860 0.4746 -3.11E-04 8.5240E-08 -5.0524E-12
H2O 32.243 1.9230E-03 1.0550E-05 -3.5960E-09
C6H5NH2 -22.0620 0.5731 -4.57E-04 -1.8410E-07 -2.9867E-11
C6H5NO2 -16.2020 0.5618 -3.93E-04 -1.0040E-07 -1.2252E-12
C6H4N2O4 18.1480 0.5618 -3.93E-04 1.0040E-07 -1.2252E-12
CH4 34.9420 -3.9957E-02 -1.9184E-04 -1.5300E-07 3.9321E-11
Sumber Yaws dan Coulson

Data kapasitas panas untuk liquid

Komponen A B C D

H2 28.8400 0.00765 3.29E-01 -8.70E-10

C6H6 -33.6620 0.4743 -0.0036 3.8243E-06
H2O 18.2964 0.4721 -1.3388E-03 1.3142E-06
C6H5NH2 46.9480 0.9896 -2.3583E-03 2.3296E-06
CH4 -0.0180 1.1982 -9.8722E-03 3.1670E-05
C6H5NO2 39.4730 0.9128 -0.0021 2.0093E-06
C6H4N2O4 -12.6350 1.5624 -2.9981E-03 2.3171E-06
Sumber Yaws dan Himmelblau

Kapasitas panas untuk Cooper Carbonate dicari dengan pendekatan pada

Perrys 7th Edition tabel 2-393

Elemen Solid ,J/mol C

Cu 26
C 7.5
O 16.7
H 9.6

Sehingga Kapasitas Panas CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 adalah

Cp CuCO3.Cu(OH) = 162.2 J/mol C Treff = 20 C

Data entalpi pembentukan

Komponen ΔHf (Kj/mol)

H2 0
C6H6 82.9
H2O -241.826
C6H5NH2 86.86
CH4 -74.5
C6H5NO2 67.6
C6H4N2O4 50.8
Sumber Yaws an Himmelblau

Data berat molekul

Komponen Rumus molekul BM
Hidrogen H2 2
Benzene C6H6 78
Air H 2O 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 93
Metana CH4 16
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 123
Di-Nitrobenzen C6H4N2O4 168

Data bilangan Antoine

Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.00002
C6H4N2O4 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.00001
 H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -

B.1 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Mengubah fase Hidrogen cair menjadi uap Hidrogen

Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu feed menjadi 250oC

Q3Qsteam

Q1 Q2

Neraca Energi
ΔH = Hout - Hin
Hin = Hpendingin + Hout
1. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Masuk Heater, Q1
Massa n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
H2 524.7727 262.3863
CH4 0.0052 0.0003
o
Tin = 30 C = 303.15 K
o
Tref = 25 C = 298.15 K

● H2
303.15
Q=n
Cp dT
298.15
303.15
= 262.3863 
298.15
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4 dT

9.27E-03 2 2
= 262.3863 27.1430 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-1.3800E-05 3 3 7.6450E-09
+ 3 303.15 - 298.15 + 4
4 4
303.15 - 298.15

= 40129.7403 kJ/jam
● CH4
303.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
303.15
= 0.000328 4.942 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11 TdT
298.15
-0.04 2 2
= 0.000328 34.9420 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-1.9184E-04 3 3 -1.5300E-07
+ 3 303.15 - 298.15 + 4
4 4 3.9321E-11 5 5
303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
5
= 0.1520 kJ/jam

Q1 = Q H2 + Q CH4
= 40129.7403 + 0.1520 = 40129.8923 kJ/jam
2. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Keluar Heater, Q2
*Hout
Tout = 250 o
C= 523.15 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K

● H2
523.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 262.3863
298.15
 27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4 dT
9.27E-03 2 2
= 262.3863 27.1430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-1.3800E-05 3 3
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 7.6450E-09
+ 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15

= 1720025.5993 kJ/jam

● CH4

Q=n 523.15
Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.000328
298.15
 4.942 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11 TdT
-0.04 2 2
= 0.000328 34.9420 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-1.9184E-04 3 3 -1.5300E-07
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
 4
523.15 4 3.9321E-11 5 5
- 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 4.75040 kJ/jam

Q2 = Q H2 + Q CH4
= 1720025.59928 + 4.75040 = 1720030.34968 kJ/jam

3. Menghitung Kebutuhan Pemanas, Q3

Q3 = Q2 - Q1
= 1720030.3497 - 40129.8923
= 1679900.4574 kJ/jam

Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar

1679900.4574 kJ, panas disupply menggunakan
o
Saturated steam, dengan suhu 300 C dengan tekanan 1 atm, dari properties of saturated
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004 diperoleh data:
λsteam = 909.99 kJ/kg

Sehingga :
Q3 = m.λsteam
Massa steam = Q3
1679900.4574 kJ/mo = 1846.0647 kg/jam
=
909.99 kJ/kg
λsteam

Neraca Panas Total dalam Heater

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q H2 40129.7403 1720025.5993
Q CH4 0.15198 4.7504
Q Steam 1679900.4574 -
Total 1720030.3497 1720030.3497

B.2. VAPORIZER (V-130)

Fungsi : Menguapkan bahan baku Nitrobenzene sebelum
masuk reaktor
Tujuan : - Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer.
- Menghitung kebutuhan pemanas

Arus 3
204.45 o
C Steam 250 oC
Qs

Arus 2
o
30 C Stea 250 oC
m
1. Penentuan Kondisi Operasi Vaporizer (E-121)
Data Komponen Masuk
M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 13447.2999 109.3276
C6H4N2O4 13.5420945 0.0806
H2O 13.5420945 0.7523
C6H6 13.5420945 0.1736

Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer

● Menentukan Kondisi Dew Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760.0
mmHg
T = 210.82 o
C= 483.97 K

Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Dew Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki/xi
C6H5NO2 0.8073 0.9909 766.9869 1.0092 0.9819
C6H4N2O4 0.0006 0.0007 31.3712 0.0413 0.0177
H2O 0.0013 0.0016 12582.7631 16.5563 0.0001
C 6H 6 0.0056 0.0068 14575.28479 19.1780 0.0004
Total 0.8147 1.0000 1.0000

● Menentukan Kondisi Bubble Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760.0
mmHg
T = 204.45 o
C= 477.60 K

Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Bubble Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki.xi
C6H5NO2 0.8073 0.9909 660.6744 0.8693 0.8614
C6H4N2O4 0.0006 0.0007 24.5323 0.0323 0.0000
H2O 0.0013 0.0016 11422.0738 15.0290 0.0236
C 6H 6 0.0056 0.0068 12815.31724 16.8623 0.1150
Total 0.8147 1.0000 1.0000

Suhu keluar vaporizer merupakan suhu pada kondisi operasinya yaitu

pada kondisi bubble point T out = 204.45 o
C= 477.60 K

Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Vaporizer (V-130)

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1
T Larutan = 30 C T reff = 25 C
 = 303.15 K = 298.15 K

● C6H5NO2
303.15

Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

0.9128 2 2
= 109.328 39.47 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 4 4
- 303.15 - 298.15 2.01E-06 303.15 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 97189.7934 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
303.15

Q=n
298.15  Cp dT
1.56240 2 2
= 0.0806 -12.6 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-3.E-03 3 3 2.32E-06 4 4
+ 3 303.15 - 298.15 + - 298.15
4 303.15
= 318.8357 kJ/jam

● C6H6
303.15
Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

0.4743 2
= 0.1736 -33.6620 303.15 - 298.15 303.15 - 298.15
2
3.82E-06
####### 3 3 4
+ 3 303.15 - 298.15 + 4 303.15 - 298.15
= 467.9 kJ/jam

● H2O
303.15

Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

0.4721 303.15 2 2
= 0.7523 18.2964 303.15 - 298.15 + - 298.15
2
1.31E-06
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 303.15 - 298.15 + 4 303.15 - 298.15
= 281.8968 kJ/jam

Panas sensibel masuk, Q1

Q1 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + H2O
Q1= 97189.7934 + 318.8357 + 467.8883 + 281.8968 kJ/jam
Q1= 98258.4142 kJ/jam

b. Panas Laten Penguapan Komponen, Q

 Komponen Tb (K) Tc (K) ΔHv (Kj/mol)

Yaws Yaws Yaws C6H5NO2 483.9500 719.0000 44.0800

Himmelblau C6H4N2O4 572.0000 803.0000 61.5600
H2O 353.2400 562.1600 30.7500
C 6H6 373.1500 647.4000 40.6800
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔHv) digunakan Persamaan Watson:
ΔH2 1 - Tr2 0.38 (Pers 4.13 Smith Van Ness, 200)
=
ΔH1 1 - Tr1

ΔH = ΔH 1 - Tr2 0.38
2 1
1 - Tr1
dimana: ΔH1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
ΔH2 = Panas laten penguapan pada suhu T2 (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T1 = Titik didih normal komponen (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= T dew = 210.82 oC = 483.97 K

● C6H5NO2
ΔH = ΔH 1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1
1 - Tr1

ΔH2 1 - 483.97 719.0000 0.38 = 44.0786 kJ/kmol

= 44.08 x
1 - 483.9500 719.0000

ΔHv =
0.8073 kmol/jam x 44.0786 kJ/kmol = 35.5854 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
1 - Tr2 0.38
ΔH = ΔH x
2 1 Tr1
1 -
ΔH2 1 - 483.97 803.0000 0.38 = 69.5956 kJ/kmol
= 61.56 x
1 - 572.0000 803.0000

ΔHv =
0.0006 kmol/jam x 69.5956 kJ/kmol = 0.0414 kJ/jam

● C 6H 6
ΔH = ΔH 1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1
1 - Tr1

1 - 483.97 562.1600 0.38 = 21.1666 kJ/kmol

ΔH2 = 30.75 x
1 - 353.2400 562.1600
 ΔHv =
0.0013 kmol/jam x 21.1666 kJ/kmol = 0.0271 kJ/jam

● H2O
ΔH = ΔH
1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1 Tr1
1 -
ΔH2 1 - 483.97 647.4000 0.38 = 33.4158 kJ/kmol
= 40.68 x
1 - 373.1500 647.4000

ΔHv =
0.0056 kmol/jam x 33.4158 kJ/kmol = 0.1856 kJ/jam

Q2= Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

Q2= 35.5854 + 0.0414 + 0.0271 + 0.1856 kJ/jam
Q2= 35.8396 kJ/jam

c. Panas Sensibel Uap Keluar (Q3)

T uap = 204.45 C T reff = 25 C
= 477.6 K = 298.15 K

● C6H5NO2
477.60

Q=n
298.15  Cp dT
0.5618 2 2
= 109.3276 -16.2 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2

3
= -4.E-04 3 477.60
3 4 4
- 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
1.00E-07
4

####### 5
+ 5 477.60 5
- 298.15
= 5259818.8569 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
477.60

Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
-4.E-04 3 3 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 1.00E-07 4 - 298.15
+ 477.60
3 4

####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 2633.8489 kJ/jam

● C 6H 6
 477.60
Q=n
298.15
 Cpg dT

0.4746 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 2 477.60 - 298.15
8.52E-08
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 6410.1414 kJ/jam

● H2O
477.60

Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

0.0019 477.60 2 - 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 298.15
2
####### 4
1.06E-05 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
= 6179.9152 kJ/jam

Q3 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

Q3= 5259818.8569 + 2633.8489 + 6410.1414 + 6179.9152 kJ/jam
Q3= 5275042.7623 kJ/jam

d. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas

Q1+Q4 = Q2+Q3
Q4 = (Q2+Q3)-Q1
Q4 = 35.8396 + 5275042.7623 - 98258.4142 (kJ/jam)
Q4 = 5176820.1877 (kJ/jam)

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam yaitu saturated steam pada suhu 300oC dan
dan tekanan 1 atm.
Dari properties of saturated water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
λ = 909.99 kJ/kg

Sehingga:

msteam Q4
= λ
5176820.1877 kJ/jam
= = 5688.8759 kg/jam
909.99 kJ/kg

Tabel Neraca Panas Vaporizer (V-130)

Komponen Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
C6H5NO2 97189.7934 -
C6H4N2O4 318.8357 -
C6H6 467.8883 -
H2O 281.8968 -
Q - 5275042.7623
preheating
Q vaporizing - 35.8396
Q steam 5176820.1877 -
Total 5275078.6019 5275078.6019

B.3. SEPARATOR (H-120)

Fungsi : Memisahkan fase gas dan fase cair yang terbentuk

Tujuan : Menghitung panas setiap arus

Arus 4
204 oC
Separator

Arus 3
20 o
4 C
Arus 5
204 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
3 = 4+ 5
dimana: 3 = Panas sensibel gas masuk separator, Q1
4= Panas sensibel gas keluar separator, Q2
5= Panas sensibel cairan keluar separator, Q3

Untuk menghitug panas masing-masing arus digunakan persamaan:

dimana: Q=H=∑▒〖n∫_(T_reff)^T▒〖C_(p ) dT 〗〗
∫_(T reff )^T▒ 〖 C_p dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ²))+(C/3 x(T^3-
T_reff ³)) +(D/4 x(T^4-T_reff⁴))+(E/5 x(T^5-T_reff⁵))] 〗

1. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Separator sama dengan panas gas yang keluar Vaporizer .
Q1 = 5275042.7623 kJ/jam

2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 4:
C6H5NO2 = 10757.8399 kg/jam = 87.4621 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H 2O
= 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam

● C6H5NO2
477.60
Q=n  Cp
298.15
g dT
477.60
= 87.4621 298. 15 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT

0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 477.60 - 298.15 + 2 477.60 - 298.15

3
+ 477.60
####### 3 ####### 4 4
- 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4

####### 5 5
+5 477.60 - 298.15
= 4207855.0855 kJ/jam
● C6H4N2O4
477.60
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT

477.60
= 0.0645 18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
298.15

0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 1.00E-07 477.60 - 298.15
+ 4
#######
+ 5 5 5
477.60 - 298.15
= 2118.1309 kJ/jam

● C6H6
477.60
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT

 477.60
= 0.1389
298.15
 31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT

0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 8.52E-08 477.60 - 298.15
+ 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 5128.1131 kJ/jam

● H2O
 477.60
Q=n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.6019
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 3 3 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 ####### 477.60 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 3713.5975 kJ/jam

Q2 =
4207855.0855 + 2118.1309 + 5128.1131 + 3713.5975
= 4218814.9270 kJ/jam

Sehingga, panas keluar separator:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3 = Q1 - Q2
= 5275042.7623 - 4218814.9270 = 1056227.8353 kkal/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator (H-120)

Panas masuk (kJ/jam) Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Arus 3 Arus 4 Arus 5
Q C6H5NO2 5259818.8569 4207855.0855 1051963.7714
Q C6H4N2O4 2633.8489 2118.1309 515.7179
Q C 6H 6 6410.1414 5128.1131 1282.0283
Q H2O 6179.9152 3713.5975 2466.3177
4218814.9270 1056227.8353
Total 5275042.7623
5275042.7623

B.4 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu uap Nitrobenzen

Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu menjadi 250oC

Q3Qsteam

Q1 Q2

Neraca Energi
ΔH = Hout - Hin
Hin = Hpendingin + Hout

1. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Masuk Heater, Q1

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 10757.8399 87.4621
C6H4N2O4 10.83368 0.0806
H2O 10.83368 0.7523
C6H6 10.83368 0.1736

*Hin
Tin = 204 oC = 477.60 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298.15 K

● C6H5NO2
477.60

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 87.4621 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4
298.15
- 1.2252E-12 dT

0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
####### 4 4
####### 3 3 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 4207855.0855 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
477.60
Q=n Cp dT
298.15

477.60
= 0.0806
298.15
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1480 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
1.00E-07
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 4
- 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 2633.8489
kJ/jam
● C6H6
 477.60
Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
477.60
= 0.1736 31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15

0.47460 2 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
8.52E-08
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 + 4 477.60 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 477.60 - 298.15
= 6410.1414 kJ/jam

● H2O
477.60

Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
477.60
= 0.7523
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 3 3 4
+ 3 477.60 - 298.15 ####### 4
+ 4 477.60 - 298.15
= 4641.9969 kJ/jam

Q1 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

= 4221541.0726 kJ/jam

2. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Keluar Heater, Q2

*Hout
Tin = 250 o
C= 523.15 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K

● C6H5NO2
523.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 87.4621 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4
298.15
- 1.2252E-12 dT

0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 ####### 523.15 - 298.15
+
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 523.15 - 298.15
= 5706082.1206 kJ/jam
● C6H4N2O4
523.15
Q=n Cp dT
298.15

523.15
= 0.0806
298.15
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1480 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
1.00E-07
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 + 4 523.15 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 523.15 - 298.15
= 3417.6783
kJ/jam
● C6H6
523.15
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT

 523.15
= 0.1736 
298.15
31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT

0.47460 2 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 523.15 - 298.15 + 2 523.15 - 298.15
8.52E-08
####### 3 3 4 4 4
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
####### 5 5
+ 5 523.15 - 298.15
= 8744.0538 kJ/jam

● H2O
523.15

Q=n
Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.7523
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 4
+ 3 3 ####### 4
3 523.15 - 298.15 + - 298.15
4 523.15
= 5855.0194 kJ/jam

Q2 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

= 5724098.8721 kJ/jam

3. Menghitung Kebutuhan Pemanas, Q3

 Q3 = Q2 - Q1
= 5724098.8721 - 4221541.0726
= 1502557.7995 kJ/jam

Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar

1502557.7995 kJ, panas disupply menggunakan
o
saturated steam dengan suhu 300 C dengan tekanan 1 atm. Dari properties of saturated
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
λsteam = 909.99 kJ/kg

Sehingga :
Q3 = m.λsteam
Massa steam = Q3
1502557.7995 kJ/jam= 1651.1806 kg/jam
=
909.99 kJ/kg
λsteam

Neraca Panas Total dalam Heater

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 4207855.0855 5706082.1206
Q C6H4N2O4 2633.84886 3417.6783
Q H2O 4641.9969 5855.0194
Q C 6H 6 6410.1414 8744.0538
Q Steam 1502557.7995 -
Total 5724098.8721 5724098.8721

B.5. REAKTOR (R-210)

Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi Anilin
Tujuan : - Menghitung suhu keluar reaktor
- Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
Arus 6 250 oC

Pendingin Qs
28 oC
Pendingin
Qrx 45 oC

Arus 4 250 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
4 + Qs = 6 + Qrx
dimana: 4 = Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan
6 = Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk
Qs = Jumlah pendingin yang dibutuhkan
 Qr = Panas reaksi

1. Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan

Panas gas umpan masuk reaktor (R-210) besarnya sama dengan panas gas
keluar Heater Nitrobenzen 5724098.872 kJ/jamdan Heater Hidrogen 1720030.35 kJ/jam
Q reaktan = 7444129.2218 kJ/jam
2. Panas Reaksi, ΔHR
Reaksi:
C6H5NO2 + H2 C6H5NH2 + H2O
- Panas reaksi pada keadaan standar (T = 25oC)
ΔHro298,15 = ∆Hof (produk) - ∆Hof
(reaktan)
= (∆H of C6H5NH2 + ∆H of H2O) - (∆H of C6H5NO2 + H2)
= 86.86 + ( -241.83 ) - ( 67.60 + 0 ) kJ/mol
= -222.57 kJ/kmol
- Panas reaksi, ΔHR
ΔHRo523.15 = n ( ΔHro298,15
)
= XA ( n reaktan) ( ΔHro298,15 )
= 0.98 x 88.4687 x -222.57
= -19296.3169 kJ/jam
Q reaksi adalah panas yang diperlukan untuk reaksi di dalam reaktor, dimana
reaksi berupa reaksi eksotermis (ΔHR negatif). Sehingga, perlu ditambahkan
pendingin untuk menjaga suhu optimum sesuai dengan konversi yang diinginkan.

3. Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk

Untuk menghitug panas keluar reaktor digunakan persamaan:

dimana: Q=H=∑▒〖n∫_(T_reff)^T▒〖Cp_g dT 〗〗

∫_(T reff )^T▒ 〖 Cp_g dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ²))+(C/3 x(T^3-
T_reff ³)) +(D/4 x(T^4-T_reff⁴))+(E/5 x(T^5-T_reff⁵))] 〗

Komposisi arus 6:
C6H5NO2 = 215.1568 kg/jam = 1.7492 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7971.2970 kg/jam = 85.7129 kmol/jam
H2O = 3085.6633 kg/jam = 171.4257 kmol/jam

● C6H5NO2
523.15
Q = n  Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 1.7492 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
 298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 1.7492 -16.2020 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 3 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 ####### 523.15 - 298.15
+ 4

####### 5 5
+ 5 523.15 - 298.15
= 114121.6424 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
523.15

Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

523.15
= 0.0645 18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 1.00E-07 523.15 - 298.15
+
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 523.15 - 298.15
= 2734.1427 kJ/jam

● C6H6
523.15

Q=n
298.15 Cp
dT
523.15

= 0.1389 31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT

298.15
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 8.52E-08 4 - 298.15
+ 523.15
3 4
####### 5 5
5 523.15 - 298.15
= 94198.1462 kJ/jam

● H2O
523.15
Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.6019
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
 2
####### 4 4
1.06E-05 3 3 4
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
= 4684.0155 kJ/jam

● H2
523.15
Q=n
Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 5.2477 27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4 dT
298.15

9.27E-03 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 523.15 - 298.15 + - 298.15
2 523.15
-1.3800E-05 3 3
+ 523.15 - 298.15 7.6450E-09
+
3 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15

= 34400.5120 kJ/jam

● CH4
523.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.000328 4.942 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11 TdT
298.15
####### 2 2
= 0.000328 34.9420 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-1.9184E-04 3 3
+ 523.15 - 298.15 -1.5300E-07
+
3 4
4 3.9321E-11
523.15 4 5 5
- 298.15 + 5 523.15 - 298.15

= 4.7504 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
523.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 85.7129
298.15
-22.0620 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57e-4 T3 - 1.841e-7 T4 - 2.9867e-11 T5 dT
0.57313 2 2
= 85.7129 -22.0620 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 4
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
####### 5
5 523.15 5
- 298.15
= 5918417.6087 kJ/jam
● H2O
523.15

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 171.4257
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 171.4257 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
####### 4 4
1.06E-05 3 3 4
+ 3 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
= 1334108.1608 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q produk = ########## + 2734.1427 + 94198.1462 + 4684.0155 +
34400.5120 + 4.7504 + 5918417.6087 + 1334108.1608
= 7502668.9787 kJ/jam

4. Pendingin yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas

Qlepas= (Q produk + Q reaksi ) - Q reaktan
= 7502668.9787 + -19296.3169 - 7444129.2218
= 39243.4401 kJ/jam

Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25oC dan tekanan 1 atm.
Diperkirakan air keluar pada suhu 45oC.
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air = 0.9987 kkal/kg.oC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. ΔT
Qc
mc =Cp. ΔT
39243.4401
= = 469.5695 kg/jam
4.1787 ( 45 - 25 )

Tabel Neraca Panas Reaktor (R-210)

Komponen Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 5706082.1206 114121.6424
Q C6H4N2O4 3417.6783 2734.1427
Q H2O 5855.0194 94198.1462
Q C 6H 6 8744.0538 4684.0155
Q H2 1720025.5993 34400.5120
Q CH4 4.7504 4.7504
Q C6H5NH2 - 5918417.6087
Q H2O - 1334108.1608
Q pendingin 39243.4401 -
Q reaksi - -19296.3169
Total 7483372.6618 7483372.6618
B.6. COOLER 1 (E-221)
Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas produk keluar reaktor
Tujuan : Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
28 oC

Q1 Q2
250 oC 139.53 oC

Qc 45 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
dimana: Q1 = Panas sensibel gas keluar reaktor
Q3 = Panas yang diserap oleh pendingin
Q2 = Panas sensibel cairan keluar cooler 1
Untuk menghitug panas masing-masing arus digunakan persamaan:

Q=H=∑▒〖n∫_(T_reff)^T▒〖Cp_g dT 〗〗
dimana:

∫_(T reff )^T▒ 〖 Cp_g dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ²))+(C/3

x(T^3-T_reff ³)) +(D/4 x(T^4-T_reff⁴))+(E/5 x(T^5-T_reff⁵))] 〗

1. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel yang keluar Condensor
Q1 = 3358498.9810 kJ/jam

2. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 6:
C6H5NO2 = 215.1568 kg/jam = 1.7492 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7971.2970 kg/jam = 85.7129 kmol/jam
H2O = 3085.6633 kg/jam = 171.4257 kmol/jam

● C6H5NO2

Q=n 412.68
 Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7492 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
298.15
 0.5618 2 2
= 1.7492 -16.2020 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 47718.2680 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
412.68
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

412.68
= 0.0645 18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
298.15

0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
1.00E-07 4
####### 3 3 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 + 4 412.68 - 298.15
####### 5
+ 5 412.68 5
- 298.15
= 1273.1909 kJ/jam

● C6H6
412.68

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.1389 31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15

0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 8.52E-08 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 2878.7365 kJ/jam
● H2O
412.68
Q=n
Cp dT
298.15

= 0.6019 412.68 32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT

298.15

0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
= 2350.8332 kJ/jam
● H2
412.68
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT
412.68
= 5.2477
298.15
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4 dT
0.0093 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 7.65E-09 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
= 17448.4735 kJ/jam

● CH4
412.68
Q=n
Cp dT
298.15

412.68
= 0.0003
298.15
4.942 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11 TdT
-0.03996 2 2
= 0.0003 34.9420 412.68 - 298.15 + - 298.15
2 412.68
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
3.93E-11 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 1.9867 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
412.68

Q=n
298.15 Cp
dT
412.68
= 85.7129
298.15
31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT

0.57313 2 2
= 85.7129 -22.0620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 1123864.9289 kJ/jam

● H2O
412.68

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
 412.68
= 171.4257
298.15
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
0.00192 2 2
= 171.4257 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
= ########## kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q2 =
47718.2680 + 1273.1909 + 2878.7365 + 2350.8332 + 17448.4735
+ 1.9867 + 1123864.9289 + 669567.7648
= 1865104.1826 kJ/jam

4. Panas yang diserap oleh Pendingin, Qc

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= 3358498.9810 - 1865104.1826 = 1493394.7984 kJ/jam
o
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25 C dan tekanan 1 atm.
Diperkirakan air keluar pada suhu 45oC.
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air = 0.9987 kkal/kg.oC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. ΔT
Qc
mc =Cp. ΔT
1493394.7984
= = 17869.2979 kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )

Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler 1 (E-221)

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 54650.8610 47718.2680
Q C6H4N2O4 1506.9847 1273.1909
Q H2O 3393.9394 671918.5980
Q C 6H 6 871986.3951 2878.7365
Q H2 19608.8722 17448.4735
Q CH4 783.9192 1.9867
Q C6H5NH2 2406568.0094 1123864.9289
Q pendingin - 1493394.7984
Total 3358498.9810 3358498.9810
B.7. FLASH TANK (H-220)
Fungs : Menguapkan sebagian besar Nitrobenzen dalam campuran produk
keluaran reaktor

Arus 7
139.5 oC

Arus 6
Flash
139.5 oC Tank

Arus 8
139.5 o
C
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
6 = 7+ 8
dimana: 6 = Panas sensibel gas masuk flash tank , Q1
7= Panas sensibel gas keluar, Q2
8= Panas sensibel cairan keluar flash tank , Q3

Untuk menghitug panas masing-masing arus digunakan persamaan:

Q=H=∑▒〖n∫_(T_reff)^T▒〖C_pl dT 〗〗
dimana:

∫_(T reff )^T▒ 〖 Cp_g dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ²))+(C/3

x(T^3-T_reff ³)) +(D/ 4 x( T^4-T_reff⁴))+(E/5 x(T^5-T_reff⁵))] 〗

a. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q 2

Komposisi arus 7:
C6H5NO2 = 210.8537 kg/jam = 1.7143 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 10.7253 kg/jam = 0.0638 kmol/jam
H2O = 3034.5671 kg/jam = 168.5871 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.6170 kg/jam = 0.1361 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 0.7971 kg/jam = 0.0086 kmol/jam

● C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n  Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7143 6.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
298.15

0.5618 2 2
= 1.7143 -16.2020 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
 2
-3.9E-04 3 3
-1.0E-07 4
4 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
-1.2E-12 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 46763.9027
kJ/jam
● C6H4NO2
412.68
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT
412.68

= 0.0638 18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5 dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0638 18.1480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.9E-04 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 1.00E-07 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
-1.2E-12 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 1260.4590 kJ/jam

● C6H6
412.68
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
 412.68
= 0.1361  31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15

0.47460 2 2
= 0.1361 -31.3860 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
8.52E-08
-3.1E-04 3 3 4 4
+ 3 412.68 4
- 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
-5.1E-12 5
+ 5 412.68 5
- 298.15
= 2821.1618 kJ/jam

● H2O
412.68

Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7E+02  32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 1.7E+02 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
1.1E-05 3 3 4 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 -3.6E-09 412.68 - 298.15
+ 4
= 658480.2261 kJ/jam
● H2
412.68
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 5.2477
298.15
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4 dT
0.0093 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-1.4E-05 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 7.6E-09 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
= 17448.4735 kJ/jam

● CH4
412.68
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT
412.68
= 0.0003
298.15
4.942 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11 TdT
-0.03996 2 2
= 0.0003 34.9420 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-1.9E-04 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 -1.5E-07 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
3.9E-11 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 1.9867 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
412.68
Q=n 
298.15
Cp dT
412.68
= 0.0086  -22.0620 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57E-4 T3 - 1.84E-7 T4 -
298.15
2.99E-11 T5 dT

0.5731 2 2
= 0.0086 -22.0620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-4.6E-04 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 -1.8E-07 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
-3.0E-11 5 5
+ 5 412.68 - 298.15
= 244.2101 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q2+ = 46763.9027 1260.4590 + 2821.1618 + 658480.2261 +
17448.4735 1.9867 + 244.2101
= 727020.4199 kJ/jam

b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Keluar, Q3

Komposisi arus 8:
 C6H5NO2 = 4.3031 kg/jam = 0.0350 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 0.1083 kg/jam = 0.0006 kmol/jam
H2O = 61.9299 kg/jam = 3.4406 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.2167 kg/jam = 0.0028 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0000 kg/jam = 0.0000 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7970.500 kg/jam = 85.7043 kmol/jam

● C6H5NO2

Q=n 412.68
 Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0350  39.4730 T + 0.9128 T2 - 0.00211 T3 + 2.01E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 0.0350 39.4730 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3
+ 412.68 - 298.15 2.0E-06 4 - 298.15 4
+ 412.68
3 4
= 751.7266 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4

Q = n 412.68 Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0006  -12.6350 T + 1.56240 T2 - 3.00E-3 T3 + 2.32E-6 T4 dT
298.15

1.56240 2 2
= 0.0006 -12.6350 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
4
-3.0E-03 3 3
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 2.3E-06 4
+ 4 412.68 - 298.15
= 76.1702 kJ/jam

● C6H6
412.68

Q=n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0028 
298.15
-33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4 dT

0.47430 2 2
= 0.0028 -33.6620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.6E-03 3 3 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 3.8E-06 4
+ 4 412.68 - 298.15
= 245.1970 kJ/jam

● H2O
412.68
Q=n
Cp dT
 
298.15
g

 412.68
= 3.4406
298.15
 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

= 3.4406 18.2964 412.68 - 298.15 + 0.47212 412.68 2 - 298.15

2
2
-1.3E-03 3 1.3E-06
+ 3 4 4
3 412.68 - 298.15 + 4 412.68 - 298.15
= 29965.3066 kJ/jam

● H2
412.68

Q=n Cp g dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0E+00
298.15
28.8400 T + 0.00765 T2 + 3.29E-1 T3 - 0.8698 T4 dT

0.00765 2 2
= 0.0E+00 28.8400 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
3.3E-01 3 3 -8.7E-10 4 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 + - 298.15
4 412.68
= 0.0000 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
412.68
Q=n  Cpg dT
298.15
412.68
= 85.70  46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-2.4E-03 3 3
+ 412.68 - 298.15 2.3E-06 4 - 298.15 4
+ 412.68
3 4
= 2016973.0498 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q3 = 751.7266 + 76.1702 + 245.1970 + 29965.3066 +
0.0000 + 2016973.0498
= 2048011.4502 kJ/jam

Sehingga, panas yang masuk flash tank :

Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
= 727020.4199 + 2048011.4502 = 2775031.8700 kJ/jam

Tabel Neraca Panas Flash Tank (H-220)

Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Arus 6 Arus 7 Arus 8
Q C6H5NO2 47515.6293 46763.9027 751.7266
Q C6H4NO2 1336.6292 1260.4590 76.1702
Q H2O 688445.5326 658480.2261 29965.3066
Q C 6H 6 3066.3588 2821.1618 245.1970
Q H2 17448.4735 17448.4735 0.0000
Q CH4 1.9867 1.9867 -
Q C6H5NH2 2017217.2599 244.2101 2016973.0498
727020.4199 2048011.4502
Total 2775031.8700
2775031.8700

B.4 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu uap Nitrobenzen

Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu menjadi 170oC

Q3Qsteam

Q1 Q2

Neraca Energi
ΔH = Hout - Hin
Hin = Hpendingin + Hout

1. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Masuk Heater, Q1

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 4.30313 0.0350
C6H4N2O4 0.10834 0.0006
H2O 61.92992 3.4406
C6H6 0.21667 0.0028
C6H5NH2 7970.497 85.7043
*Hin
Tin = 139.5 oC = 412.68 K
Tref = 25 C = o
298.15 K
● H2O

Q=n 412.68

 Cp dT
298.15


= 3.4406
412.68

 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 3.4406 18.2964 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
3 3 4
+ ####### 412.68 - 298.15 1.31E-06 4 - 298.15
3 + 4 412.68
 = 29965.2966 kJ/jam

● C6H6
412.68

Q=n
298.15 Cp
dT
412.7

= 3.E-03
298.15
 -33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4 dT

0.47430 2 2
= 3.E-03 -33.6620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 3.82E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 412.68
3 4
= 245.1970 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2

Q=n
412.68
Cp dT

298.15
412.68
= 85.70
298.15
 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT

0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 2.33E-06 4 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 - 298.15
+ 4 412.68
= 2016972.3765 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
412.68

Q=n
298.15  Cp dT
0.9128 2 2
= 3.E-02 39.47 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2.01E-06 4 4
+ 3 412.68 - 298.15 - 298.15
+ 4 412.68
= 751.7263 kJ/jam

● C6H4NO2
412.68

Q=n
298.15  Cp dT
1.56240 2 2
= 6.E-04 -12.6 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
3 2.32E-06
+ -3.E-03 3 412.68 3 4 4 4
19.7480 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
= kJ/jam

Q1 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O + Q C6H5NH2

= 2047954.3443 kJ/jam
2. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Keluar Heater, Q2
*Hout
Tin = #### oC = 444.80 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298.15 K

● H2O

Q=n 444.80

 Cp dT
298.15


= 3.4406
444.80

 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 3.4406 18.2964 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 1.31E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 444.80
3 4
= 38610.6875 kJ/jam

● C6H6
444.80
Q=n
298.15 Cp
dT
444.8
= 3.E-03 -33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 3.E-03 -33.6620 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 3.82E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 444.80
3 4
= 346.4803 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
444.80
Q=n Cp dT
298.15
444.80 
= 85.70  46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15

0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 2.33E-06 444.80 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 2626484.8134 kJ/jam
 
● C6H5NO2
444.80

Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

0.9128 2 2
= 0.035 39.47 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
 -0.0021 3 3 4
- 444.80 - 298.15 2.01E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 444.80
3 4
= 978.0620 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
444.80

Q=n
298.15  Cp dT

1.56240 2 2
= 0.00064 -12.6 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
-3.E-03 3 3 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 2.32E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 444.80
3 4
= 104.9953 kJ/jam

Q2 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O + Q C6H5NH2

= 2666525.0385 kJ/jam

3. Menghitung Kebutuhan Pemanas, Q3

Q3 = Q2 - Q1
= 2666525.0385 - 2047954.3443
= 618570.6942 kJ/jam

Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar

618570.6942 kJ, panas disupply menggunakan
o
saturated steam dengan suhu 300 C dengan tekanan 1 atm. Dari properties of saturated
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
λsteam = 909.99 kJ/kg

Sehingga :
Q3 = m.λsteam
Massa steam = Q3 =
618570.6942 kJ/jam= 679.7555 kg/jam
λsteam 909.99 kJ/kg

Neraca Panas Total dalam Heater

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 751.7263 978.0620
Q C6H4N2O4 19.74801 104.9953
Q C6H5NH2 2016972.3765 2626484.8134
Q H2O 29965.2966 38610.6875
Q C 6H 6 245.1970 346.4803
Q Steam 618570.6942 -
 Total 2666525.0385 2666525.0385

B.13. MENARA DISTILASI 1 (D-310)

Fungsi : Memisahkan produk Anilin dan air
Arus 16 138.9 oC
Qc

Arus 15
o
170.11 C Arus 18
Arus 17 #### oC

MD 2 Qr
Arus 21
184.2 oC

Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
15 + Qr = 18 + 21
16 = 17 + 18 + Qc
dimana: 15 = Panas sensibel cairan umpan masuk MD 2 (D-340), Q1
16 = Panas laten penguapan, Q2
= Panas sensibel gas masuk kondensor, Q3
17 = Panas sensibel cairan reflux, Q4
18 = Panas sensibel cairan produk distilat, Q5
21 = Panas sensibel cairan produk bawah, Q6
Qc = Panas yang diserap oleh pendingin pada kondensor
Qr = Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas pada reboiler

Menentukan Kondisi Operasi Menara Distilasi

a. Kondisi Operasi Umpan
Kondisi operasi umpan: P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
Fasa = Cair Jenuh
T = 171.65 oC = 444.80 K

Trial Kondisi Operasi Umpan

xi Pi ki yi α
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
 C6H5NO2 0.0350 0.0004 280.9083 0.3696 0.0001 0.5182
C6H4NO2 0.0006 0.00001 6.0081 0.0079 0.0000 0.0111
H2O 3.4406 0.0386 6189.8280 8.1445 0.3142 11.4194
C6H6 0.00278 0.00003 6602.6352 8.6877 0.0003 12.1810
C6H5NH2 85.7043 0.9610 542.0446 0.7132 0.6854 1.0000

Total 89.1832 1.0000 1.00

b. Kondisi Operasi Puncak Menara

● Dew Point
Kondisi operasi: P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 138.938 o
C= 412.09 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi α
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P xi/ki Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0001 100.1167 0.1317 0.0006 0.5029
C6H4NO2 6.E-06 2.E-06 1.1184 0.0015 0.0010 0.0056
H2O 3.4061 0.7989 2630.6402 3.4614 0.2308 13.2152
C6H6 3.E-05 7.E-06 3460.2298 4.5529 1.E-06 17.3827
C6H5NH2 0.8570 0.2010 199.0620 0.2619 0.7675 1.0000

Total 4.2636 1 6.290.E+03 1.00

● Bubble Point
Kondisi operasi: P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 105.98 oC = 379.13 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi α
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 3.E-04 0.0001 27.8877 0.0367 3.E-06 0.4774
C6H4NO2 6.E-06 2.E-06 0.1439 0.0002 3.E-10 0.0025
H2O 3.4061 0.7989 937.0218 1.2329 0.9850 16.0409
C6H6 3.E-05 7.E-06 1583.1294 2.0831 0.0000 27.1016
C6H5NH2 0.8570 0.2010 58.4146 0.0769 0.0155 1.0000

Total 4.2636 1 2.579.E+03 1.00

c. Kondisi Operasi Bawah Menara

● Bubble Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 184.02 oC = 457.17 K

Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Bawah Menara

Komponen (Kmol/jam) yi Pi ki yi α
 Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0344 0.0004 8256.8840 10.8643 0.0044 10.9032
C6H6 0.0028 3.E-05 8204.1008 10.7949 0.0003 10.8335
C6H5NO2 0.0346 0.0004 303.8360 0.3998 0.0002 0.4012
C6H4NO2 0.0006 8.E-06 10.5190 0.0138 0.0000 0.0139
C6H5NH2 84.8472 0.9991 757.2896 0.9964 0.9956 1.0000

Total 84.9197 1 1.753.E+04 1.00

● Dew Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 184.18 oC = 457.33 K
Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Bawah Menara
yi Pi ki xi α
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P yi/ki Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0344 0.0004 8.29.E+03 10.9028 0.0000 10.8971
C6H6 0.0028 3.E-05 8225.9791 10.8237 0.0000 10.8180
C6H5NO2 0.0346 0.0004 396.7234 0.5220 0.0008 0.5217
C6H4NO2 0.0006 8.E-06 10.5913 0.0139 0.0005 0.0139
C6H5NH2 84.8472 0.9991 760.3961 1.0005 0.9986 1.0000

Total 84.9197 1 1.77.E+04 1.00

*Condensor
*Penentuan Harga q
Karena umpan masuk pada keadaan titik didih nya (bubble point)  i x id
 R 1
m
maka harga q = 1 i  

*Menentukan Kebutuhan Reflux Minimum

Dari persamaan Underwood 9.165 :
umpan masuk menara pada keadaan bubble point (titik didih) sehingga q=1
(cair jenuh)
(1-q) = Σ((αF*XF)/(αF-θ))

Komponen αatas αbawah α rata-rata

C6H5NO2 0.4774 0.4012 0.4377

C6H4NO2 0.0025 0.0139 0.0058
H2O 16.0409 10.9032 13.2249
C6H6 27.1016 10.8335 17.1349
C6H5NH2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Total 44.6223 23.1518 31.8033

Trial θ
θ Hasil
2 -0.9156
8.91 -0.003

Perhitungan Reflux minimum (Rmin)

Rmin +1= Σ((αD*XD)/(αD-θ))
= ((13,2221*0,7975)/(13,2221-8,454))+((17,4043*0,0007)/(17,4043-8,454))+
((1315,6591*0,0012)/(1315,6591-8,454))+((1*0,2007)/(1-8,454))
= 2.4269
R min = 2.4269 - 1
= 1.4269
Jadi nilai refluks minimum sebesar
Rm = 1.2 Rm - 1.5 Rm
diambil R operasi = 1.3 = 1.8549

menghitung Lo dan V
Lo = R x D V = Lo + D
= 1.8549 x 4.2636 = 7.9087 x 4.2636
= 7.9087 kmol/jam = 33.7193 kmol/jam

L' = Lo x F V' = V
= 7.9087 + 89.1832 = 33.7193 kmol/jam
= 97.0919 kmol/jam

a. Komposisi Cairan Reflux, Lo

● H2O = yid x Lo
= 0.7989 x 7.9087 = 6.3182 kmol/jam
= 113.7280 kg/jam
● C6H5NH2 = yid x Lo
= 0.2010 x 7.9087 = 1.5898 kmol/jam
= 147.8485 kg/jam

● C6H5NO2 = yid x Lo
= 0.0001 x 7.9087 = 0.0006 kmol/jam
= 0.0798 kg/jam

● C6H4N2O4 = yid x Lo
= 2.E-06 x 7.9087 = 1.E-05 kmol/jam
= 0.0020 kg/jam

● C6H6 = yid x Lo
= 7.E-06 x 7.9087 = 0.0001 kmol/jam
= 0.0040 kg/jam
Jadi:
Lo = 261.6624 kg/jam

b. Komposisi Uap Masuk Kondensor, V

● H2O = yid x V
= 0.7989 x 33.7193 = 26.9382 kmol/jam
= 484.8875 kg/jam

● C6H5NH2 = yid x V
= 0.2010 x 33.7193 = 6.7781 kmol/jam
= 630.3630 kg/jam

● C6H5NO2 = yid x V
= 0.0001 x 33.7193 = 0.0028 kmol/jam
= 0.3403 kg/jam

● C6H4N2O4 = yid x V
= 2.E-06 x 33.7193 = 5.E-05 kmol/jam
= 0.0086 kg/jam

● C6H6 = yid x V
= 7.E-06 x 33.7193 = 0.0002 kmol/jam
= 0.0171 kg/jam

Jadi:
V = 1115.6165 kg/jam

c. Komposisi Cairan Masuk Reboiler, L' (Arus 19)

● H2O = xib x L'
= 0.0004 x 97.0919 = 0.0393 kmol/jam
= 0.7081 kg/jam
● C6H5NO2 = xib x L'
= 0.0004 x 97.0919 = 0.0396 kmol/jam
= 4.8707 kg/jam
● C6H4NO2 = xib x L'
= 8.E-06 x 97.0919 = 0.0007 kmol/jam
= 0.1226 kg/jam

● C6H6 = xib x L'

= 3.E-05 x 97.0919 = 0.0031 kmol/jam
= 0.2453 kg/jam

● C6H5NH2 = xib x L'

 = 0.9991 x
97.0919 = 97.0091 kmol/jam
= 9021.8483 kg/jam
Jadi:
L' = 9027.7950 kg/jam

d. Komposisi Uap yang dikembalikan ke Menara, V'

● H2O = xib x V'
= 0.0004 x 33.7193 = 0.0137 kmol/jam
= 0.2459 kg/jam
● C6H5NO2 = xib x V'
= 0.0004 x 33.7193 = 0.0138 kmol/jam
= 1.6916 kg/jam
● C6H4NO2 = xib x V'
= 8.E-06 x 33.7193 = 0.0003 kmol/jam
= 0.0426 kg/jam

● C6H6 = xib x V'

= 3.E-05 x 33.7193 = 0.0011 kmol/jam
= 0.08517489 kg/jam

● C6H5NH2 = xib x V'

= 0.9991 x 33.7193 = 33.6906 kmol/jam
= 3133.2230 kg/jam
Jadi:
V' = 3135.2030 kg/jam

Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Kondensor

a. Panas Laten Penguapan (ΔHv)
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (ΔHv) digunakan Persamaan Watson:
ΔH2 1 - Tr2 0.38 (Pers 4.19 Smith Van Ness, 2005)
=
ΔH1 1 - Tr1
dimana: ΔH1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
ΔH2 = Panas laten penguapan pada suhu T2 (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T1 = Titik didih normal komponen (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= 138.94 oC = 412.09 K
● H2O
ΔH = ΔH
1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1
1 - Tr1
ΔH = 30.75 x 1 - 412.09 562.16 0.38
2
1 - 353.24 562.16
= 27.1173 kJ/kmol
 ΔHv =
26.9382 kmol/jam x 27.1173 kJ/kmol = 730.4907 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
ΔH2 = ΔH
1 - Tr2 0.38
x
1
1 - Tr1
ΔH = 86.92 x
1 - 412.09 972.15 0.38
2
1 - 457.25 972.15
= 89.7418 kJ/kmol

ΔHv =
6.7781 kmol/jam x 89.7418 kJ/kmol = 608.2784 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
ΔH = ΔH 1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1
1 - Tr1
ΔH = 44.08 x 1 - 412.09 719 0.38
2
1 - 483.95 719
= 48.7827 kJ/kmol

ΔHv =
0.0028 kmol/jam x 48.7827 kJ/kmol = 0.1350 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
ΔH = ΔH
1 -
Tr2 0.38
x
2 1 Tr1
1 -
ΔH = 61.56 x 1 - 412.09 803 0.38
2
1- 572 803
= 75.1824 kJ/kmol

ΔHv =
0.0001 kmol/jam x 75.1824 kJ/kmol = 0.0038 kJ/jam

● C6H6
ΔH = ΔH 1 - Tr2 0.38
x
2 1 Tr1
1 -
ΔH = 40.68 x 1 - 412.09 647.4 0.38
2
1 - 373.15 647.4
= 38.3804 kJ/kmol

ΔHv =
0.0001 kmol/jam x 38.3804 kJ/kmol = 0.0020 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q2 =
1338.9098 kJ/jam

b. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk Kondensor, Q3

● H2O
 412.09
Q=n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 26.94 32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4 dT
298.15

0.00192 2 2
= 26.94 32.2430 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
1.06E-05 3 3 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 ####### 412.09 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 104670.8476 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
412.09
Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
412.09
= 6.778  31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15

0.57313 2 2
= 6.778 -22.0620 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 ####### 4 - 298.15
+ 412.09
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.09 - 298.15
= 191903.6870 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
412.09
Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
412.09
= 3.E-03  31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15
0.56182
= 3.E-03 -16.2020 412.09 - 298.15 + 2 2
2 412.09 - 298.15

####### 3 3 ####### 4 4
+ 3 412.09 - 298.15 - 298.15
+ 4 412.09
####### 5
+ 5 412.09 5
- 298.15
= 75.0082 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
412.09
Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
412.09
= 5.E-05  31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 5.E-05 18.1480 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 1.00E-07 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
 3
4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.09 - 298.15
= 1.0011 kJ/jam

● C 6H 6
412.09
Q=n
298.15
Cp dT
412.09
= 2.E-04  31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T dT
298.15

0.47460 2 2
= 2.E-04 -31.3860 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 8.52E-08 4 - 298.15
+ 412.09
3 4
####### 5 5
+ 5 412.09 - 298.15
= 2.5398 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q3 =
296653.0838 kJ/jam

c. Panas Sensibel Cairan Reflux, Q4

● H2O
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

 379.13
= 6.3182 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

0.47212 2 2
= 6.3182 18.2964 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 1.31E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 38719.7657 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
379.13

Q=n
298.15 Cp
dT
= 1.59
379.13  46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4dT

298.15

0.9896 2 2
= 1.59 46.9480 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 379.13 - 298.15 2.33E-06 379.13 - 298.15
+ 4
 = 26016.6588 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

 379.13
= 0.0006 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT
0.91277
= 0.0006 39.4730 379.13 - 298.15 + 2 2
2 379.13 - 298.15

####### 3 3 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 2.01E-06 379.13 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 9.7017 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 1.E-05 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

1.56240 2 2
= 1.E-05 -12.6350 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 2.32E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 0.2540 kJ/jam

● C6H6
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.0001 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

0.47430 2 2
= 0.0001 -33.6620 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 3.82E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 2.8928 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q4 =
64749.2731 kJ/jam

d. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Distilat, Q5

● H2O
379.13
Q = n  Cp dT
 
298.15

379.13
= 20.6200  18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT
298.15

0.47212 2 2
= 20.6200 18.2964 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 3 379.13 - 298.15 1.31E-06 379.13 - 298.15
+ 4
= 126364.7574 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 5.2.E+00
298.15
 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT

0.9896 2 2
= 5.2.E+00 46.9480 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 2.33E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 84907.2488 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.0021 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

0.91277 2 2
= 0.0021 39.4730 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 2.01E-06 379.13 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 31.6623 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

 379.13
= 4.E-05 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

1.56240 2 2
= 4.E-05 -12.6350 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 2.32E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 0.8291 kJ/jam
● C6H6
379.13
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

 379.13
= 0.0002 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT

0.47430 2 2
= 0.0002 -33.6620 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2

####### 3 3 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 3.82E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 379.13
3 4
= 9.4408 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q5 =
211313.9385 kJ/jam

e. Panas yang dilepas oleh Pendingin Kondensor, Qc

Qc = Q2 + Q3 - Q4 + Q5
= 21928.7820 kJ/jam

Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25oC dan tekanan 1 atm.
Diperkirakan air keluar pada suhu 45oC.
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air = 0.9987 kkal/kgoC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. ΔT
Qc
mc =Cp. ΔT
21928.7820
= = 262.3901 kg/jam
4.1787 ( 45 - 25 )

Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Reboiler

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk MD , Q1
Panas sensibel masuk MD 2 sama dengan panas sensibel cairan keluaran Heater .
Q1 = 2666525.0385 kJ/jam

b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Bawah, Q6

● H2O
457.17
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
 457.17
= 0.0344
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT
0.47212 2 2
= 0.0344 18.2964 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 1.31E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 457.17
3 4
 = 419.9350 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
457.17
Q=n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 84.85
298.15
 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT

0.9896 2 2
= 84.85 46.9480 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 2.33E-06 457.17 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 6570771.5516 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
457.17

Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT
0.9128 2 2
= 3.E-02 39.47 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 2.01E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 457.17
3 4
= 1056.6921 kJ/jam

● C6H4NO2
457.17
Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

1.56240 2 2
= 6.E-04 -12.6 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-3.E-03 3 3 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 2.32E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 457.17
3 4
= 27.8001 kJ/jam

● C6H6
457.17

Q=n  Cp dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 3.E-03 -33.7 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-4.E-03 3 3 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 3.82E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 457.17
3 4
= 386.0537 kJ/jam

Jadi:
Q6 =
6572662.0325 kJ/jam
c. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas Reboiler, Qrb
Qrb = Q5 + Q6 + Qc - Q1
= 4139379.7145
Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar 4139379.7145 kJ, panas disupply menggunakan
saturated steam dengan suhu 300oC dengan tekanan 1 atm. Dari properties of saturated
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
λsteam = 909.99 kJ/kg

Sehingga :
Qr = m.λsteam
Massa steam = Qr =
4139379.7145 kJ/jam= 4548.8189 kg/jam
λsteam 909.99 kJ/kg

Tabel Neraca Panas Menara Disti (D-330)

Panas masuk Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
(kJ/jam) Arus Arus
Q C6H5NO2 978.0620 31.6623 1056.6921
Q C6H4N2O4 104.9953 0.8291 27.8001
Q H 2O 38610.6875 126364.7574 419.9350
Q C 6H 6 346.4803 9.4408 386.0537
Q C6H5NH2 2626484.8134 84907.2488 6570771.5516
Q pendingin - 21928.7820 -
Q steam 4139379.71 - -
233242.7205 6572662.0325
Total 6805904.7530
6805904.7530

B.14 COOLER
Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas produk keluar reaktor
Tujuan : Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
28 oC

Q1 Q2
184.2 oC 30 o
C

Qc 45 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
dimana: Q1 = Panas sensibel gas keluar reaktor
Q3 = Panas yang diserap oleh pendingin
Q2 = Panas sensibel cairan keluar cooler 1
Untuk menghitug panas masing-masing arus digunakan persamaan:
dimana:

1. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel cairan yang keluar MD
Q1 = 6572662.0325 kJ/jam

2. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 6:
C6H5NO2 = 4.2601 kg/jam = 0.0346 kmol/jam
C6H4N2O4 = 0.1073 kg/jam = 0.0006 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.6193 kg/jam = 0.0344 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.2145 kg/jam = 0.0028 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 7890.7922 kg/jam = 84.8472 kmol/jam

● H2O

Q=n 457.17

 Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.0344 
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4 dT
0.47212
= 0.0344 18.2964 457.17 - 298.15 + 2 2
2 457.17 - 298.15
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 1.31E-06 457.17 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 1951.0776 kJ/jam

● C6H5NH2
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 84.85
298.15
 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT

0.9896 2 2
= 84.85 46.9480 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4
+ 3 457.17 - 298.15 2.33E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 4 457.17
= 2838811.5810 kJ/jam

● C6H6
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15

= 3.E-03 457.17  46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT

 298.15

= 3.E-03 -33.6620 457.17 - 298.15 + 0.4743 2 2

457.17 - 298.15
2
####### 3 3 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 3.82E-06 457.17 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 386.0537 kJ/jam

● C6H5NO2
457.17

Q=n
298.15
 Cp dT

0.9128 2 2
= 3.E-02 39.47 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 2.01E-06 457.17 - 298.15
+
3 4
= 1056.6921 kJ/jam

● C6H4N2O4
457.17
Q=n  Cp dT
298.15

1.56240 2 2
= 6.E-04 -12.6 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-3.E-03 3 3 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 2.32E-06 4 - 298.15
+ 457.17
3 4
= 115.9067 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 2842321.3110 kJ/jam

4. Panas yang diserap oleh Pendingin, Qc

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= 6572662.0325 - 2842321.3110 = 3730340.7215 kJ/jam
o
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25 C dan tekanan 1 atm.
Diperkirakan air keluar pada suhu 45oC.
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air = 0.9987 kkal/kg.oC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. ΔT
Qc
mc =Cp. ΔT
3730340.7215
= = 44635.5979 kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )

Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler 1 (E-221)

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 1056.6921 1056.6921
Q C6H4N2O4 27.8001 115.9067
Q C6H5NH2 6570771.5516 2838811.5810
Q C6H6 386.0537 386.0537
Q H2O 419.9350 1951.0776
Q pendingin - 3730340.7215
Total 6572662.0325 6572662.0325
 Neraca Massa (kg/jam)
ompon rus rus rus rus rus rus rus rus rusrus rus rus rus rus rus rus rus rus 18
C6H5NO 0 0 ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
6H4N2O 0 0 ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
H2O 0 0 ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
C6H6 0 0 ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
H2 ## ## 0 0 0 0 0 ## ## ## ## 0 0
CH4 ## ## 0 0 0 0 0 ## ## ## ## 0 0
C6H5NH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ## ## ## ## ##
Total ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
Komponen Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
C6H5NO2 0 0 10757.8363 10757.8363 10757.8363 2689.4591 10757.8363
C6H4N2O4 0 0 10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 2.7084 10.8337
H2O 0 0 10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 2.7084 10.8337
C6H6 0 0 10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 2.7084 10.8337
H2 524.7725 524.7725 0 0 0 0 0
CH4 0.0052 0.0052 0 0 0 0 0
C6H5NH2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 524.7778 524.7778 10790.34 10790.337 10790.337 2697.5843 10790.337
 Neraca Massa (kg/jam)
Arus 8 Arus 9 Arus 10 Arus 11 Arus 12 Arus 13 Arus 14 Arus 15 Arus 16
10757.8363 215.1567 215.1568 215.1568 4.3031 210.8536 4.3031 0.0430 1.6916
10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 0.1083 10.7253 0.1083 0.0011 0.0426
10.8337 3096.4960 3096.4960 3096.4960 61.9299 3034.5661 61.9299 61.3106 0.2459
10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 10.8337 0.2167 10.6170 0.2167 0.0022 0.0852
524.7725 10.4955 10.4955 10.4955 0 10 0 0 0
0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0 0.0052 0 0 0
0.0000 7971.2943 7971.2970 7971.2970 7970.4972 0.7971 7970.4972 79.7050 3133.2230
11315.115 11315.115 11315.118 11315.118 8037.0552 3267.5591 8037.0552 141.06187 3135.2882
Arus 17 Arus 18 Arus 19
4.2601 4.8707 4.2601
0.1073 0.1226 0.1073
0.6193 0.7081 0.6193
0.2145 0.2453 0.2145
0 0 0
0 0 0
7890.7922 9021.8483 7890.7922
7895.9934 9027.795 7895.9934