LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Hasil perhitungan neraca massa pada prarancangan pabrik amonium nitrat dari amonia dan
asam nitrat menggunakan proses prilling adalah sebagai berikut:

Kapasitas Produksi = 100000 ton/tahun

Jumlah hari kerja dalam satu tahun = 330 hari
Jumlah jam kerja dalam satu hari = 24 jam
ton kg tahun
Maka produksi dalam satu jam = 100000 x 1000 x
tahun ton 330 hari
hari
x
24 jam
= 12626.2626 kg/jam

Tabel A.1 Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus Molekul BM (kg/kmol) Titik Didih (oC)
Asam Nitrat HNO3 63.0129 82.6
Air H2O 18.0153 100
Amonia NH3 17.0306 -33.34
Amonium Nitrat NH4NO3 80.0435 169.6

1. Spesifikasi produk
Spesifikasi produk 98.00% = 0.980 x 12626.2626 kg/jam
= 12373.7374 kg/jam
= 154.5877 kmol/jam

2. Basis perhitungan = 1000 kg/jam

3. Dasar perhitungan
a. Komposisi umpan
1. Amonia : 99.5%
NH3 = 0.995
H2O = 0.005
 2. Asam nitrat : 60%
HNO3 = 0.600
H2O = 0.400
b. Spesifikasi produk
1. Amonium Nitrat : 98%
NH4NO3 = 0.980
H2O = 0.020

A.1. Vaporizer
Vaporize

1 3
r

Komponen masuk ke vaporizer

Masuk = Keluar
Arus 1 + Arus 2 = Arus 3

Arus 1
Larutan amonia yang digunakan terdiri dari 98% dan 2% air
NH3 = Kemurnian x Umpan
NH3 = 100% x 1000 kg/jam
= 995.000 kg/jam
H2O = 1% x 1000 kg/jam
= 5.000 kg/jam

Arus 2
Recycle amonia dari separator
NH3 = 199.000 kg/jam
H2O = 1.000 kg/jam

Arus 3
Keluaran Vaporizer + Recycle
NH3 = 995.000 + 199.000
= 1194.00 kg/jam
H2O = 5.000 + 1.000
= 6.00 kg/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Vaporizer

 Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
NH3 995.0000 199.0000 1194.0000
H2O 5.0000 1.0000 6.0000
1000.0000 200.0000 1200.0000
Total
1200.0000 1200.0000

A.2 Separator

Separator

Komponen masuk ke separator

Masuk = Keluar
Arus 3 = Arus 2 + Arus 4

Arus Masuk (arus 3)

NH3 = 1194.0000 Kg/Jam
H2O = 6.0000 Kg/Jam

Arus Keluar :
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH3 20% 80% 11.6848 46.7394
H2O 20% 80% 0.0555 0.2220
Total 11.7404 46.9614
Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH3 11.6848 199.0000
H2O 0.0555 1.0000
Total 11.7404 200.00
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH3 46.7394 796.00
H2O 0.2220 4.00
Total 46.9614 800.00

Arus 4
NH3 = 995.0000 Kg/Jam
H2O = 5.0000 Kg/Jam

Arus 2
NH3 = 199.0000 Kg/Jam
H2O = 1.0000 Kg/Jam

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)

Komponen
Arus 3 Arus 2 Arus 4
NH3 1194.0000 199.0000 995.0000
H2O 6.0000 1.0000 5.0000
1200.0000 200.0000 1000.0000
Total
1200.0000 1200.0000
A.2 Bubbling Reaktor

Arus 6
Asam nitrat Arus 7
Air Asam nitrat
REAKTOR Amonia
Arus 5 Air
Amonia
Air

Neraca massa total:

Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 5 + Arus 6 = Arus 7

a) Aliran Masuk
Arus 5
Aliran amonia dan Air menuju reaktor
NH3 = 995.0000 kg/jam = 58.42 kmol/jam
H2O = 5.0000 kg/jam = 0.28 kmol/jam

Arus 6
Aliran asam nitrat dan air menuju reaktor
HNO3 = 1/1 x NH3
HNO3 = 1 x 58.424 kmol/jam
= 58.42 kmol/jam = 3681.4813 kg/jam
H2O = 40% x 3681.4813 kg/jam
60%
= 2454.3209 kg/jam = 136.24 kmol/jam
HNO3 total = 6135.8022 kg/jam

Arus 7
Aliran keluaran dari Reaktor
Rasio asam nitrat : amonia = 1:1
Konversi reaksi = 98%
NH3 bereaksi = 0.98 x 58.4242 kmol/jam
57.2558 kmol/jam
HNO3 beraksi = 1 x 57.2558 kmol/jam
= 57.2558 kmol/jam
Reaksi :
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
Mula-mula 58.4242 58.4242 -
Bereaksi 57.2558 57.2558 57.2558
Sisa 1.1685 1.1685 57.2558
 NH3 bereaksi = 57.2558 x 17.0306
975.1000 kg/jam
NH3 sisa = 1.1685 x 17.0306
= 19.9000 kg/jam
HNO3 bereaksi = 57.2558 x 63.0129
= 3607.8517 kg/jam
HNO3 sisa = 1.1685 x 63.0129
= 73.6296 kg/jam
NH4NO3 terbentuk= 57.2558 x 80.0435
= 4582.9517 kg/jam = 0.6508

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
Amonia 995.0000 - 19.9000
Asam nitrat - 3681.4813 73.6296
Amonium nitrat - - 4582.9517
air 5.0000 2454.3209 2459.3209
Subtotal 1000.0000 6135.8022 7135.8022
Total 7135.8022 7135.8022

A.3 Evaporator

Arus 6
Asam Nitrat
Amonia
Air
Arus 5
Amonium nitrat
Asam Nitrat EVAPORATOR
Amonia
Air
Arus 7
Amonium nitrat
Air

Neraca massa total:

Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 5 = Arus 6 + Arus 7

Arus 5
Aliran amonium nitrat, asam nitrat dan air dari reaktor
NH4NO3 = 4582.952 kg/jam = 57.256 kmol/jam
HNO3 = 73.630 kg/jam = 1.168 kmol/jam
NH3 = 19.900 kg/jam = 1.168 kmol/jam
 H2O = 2459.321 kg/jam = 136.513 kmol/jam

Arus Keluar :
Diasumsikan NH4NO3 98% mengangandung air 2%
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH4NO3 100% 0% 57.2558 0.0000
H2O 2% 98% 2.7303 133.7828
Total 59.9860 133.7828
Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 57.2558 4582.9517
H2O 2.7303 49.1864
Total 59.9860 4632.1381
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 133.7828 2410.1345
Total 133.7828 2410.1345
Arus 6
NH4NO3 = 0.0000 Kg/Jam
H2O = 2410.1345 Kg/Jam
HNO3 = 73.630 Kg/Jam
NH3 = 19.900 Kg/Jam

Arus 7
NH4NO3 = 4582.9517 Kg/Jam
H2O = 49.1864 Kg/Jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
Amonia 19.9000 19.9000 -
Asam Nitrat 73.6296 73.6296 -
Amonium nitrat 4582.9517 0.0000 4582.9517
air 2459.3209 2410.1345 49.1864
Subtotal 7135.8022 2503.6641 4632.1381
Total 7135.8022 7135.8022

A.4 Mixing Tank

Arus 7
Amonium Nitrat
Air
MIXING
TANK
 MIXING
TANK

Arus 8
Amonium nitrat
Air
Neraca massa total:
Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 7 = Arus 8

Arus 7
Aliran amonium nitrat dan air dari evaporator
NH4NO3 = 4582.952 kg/jam = 80.043 kmol/jam
H2O = 49.186 kg/jam = 2.730 kmol/jam
Arus 8
Aliran keluar mixing tank
NH4NO3 Arus 7 = Arus 8
4582.952 = 4582.952 kg/jam

H2O Arus 7 = Arus 8

49.186 = 49.186 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 7 Arus 8
Amonium nitrat 4582.952 4582.952
air 49.186 49.186
Subtotal 4632.138 4632.138
Total 4632.1381 4632.1381

A.5 Prilling Tower

Arus 9
Amonium Nitrat Udara kering
Air

Prilling
tower

Arus 10
Amonium Nitrat
Air
Udara kering
 Arus 8
Aliran amonium nitrat dan air dari mixing tank
NH4NO3 = 4582.952 kg/jam = 269.101 kmol/jam
H2O = 49.186 kg/jam = 0.781 kmol/jam

Arus 9
Aliran keluar = aliran masuk

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 9 Arus 10
Amonium nitrat 4582.952 4582.952
air 49.186 49.186
Subtotal 4632.138 4632.138
Total 4632.1381 4632.1381

A.7 Neraca Massa Ball Mill

Aliran 11 Aliran 12
Amonium nitrat Amonium nitrat
Ball Mill
Air Air

Aliran 13
Amonium nitrat
Air

Aliran 11
Merupakan aliran masuk dari prilling tower
NH4NO3 = 4582.9517 kg/jam
H 2O = 49.1864 kg/jam

Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran recycle dari screening
Pada screening partikel yang lolos ayakan (undersize) sebesar 98% dan yang tidak
lolos ayakan (oversize) 2%. Partikel yang tidak lolos ayakan ini akan dikembalikan
ke ball mill. Sehingga,

Neraca massa total:

Umpan masuk + Recycle = Produk keluar
Recycle = 2% dari umpan masuk ball mill
 NH4NO3 = 2% x 4582.9517 = 91.6590 kg/jam
H 2O = 2% x 49.1864 = 0.9837 kg/jam

Aliran 12
Merupakan aliran keluar menuju screen
NH4NO3 = 4582.9517 + 91.6590 = 4674.6107 kg/jam
H 2O = 49.1864 + 0.9837 = 50.1701 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 11 Arus 13 Arus 12
Amonium nitrat 4582.9517 91.6590 4674.6107
air 49.1864 0.9837 50.1701
Subtotal 4632.1381 92.6428 4724.7809
Total 4724.7809 4724.7809

A.9 Neraca Massa Screen

Arus 12 Arus 14
Amonium nitrat Screening Amonium nitrat
Air Air

Arus 13
Amonium nitrat
Air

Aliran 12
Merupakan aliran masuk dari ball mill
NH4NO3 = 4674.6107 kg/jam
H 2O = 50.1701 kg/jam

Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran recycle yang dikembalikan ke dalam ball mill
NH4NO3 = 91.6590 kg/jam
H 2O = 0.9837 kg/jam

Aliran 14
Merupakan aliran keluar screen menuju silo
NH4NO3 = 4674.6107 - 91.6590 = 4582.9517 kg/jam
H 2O = 50.1701 - 0.9837 = 49.1864 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 12 Arus 13 Arus 14
Amonium nitrat 4674.6107 91.6590 4582.9517
air 50.1701 0.9837 49.1864
Subtotal 4724.7809 92.6428 4632.1381
Total 4724.7809 4724.7809
 BM
H 1.00797
N 14.0067
O 15.9994

HNO3 63.01287
H2O 18.01534
NH3 17.03061
NH4NO3 80.04348

Faktor pengali = 12626.2626 = 2.6723

4724.7809
 LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Hasil perhitungan neraca massa pada prarancangan pabrik amonium nitrat dari amonia
dan asam nitrat menggunakan proses prilling adalah sebagai berikut:

Kapasitas Produksi = 100000 ton/tahun

Jumlah hari kerja dalam satu tahun = 330 hari
Jumlah jam kerja dalam satu hari = 24 jam
Maka produksi dalam ton kg tahun
= 100000 x 1000 x
satu jam tahun ton 330 hari
hari
x
24 jam
= 12626.2626263 kg/jam

Tabel A.1 Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus Molekul BM (kg/kmol) Titik Didih (oC)
Asam Nitrat HNO3 63.0129 82.6
Air H2O 18.01528 100
Amonia NH3 17.0306 -33.34
Amonium Nitrat NH4NO3 80.0435 169.6

1. Spesifikasi produk
Spesifikasi produk 0.99 = 0.99 x 12626.262626 kg/jam
= 12500 kg/jam
= 156.165085235 kmol/jam

2. Basis perhitungan = 1000 kg/jam

3. Dasar perhitungan
a. Komposisi umpan
1. Amonia : 0.995
NH3 = 0.995
H2O = 0.005
2. Asam nitrat : 0.60
HNO3 = 0.600
H2O = 0.400
b. Spesifikasi produk
1. Amonium Nitrat : 0.99
 NH4NO3 = 0.990
H2O = 0.010

A.1. VAPORIZER

Arus 1 Arus 3
Amonia Vaporizer Amonia
Air Air

Arus 2
Amonia
Air
Komponen masuk ke vaporizer
Masuk = Keluar
Arus 1 + Arus 2 = Arus 3

Arus 1
Larutan amonia yang digunakan terdiri dari 98% dan 2% air
NH3 = Kemurnian x Umpan
NH3 = 0.995 x 1000 kg/jam
= 995 kg/jam
H2O = 0.005 x 1000 kg/jam
= 5 kg/jam

Arus 2
Recycle amonia dari separator
NH3 = 199 kg/jam
H2O = 1 kg/jam

Arus 3
Keluaran Vaporizer + Recycle
NH3 = 995 + 199
= 1194 kg/jam
H2O = 5 + 1
= 6 kg/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Vaporizer

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
 Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
NH3 995 199 1194
H2O 5 1 6.00000000000001
1000 200 1200
Total
1200 1200

A.2 SEPARATOR
Arus 4
Amonia
Air

SEPARATOR
Arus 3
Amonia
Air
Arus 2
Amonia
Air
Komponen masuk ke separator
Masuk = Keluar
Arus 3 = Arus 2 + Arus 4

Arus Masuk (arus 3)

NH3 = 1194 Kg/Jam
H2O = 6 Kg/Jam

Arus Keluar :
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH3 0.2 0.8 11.6848496236187 46.7393984944747
H2O 0.2 0.8 0.05550843506179 0.22203374024717
Total 11.7403580586805 46.9614322347218
Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH3 11.6848496236187 199
H2O 0.05550843506179 1
Total 11.7403580586805 200
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
 NH3 46.7393984944747 796
H2O 0.22203374024717 4
Total 46.9614322347218 800
Arus 4
NH3 = 995 Kg/Jam
H2O = 5 Kg/Jam

Arus 2
NH3 = 199 Kg/Jam
H2O = 1 Kg/Jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 3 Arus 2 Arus 4
NH3 1194 199 995
H2O 6.00000000000001 1 5
1200 200 1000
Total
1200 1200

A.3 REAKTOR BUBBLE

Arus 5
Asam nitrat Arus 6
Air Amonium Nitrat
REAKTOR Asam nitrat
Arus 4 Amonia
Amonia Air
Air

Neraca massa total:

Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 4 + Arus 5 = Arus 6

a) Aliran Masuk
Arus 4
Aliran amonia dan Air menuju reaktor
NH3 = 995 kg/jam = 58.424 kmol/jam
H2O = 5 kg/jam = 0.2775 kmol/jam
Arus 5
Aliran asam nitrat dan air menuju reaktor
HNO3 = 1/1 x NH3
HNO3 = 1 x 58.424248 kmol/jam
= 58.424 kmol/jam = 3681.4813 kg/jam
H2O = 0.4 x 3681.4813 kg/jam
0.6
= 2454.3209 kg/jam = 136.23551 kmol/jam
HNO3 total = 6135.8022 kg/jam
Arus 6
Aliran keluaran dari Reaktor
Rasio asam nitrat : amonia = 1:1
Konversi reaksi = 0.98
NH3 bereaksi = 0.98 x 58.424248 kmol/jam
57.2557631557 kmol/jam
HNO3 beraksi = 1 x 57.255763 kmol/jam
= 57.2557631557 kmol/jam
Reaksi :
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
Mula-mula 58.4242481 58.424248118 -
Bereaksi 57.2557632 57.255763156 57.2557631557
Sisa 1.16848496 1.1684849624 57.2557631557

NH3 bereaksi = 57.255763 x 17.0306

975.1 kg/jam
NH3 sisa = 1.168485 x 17.0306
= 19.9 kg/jam
HNO3 bereaksi = 57.255763 x 63.0129
= 3607.85167816 kg/jam
HNO3 sisa = 1.168485 x 63.0129
= 73.6296260848 kg/jam
NH4NO3 terbentuk= 57.255763 x 80.0435
= 4582.95167816 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6
Amonia 995 - 19.9
 Asam nitrat - 3681.4813042406 73.629626084812
Amonium nitrat - - 4582.95167815579
air 5 2454.32086949374 2459.32086949374
Subtotal 1000 6135.80217373434 7135.80217373434
Total 7135.80217373434 7135.80217373434

A.4 EVAPORATOR

Arus 7
Asam Nitrat
Amonia
Air
Arus 6
Amonium nitrat
Asam Nitrat EVAPORATOR
Amonia
Air
Arus 8
Amonium nitrat
Air
Neraca massa total:
Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 6 = Arus 7 + Arus 8
Arus 6
Aliran amonium nitrat, asam nitrat dan air dari reaktor
NH4NO3 = 4582.9517 kg/jam = 57.255763 kmol/jam
HNO3 = 73.629626 kg/jam = 1.168485 kmol/jam
NH3 = 19.9 kg/jam = 1.168485 kmol/jam
H2O = 2459.3209 kg/jam = 136.51305 kmol/jam
Arus Keluar :
Diasumsikan air teruapkan 98%
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH4NO3 1.00 0 57.2557631557315 0
H2O 0.02 0.98 2.73026105560806 133.782791724795
Total 59.9860242113395 133.782791724795
 Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 57.2557631557315 4582.95167815579
H2O 2.73026105560806 49.1864173898747
Total 59.9860242113395 4632.13809554567
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 0 0
H2O 133.782791724795 2410.13445210386
Total 133.782791724795 2410.13445210386

Arus 7
NH4NO3 = 0 Kg/Jam
H2O = 2410.1344521 Kg/Jam
HNO3 = 73.6296260848 Kg/Jam
NH3 = 19.9 Kg/Jam

Arus 8
NH4NO3 = 4582.95167816 Kg/Jam 99%
H2O = 49.1864173899 Kg/Jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 6 Arus 7 Arus 8
Amonia 19.9 19.9 -
Asam Nitrat 73.629626084812 73.629626085 -
Amonium nitrat 4582.95167815579 0 4582.95167816
air 2459.32086949374 2410.1344521 49.1864173899
Subtotal 7135.80217373434 2503.6640782 4632.13809555
Total 7135.80217373434 7135.80217373434

A.7 PRILLING TOWER

Arus 16
Arus 14 Udara
Amonium
Nitrat
Air

Prilling Tower
 Prilling Tower

Arus 17
Amonium
Nitrat
Arus 15Air
Udara

Neraca massa total :

14 + 15 = 16 + 17
Perbandingan udara yang masuk dengan feed = 2 : 1 (Mc Ketta, 1984)
Konsentrasi NH4NO3 keluaran evaporator sebesar 98% (Keyes)

Arus Masuk :
Arus 14
NH4NO3 = 4582.95167816 Kg/Jam
H2O = 49.1864173899 Kg/Jam
Arus 15
Udara = 2x Arus 14
= 2x 4632.1381 Kg/Jam
= 9264.27619109 Kg/Jam

Arus Keluar :
Arus 16
NH4NO3 = 4582.95167816 Kg/Jam
H2O = 2% x 49.1864173899 Kg/Jam
= 0.9837283478 Kg/Jam
Arus 17
Komposisi udara 78% N2 dan 22% O2
N2 = 78% x Arus 15
= 78% x 9264.2762 Kg/Jam
 = 7226.1354 Kg/Jam
O2 = 22% x Arus 15
= 22% x 9264.2762 Kg/Jam
= 2038.14076204 Kg/Jam
H2O = 98% x 49.1864173899 Kg/Jam
= 48.2026890421 Kg/Jam
Menghitung kadar debu NH4NO3 yang terikut udara
NH4NO3 = 2E-08 x 4582.95167816 Kg/Jam
= 0.00009166 Kg/Jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 14 Arus 15 Arus 16 Arus 17
Nitrogen - 7226.1354 7226.1354 -
Oksigen - 2038.140762 2038.140762 -
Amonium nitrat 4582.95167816 - 9.1659034E-05 4582.9516782
air 49.1864173899 - 48.202689042 0.9837283478
Subtotal 4632.13809555 9264.2762 9312.4790 4583.9354065
Total 13896.414 13896.414

A.5 BALL MILL

Aliran 12 Aliran 13
Amonium nitrat Ball Mill Amonium nitrat
Air Air
Aliran 14
Amonium nitrat
Air
Aliran 12
Merupakan aliran masuk dari prilling tower
NH4NO3 = 4582.95167816 kg/jam
H2O = 0.9837283478 kg/jam

Aliran 14
 Merupakan aliran recycle dari screening
Pada screening partikel yang lolos ayakan (undersize) sebesar 98% dan
yang tidak lolos ayakan (oversize) 2%. Partikel yang tidak lolos ayakan
ini akan dikembalikan ke ball mill.
Neraca massa total:
Umpan masuk + Recycle = Produk keluar
Recycle = 0.02 dari umpan masuk ball mill
NH4NO3 = 0.02 x 4582.9516782 = 91.6590335631 kg/jam
H2O = 0.02 x 0.9837283478 = 0.01967456696 kg/jam

Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran keluar menuju screen
NH4NO3 = 4582.95167816 + 91.659034 = 4674.61071172 kg/jam
H2O = 0.9837283478 + 0.0196746 = 1.00340291475 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 17 Arus 19 Arus 18
Amonium nitrat 4582.95167816 91.6590335631158 4674.61071171891
air 0.9837283478 0.01967456695595 1.00340291475345
Subtotal 4583.9354065 91.6787081300718 4675.61411463366
Total 4675.61411463366 4675.61411463366

A.6 SCREENER

Arus 13 Arus 15
Amonium nitrat Screener Amonium nitrat
Air Air

Arus 14
Amonium nitrat
Air
Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran masuk dari ball mill
NH4NO3 = 4674.61071172 kg/jam
H2O = 1.00340291475 kg/jam
Aliran 14
Merupakan aliran recycle yang dikembalikan ke dalam ball mill
NH4NO3 = 91.6590335631 kg/jam
H2O = 0.01967456696 kg/jam
Aliran 15
Merupakan aliran keluar screen menuju silo
NH4NO3 = 4674.61071 - 91.659034 = 4582.95167816 kg/jam
H2O = 1.00340291 - 0.0196746 = 0.9837283478 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 18 Arus 19 Arus 20
Amonium nitrat 4674.61071171891 91.659033563 4582.95167816
air 1.00340291475345 0.019674567 0.9837283478
Subtotal 4675.61411463366 91.67870813 4583.9354065
Total 4675.61411463366 4675.61411463366
 keterangan warna:
= disamakan (sudah dibenarkan)
= dicek dan diperhatikan lagi
= link perhitungan faktor pengali

BM
H 1.00797
N 14.0067
O 15.9994

HNO3 63.01287
H2O 18.01534
NH3 17.03061
NH4NO3 80.04348

Faktor pengali = 12626.2626 = 2.7005

4675.6141
 LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Hasil perhitungan neraca massa pada prarancangan pabrik amonium nitrat dari amonia
dan asam nitrat menggunakan proses prilling adalah sebagai berikut:

Kapasitas Produksi = 100000 ton/tahun

Jumlah hari kerja dalam satu tahun = 330 hari
Jumlah jam kerja dalam satu hari = 24 jam
Maka produksi dalam ton kg tahun
= 100000 x 1000 x
satu jam tahun ton 330 hari
hari
x
24 jam
= 12626.2626263 kg/jam

Tabel A.1 Data Physical Properties

Komponen Rumus Molekul BM (kg/kmol) Titik Didih (oC)
Asam Nitrat HNO3 63.0129 82.6
Air H2O 18.01528 100
Amonia NH3 17.0306 -33.34
Amonium Nitrat NH4NO3 80.0435 169.6

1. Spesifikasi produk
Spesifikasi produk 0.99 = 0.99 x 12626.262626 kg/jam
= 12500 kg/jam
= 156.165085235 kmol/jam

2. Basis perhitungan = 2700.4501 kg/jam

3. Dasar perhitungan
a. Komposisi umpan
1. Amonia : 0.995
NH3 = 0.995
H2O = 0.005
2. Asam nitrat : 0.60
HNO3 = 0.600
H2O = 0.400
b. Spesifikasi produk
1. Amonium Nitrat : 0.99
 NH4NO3 = 0.990
H2O = 0.010

A.1. VAPORIZER

Arus 1 Arus 3
Amonia Vaporizer Amonia
Air Air

Arus 2
Amonia
Air
Komponen masuk ke vaporizer
Masuk = Keluar
Arus 1 + Arus 2 = Arus 3

Arus 1
Larutan amonia yang digunakan terdiri dari 98% dan 2% air
NH3 = Kemurnian x Umpan
NH3 = 0.995 x 2700.5 kg/jam
= 2686.9479 kg/jam
H2O = 0.005 x 2700 kg/jam
= 13.502251 kg/jam

Arus 2
Recycle amonia dari separator
NH3 = 537.38957 kg/jam
H2O = 2.7004501 kg/jam

Arus 3
Keluaran Vaporizer + Recycle
NH3 = 2686.9479 + 537.38957
= 3224.3374 kg/jam
H2O = 13.502251 + 2.7004501
= 16.202701 kg/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Vaporizer

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
 Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
NH3 2686.94785436 537.38957087 3224.33742523227
H2O 13.5022505244 2.7004501049 16.2027006293079
2700.45010488 540.09002098 3240.54012586158
Total
3240.54012586158 3240.54012586158

A.2 SEPARATOR
Arus 4
Amonia
Air

SEPARATOR
Arus 3
Amonia
Air
Arus 2
Amonia
Air
Komponen masuk ke separator
Masuk = Keluar
Arus 3 = Arus 2 + Arus 4

Arus Masuk (arus 3)

NH3 = 3224.33742523 Kg/Jam
H2O = 16.2027006293 Kg/Jam

Arus Keluar :
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH3 0.2 0.8 31.5543533916624 126.21741356665
H2O 0.2 0.8 0.1498977592846 0.5995910371384
Total 31.704251150947 126.817004603788
Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH3 31.5543533916624 537.389570872046
H2O 0.1498977592846 2.70045010488465
Total 31.704251150947 540.090020976931
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
 NH3 126.21741356665 2149.55828348818
H2O 0.5995910371384 10.8018004195386
Total 126.817004603788 2160.36008390772
Arus 4
NH3 = 2686.94785436 Kg/Jam
H2O = 13.5022505244 Kg/Jam

Arus 2
NH3 = 537.389570872 Kg/Jam
H2O = 2.70045010488 Kg/Jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Masuk (Kg/Jam) Keluar (Kg/Jam)
Komponen
Arus 3 Arus 2 Arus 4
NH3 3224.33742523227 537.38957087 2686.94785436
H2O 16.2027006293079 2.7004501049 13.5022505244
3240.54012586158 540.09002098 2700.45010488
Total
3240.54012586158 3240.54012586158

A.3 REAKTOR BUBBLE

Arus 5
Asam nitrat Arus 6
Air Amonium Nitrat
REAKTOR Asam nitrat
Arus 4 Amonia
Amonia Air
Air

Neraca massa total:

Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 4 + Arus 5 = Arus 6

a) Aliran Masuk
Arus 4
Aliran amonia dan Air menuju reaktor
NH3 = 2686.9479 kg/jam = 157.77 kmol/jam
H2O = 13.502251 kg/jam = 0.7495 kmol/jam
Arus 5
Aliran asam nitrat dan air menuju reaktor
HNO3 = 1/1 x NH3
HNO3 = 1 x 157.77177 kmol/jam
= 157.77 kmol/jam = 9941.6566 kg/jam
H2O = 0.4 x 9941.6566 kg/jam
0.6
= 6627.771 kg/jam = 367.8972 kmol/jam
HNO3 total = 16569.428 kg/jam
Arus 6
Aliran keluaran dari Reaktor
Rasio asam nitrat : amonia = 1:1
Konversi reaksi = 0.98
NH3 bereaksi = 0.98 x 157.77177 kmol/jam
154.616331619 kmol/jam
HNO3 beraksi = 1 x 154.61633 kmol/jam
= 154.616331619 kmol/jam
Reaksi :
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
Mula-mula 157.771767 157.77176696 -
Bereaksi 154.616332 154.61633162 154.616331619
Sisa 3.15543534 3.1554353392 154.616331619

NH3 bereaksi = 154.61633 x 17.0306

2633.20889727 kg/jam
NH3 sisa = 3.1554353 x 17.0306
= 53.7389570872 kg/jam
HNO3 bereaksi = 154.61633 x 63.0129
= 9742.82344268 kg/jam
HNO3 sisa = 3.1554353 x 63.0129
= 198.833131483 kg/jam
NH4NO3 terbentuk= 154.61633 x 80.0435
= 12376.03234 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6
Amonia 2686.94785436 - 53.7389570872047
 Asam nitrat - 9941.65657416742 198.833131483349
Amonium nitrat - - 12376.0323399571
air 13.5022505244 6627.77104944495 6641.27329996937
Subtotal 2700.45010488 16569.4276236124 19269.877728497
Total 19269.877728497 19269.877728497

A.4 EVAPORATOR

Arus 7
Asam Nitrat
Amonia
Air
Arus 6
Amonium nitrat
Asam Nitrat EVAPORATOR
Amonia
Air
Arus 8
Amonium nitrat
Air
Neraca massa total:
Arus masuk = Arus keluar
Arus 6 = Arus 7 + Arus 8
Arus 6
Aliran amonium nitrat, asam nitrat dan air dari reaktor
NH4NO3 = 12376.032 kg/jam = 154.61633 kmol/jam
HNO3 = 198.83313 kg/jam = 3.1554353 kmol/jam
NH3 = 53.738957 kg/jam = 3.1554353 kmol/jam
H2O = 6641.2733 kg/jam = 368.64669 kmol/jam
Arus Keluar :
Diasumsikan air teruapkan 98%
Ratio L/V
Komponen %L %V L (Kmol/Jam) V (Kmol/Jam)
NH4NO3 1.00 0 154.616331619146 0
H2O 0.02 0.98 7.37293375397926 361.273753944983
Total 161.989265373125 361.273753944983
 Liquid
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 154.616331619146 12376.0323399571
H2O 7.37293375397926 132.825465999387
Total 161.989265373125 12508.8578059565
Vapour
Komponen n (Kmol/Jam) Massa (Kg/Jam)
NH4NO3 0 0
H2O 361.273753944983 6508.44783396998
Total 361.273753944983 6508.44783396998

Arus 7
NH4NO3 = 0 Kg/Jam
H2O = 6508.44783397 Kg/Jam
HNO3 = 198.833131483 Kg/Jam
NH3 = 53.7389570872 Kg/Jam

Arus 8
NH4NO3 = 12376.03234 Kg/Jam 99%
H2O = 132.825465999 Kg/Jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 6 Arus 7 Arus 8
Amonia 53.7389570872047 53.738957087 -
Asam Nitrat 198.833131483349 198.83313148 -
Amonium nitrat 12376.0323399571 0 12376.03234
air 6641.27329996937 6508.447834 132.825465999
Subtotal 19269.877728497 6761.0199225 12508.857806
Total 19269.877728497 19269.877728497

A.7 PRILLING TOWER

Arus 16
Arus 14 Udara
Amonium
Nitrat
Air

Prilling Tower
 Prilling Tower

Arus 17
Amonium
Nitrat
Arus 15Air
Udara

Neraca massa total :

14 + 15 = 16 + 17
Perbandingan udara yang masuk dengan feed = 2 : 1 (Mc Ketta, 1984)
Konsentrasi NH4NO3 keluaran evaporator sebesar 98% (Keyes)

Arus Masuk :
Arus 14
NH4NO3 = 12376.03234 Kg/Jam
H2O = 132.825465999 Kg/Jam
Arus 15
Udara = 2x Arus 14
= 2x 12508.858 Kg/Jam
= 25017.7156119 Kg/Jam

Arus Keluar :
Arus 16
NH4NO3 = 12376.03234 Kg/Jam
H2O = 2% x 132.825465999 Kg/Jam
= 2.65650931999 Kg/Jam
Arus 17
Komposisi udara 78% N2 dan 22% O2
N2 = 78% x Arus 15
= 78% x 25017.716 Kg/Jam
 = 19513.8182 Kg/Jam
O2 = 22% x Arus 15
= 22% x 25017.716 Kg/Jam
= 5503.89743462 Kg/Jam
H2O = 98% x 132.825465999 Kg/Jam
= 130.168956679 Kg/Jam
Menghitung kadar debu NH4NO3 yang terikut udara
NH4NO3 = 2E-08 x 12376.03234 Kg/Jam
= 0.00024752065 Kg/Jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 14 Arus 15 Arus 16 Arus 17
Nitrogen - 19513.8182 19513.8182 -
Oksigen - 5503.8974346 5503.8974346 -
Amonium nitrat 12376.03234 - 0.0002475206 12376.03234
air 132.825465999 - 130.16895668 2.65650932
Subtotal 12508.857806 25017.7156 25147.8848 12378.688849
Total 37526.573 37526.574

A.5 BALL MILL

Aliran 12 Aliran 13
Amonium nitrat Ball Mill Amonium nitrat
Air Air
Aliran 14
Amonium nitrat
Air
Aliran 12
Merupakan aliran masuk dari prilling tower
NH4NO3 = 12376.03234 kg/jam
H2O = 2.65650931999 kg/jam

Aliran 14
 Merupakan aliran recycle dari screening
Pada screening partikel yang lolos ayakan (undersize) sebesar 98% dan
yang tidak lolos ayakan (oversize) 2%. Partikel yang tidak lolos ayakan
ini akan dikembalikan ke ball mill.
Neraca massa total:
Umpan masuk + Recycle = Produk keluar
Recycle = 0.02 dari umpan masuk ball mill
NH4NO3 = 0.02 x 12376.03234 = 247.520646799 kg/jam
H2O = 0.02 x 2.65650932 = 0.0531301864 kg/jam

Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran keluar menuju screen
NH4NO3 = 12376.03234 + 247.52065 = 12623.5529868 kg/jam
H2O = 2.65650931999 + 0.0531302 = 2.70963950639 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 17 Arus 19 Arus 18
Amonium nitrat 12376.03234 247.520646799142 12623.5529867562
air 2.65650931999 0.05313018639976 2.7096395063875
Subtotal 12378.6888493 247.573776985542 12626.2626262626
Total 12626.2626262626 12626.2626262626

A.6 SCREENER

Arus 13 Arus 15
Amonium nitrat Screener Amonium nitrat
Air Air

Arus 14
Amonium nitrat
Air
Aliran 13
Merupakan aliran masuk dari ball mill
NH4NO3 = 12623.5529868 kg/jam
H2O = 2.70963950639 kg/jam
Aliran 14
Merupakan aliran recycle yang dikembalikan ke dalam ball mill
NH4NO3 = 247.520646799 kg/jam
H2O = 0.0531301864 kg/jam
Aliran 15
Merupakan aliran keluar screen menuju silo
NH4NO3 = 12623.553 - 247.52065 = 12376.03234 kg/jam
H2O = 2.70963951 - 0.0531302 = 2.65650931999 kg/jam

Aliran masuk (kg/jam) Aliran keluar (kg/jam)

komponen
Arus 18 Arus 19 Arus 20
Amonium nitrat 12623.5529867562 247.5206468 12376.03234
air 2.7096395063875 0.0531301864 2.65650931999
Subtotal 12626.2626262626 247.57377699 12378.6888493
Total 12626.2626262626 12626.2626262626

Kemurnian NH4NO3 = NH4NO3

Jumlah Produk
= 12623.552986756
12626.262626263
= 0.9997853965511

Sehingga total akhir produk NH4NO3 adalah :

12626.26263 kg/jam x 330 hari x 24 jam
= 100,000,000.00 kg/tahun
= 100,000.00 ton/tahun
 Aliran
No
26 F - 418 Gudang Produk 1 Komposisi
25 P - 417 Packaging Unit 1 1 NH₃
24 F - 416 Bin 1 2 HNO3
23 J - 415 Bucket Elevator Produk 1 3 NH4NO3
22 H - 414 Screener 1 4 H₂O
5 N2
6 O2
21 J - 413 Bucket Elevator Oversize 1 Total
20 C - 412 Ball Mill 1
19 J - 411 Cooling Conveyor 1
18 S - 410 Prilling Tower 1
17 L - 314 Pompa Mixer 1
16 M - 313 Mixer 1
15 E - 312 Heater II 1
14 L - 311 Pompa Evaporator 1
13 V - 310 Evaporator 1
12 E - 213 Cooler 1
11 G -212 Expander 1
10 P - 211 Pompa Reaktor 1
9 R - 210 Reaktor Bubble 1
8 E - 112 Heater I 1
7 G - 124 Expander 1
6 H - 123 Separator 1
5 V - 121 Vaporizer 1
4 L - 121 Pompa Tangki Amonia 1
3 F - 120 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia 1
2 L - 111 Pompa Tangki Asam Nitrat 1
1 F - 110 Tangki Penyimpanan Asam Nitrat 1
No Kode Alat Nama Alat Jumlah
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2686.9479 537.3896 3224.3374 3224.3374 3224.3374 - -
- - - - - 9941.6566 9941.6566
- - - - - - -
13.5023 2.7005 16.2027 16.2027 16.2027 6627.7710 6627.7710
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
2700.4501 540.0900 3240.5401 3240.5401 3240.5401 16569.4276 16569.4276
 Neraca Massa (kg/Jam)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
53.7390 53.7390 53.7390 53.7390 - - -
198.8331 198.8331 198.8331 198.8331 - - -
12376.0323 12376.0323 12376.0323 - 12376.0323 12376.0323 12376.0323
6641.2733 6641.2733 6641.2733 6508.4478 132.8255 132.8255 132.8255
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
19269.8777 19269.8777 19269.8777 12378.6888 12508.8578 12508.8578 12508.8578
 15 16 17 18 19 20
- - - - -
- - - - - -
- 0.0002 12376.0323 12623.5530 247.5206 247.5206
- 130.1690 2.6565 2.7096 0.0531 0.0531
19513.8182 19513.8182 - - - -
5503.8974 5503.8974 - - - -
0.0000 130.1692 12378.6888 12626.2626 247.5738 247.5738