LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas : 60.000 ton/tahun

Operasi : 330 hari/tahun
Basis Perhitungan : 1 jam
60.000 𝑇𝑜𝑛 1000 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Laju Produksi : × × 330 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 × 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚 = 7.575,7576 kg/jam
𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 𝑇𝑜𝑛

Berat molekul masing-masing komponen yang terlibat pada proses produksi metanol ditunjukkan
pada Tabel 1.

Tabel 1. Berat Molekul Komponen.

Rumus Berat Molekul
Komponen
Molekul (kg/kmol)
Hidrogen H2 2
Nitrogen N2 28
Karbon Monoksida CO 28
Metana CH4 16
Karbon Dioksida CO2 44
Metanol CH3OH 32
Air H2O 18

Spesifikasi Produk :
99,85 7.575,7576 𝑘𝑔
 CH3OH = 99,85% = × = 7.564,3939 kg/jam = 236,3873 kmol/jam
100 𝑗𝑎𝑚
0,015 7.575,7576 𝑘𝑔
 H2O = 0,015% = × = 11,3636 kg/jam = 0,6313 kmol/jam
100 𝑗𝑎𝑚

Perhitungan menggunakan basis 100 kmol/jam fresh feed syngas dan perhitungan berdasarkan
neraca massa per komponen pada tiap arus yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1. Adapun komponen
fresh feed syngas dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.
Tabel 2. Komponen fresh feed syngas.
Komponen Mol%
H2 72,1
N2 0,09
CO 14,75
CH4 4,26
CO2 8,8

Gambar 1. Diagram Alir Proses Sintesa Metanol.

Secara umum, persamaan neraca massa adalah sebagai berikut:

Massa masuk – Massa keluar + Massa generasi – Masa konsumsi = Massa akumulasi

1. Neraca Massa Komponen CO

Arus 1 = 14,75% × 100 kmol/jam = 14,75 kmol/jam = 413 kg/jam
Diketahui: Konversi CO single pass = 54,13%
Asumsi:
- Proses berjalan secara kontinu, seingga akumulasi = 0
 - Konversi CO overall = 98%, sehingga CO yang di purging (Arus 6) sangat sedikit
Arus 6 = 2% × Arus 1 = 0,02 × 14,75 kmol/jam = 0,295 kmol/jam = 8,26 kg/jam
Arus 2 = A

CO masuk – CO keluar + CO generasi – CO konsumsi = CO akumulasi

14,75 – 0,295 + 0 – 0,5413 A = 0
0,5413 A = 14,455
A = 26,7042

Jadi,
Arus 2 = 26,7042 kmol/jam
Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 0,4587 × 26,7042 kmol/jam = 12,2492 kmol/jam = 342,9785 kg/jam
Arus 5 = Arus 4 – Arus 6 = 12,2492 - 0,295 = 11,9542 kmol/jam = 334,7185 kg/jam

𝐴𝑟𝑢𝑠 6 0,295
Rasio Arus 6 (purging) terhadap Arus 4 = 𝐴𝑟𝑢𝑠 4 = 12,2492 = 0,0241

2. Neraca Massa Komponen CO2

Arus 1 = 8,8% × 100 kmol/jam = 8,8 kmol/jam = 387,2 kg/jam
Diketahui: Konversi CO2 single pass = 22,66%
Arus 2 = B
Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 0,7734 B
Arus 6 = 0,0241 × Arus 4 = 0,0241 × 0,7734 B

CO2 masuk – CO2 keluar + CO2 generasi – CO2 konsumsi = CO2 akumulasi
8,8 – 0,0241(0,7734 B) + 0 – 0,2266 B = 0
B = 35,8853

Jadi,
Arus 2 = 35,8853 kmol/jam = 1.578,9523 kg/jam
Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 27,7537 kmol/jam = 1.221,1617 kg/jam
Arus 6 = 0,6684 kmol/jam = 29,4049 kg/jam
 Arus 5 = Arus 4 – Arus 6 = 27,7537 - 0,6684 = 27,0853 kmol/jam = 1.191,7523 kg/jam

3. Neraca Massa Komponen H2

Arus 1 = 72,1% × 100 kmol/jam = 72,1 kmol/jam = 144,2 kg/jam
Arus 2 = C
Arus 3 = Arus 4 = C – 1,0826 A – 0,6798 B
Arus 6 = 0,0241 × Arus 4 = 0,0241(C – 1,0826 A – 0,6798 B)

H2 masuk – H2 keluar + H2 generasi – H2 konsumsi = H2 akumulasi

72,1 – 0,0241(C – 1,0826 A – 0,6798 B) + 0 – (1,0826 A + 0,6798 B) = 0
C = 833,7339

Jadi,
Arus 2 = 833,7339 kmol/jam = 1.667,4678 kg/jam
Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 780,4291 kmol/jam = 1.560,8582 kg/jam
Arus 6 = 18,7952 kmol/jam = 37,5904 kg/jam
Arus 5 = Arus 4 – Arus 6 = 780,4291 - 18,7952 = 761,6339 kmol/jam = 1.532,2678 kg/jam

4. Neraca Massa Komponen CH3OH

CH3OH keluar = CH3OH generasi
Arus 3 = Arus 7 = 0,5413A + 0,2266B = 22,5866 kmol/jam = 722,7713 kg/jam
Arus 9 = 99,85% CH3OH  99,85% × 723,6385 = 722,5531 kg/jam = 22,5798 kmol/jam
Arus 8 = 0,15% CH3OH  Arus 7 – Arus 9 = 0,2183 kg/jam = 0,0068 kmol/jam

5. Neraca Massa Komponen H2O

H2O keluar = H2O generasi
Arus 3 = Arus 7 = 0,2266B = 8,1316 kmol/jam = 146,3689 kg/jam
Arus 9 = 0,15% H2O  Arus 7 – Arus 8 = 1,0855 kg/jam = 0,0603 kmol/jam
Arus 8 = 99,85% H2O  99,85% × 145,5017 = 145,2834 kg/jam = 8,0713 kmol/jam

Dengan cara eliminasi diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

 CH3OH Arus 9 + CH3OH Arus 8 = CH3OH Arus 7
H2O Arus 9 + H2O Arus 8 = H2O Arus 7

0,9985 Arus 9 + 0,0015 Arus 8 = 722,7713 kg/jam × 0,9985

0,0015 Arus 9 + 0,9985 Arus 8 = 146,3689 kg/jam × 0,0015

0,9970 Arus 9 + 0,0015 Arus 8 = 721,6872 kg/jam

0,0000 Arus 9 + 0,0015 Arus 8 = 0,2196 kg/jam
0,9970 Arus 9 = 721,4676 kg/jam

Arus 9 = 723,6385 kg/jam

Arus 8 = Arus 7 – Arus 9 = 145,5017 kg/jam

6. Neraca Massa Komponen N2 (Inert)

Arus 1 = Arus 6 = 0,09% × 100 kmol/jam = 0,09 kmol/jam = 2,52 kg/jam
𝐴𝑟𝑢𝑠 6 0,09 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Arus 2 = Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 0,0241 = = 3,7371 kmol/jam = 104,6375 kg/jam
0,0241

Arus 5 = Arus 4 – Arus 6 = 3,7371 - 0,09 = 3,6471 kmol/jam = 102,1175 kg/jam

7. Neraca Massa Komponen CH4 (Inert)

Arus 1 = Arus 6 = 4,26% × 100 kmol/jam = 4,26 kmol/jam = 68,16 kg/jam
𝐴𝑟𝑢𝑠 6 4,26 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Arus 2 = Arus 3 = Arus 4 = 0,0241 = = 176,8872 kmol/jam = 2.830,1951 kg/jam
0,0241

Arus 5 = Arus 4 – Arus 6 = 176,8872 - 4,26 = 172,6272 kmol/jam = 2.762,0351 kg/jam

Berdasarkan perhitungan basis, diperoleh laju produksi metanol dengan kemurnian 99,85%
sebanyak 723,6385 kg/jam. Sehingga diperoleh faktor pengali terhadap laju produksi kapasitas
sebagai berikut:
𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝐾𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 7.575,7576 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Faktor Pengali = = = 10,4690
𝐿𝑎𝑗𝑢 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 723,6385 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚

Dari faktor pengali, diperoleh laju alir massa tiap arus berdasarkan kapasitas. Laju alir berdasar
kapasitas tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.
Tabel 3. Laju Alir Massa Aktual.

Arus (kg/jam)
Komponen
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H2 1509,6270 17456,6876 16340,5936 16340,5936 15947,0607 393,5329
N2 26,3818 1095,4479 1095,4479 1095,4479 1069,0660 26,3818
CO 4323,6888 7827,8497 3590,6347 3590,6347 3504,1609 86,4738
CH4 713,5657 29629,2566 29629,2566 29629,2566 28915,6909 713,5657
CO2 4053,5891 16530,0202 12784,3176 12784,3176 12476,4310 307,8866
CH3OH 7566,6788 7566,6788 2,2849 7564,3939
H2O 1532,3329 1532,3329 1520,9692 11,3636
TOTAL 10626,8525 72539,2619 72539,2619 63440,2503 61912,4095 1527,8408 9099,0117 1523,2541 7575,7576