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ADOPSI MODEL PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI

TERHADAP MALFUNGSI PENGGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
DI INDONESIA

DISERTASI

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Syarat

Memperoleh Gelar Doktor Ilmu Hukum

Oleh:
DIANA LUKITASARI
T312002007

PROGRAM DOKTOR ILMU HUKUM

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2023

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library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

ADOPSI MODEL PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI

TERHADAP MALFUNGSI PENGGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
DI INDONESIA

DISERTASI

Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Syarat

Memperoleh Gelar Doktor Ilmu Hukum

Oleh:
DIANA LUKITASARI
T312002007

PROGRAM DOKTOR ILMU HUKUM

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2023

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library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Keyword : Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Liability, Corporation,

Malfunction

DAFTAR ISI

JUDUL DISERTASI................................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................................... v
PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ x
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 16
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 16
D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 16
1. Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................. 16
2. Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................. 17
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI DAN KAJIAN PUSTAKA................................... 18
A. Landasan Teori ........................................................................................... 18
1. Teori Perbandingan Hukum ................................................................ 18
2. Teori Pembentukan Hukum ............................................................... 21
3. Teori Kausalitas.................................................................................. 26
4. Teori Politik Hukum........................................................................... 42
5. Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana .................................................... 51
B. Kajian Pustaka............................................................................................ 60
1. Pidana dan Pemidanaan ...................................................................... 60
2. Kemampuan Bertanggungjawab Dalam Hukum Pidana .................... 68

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3. Kesalahan dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana ...................................... 70

4. Sejarah dan Dinamika Perkembangan Pidana Korporasi ................... 73
5. Ragam Formulasi Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi di
Indonesia dalam Berbagai Undang-Undang Sektoral ........................ 93
6. Artificial Intelligence dan Hukum .................................................... 110
7. Respon Hukum atas Kasus Malfungsi AI ........................................ 140
C. Kerangka Berpikir .................................................................................... 150
D. Penelitian Yang Relevan .......................................................................... 152
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 167
A. Jenis Penelitian ......................................................................................... 167
B. Karakteristik Penelitian ............................................................................ 168
C. Pendekatan Penelitian .............................................................................. 169
D. Sumber Data Penelitian ............................................................................ 172
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................... 173
F. Teknik Analisis Data ................................................................................ 174
BAB IV PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DI
BERBAGAI NEGARA DI DUNIA .................................................................. 176
A. Strategi Nasional Artificial Intelligence sebagai Pedoman Kebijakan .... 181
1. Strategi Nasional Artificial Intelligence Amerika dalam Kajian
Hukum .............................................................................................. 181
2. Strategi Nasional Artificial Intelligence China untuk Regulasi Masa
Depan ............................................................................................... 184
3. Strategi Nasional Artificial Intelligence Uni Eropa Menuju Arah
Pertanggungjawaban ........................................................................ 196
B. Regulasi AI sebagai Hukum .................................................................... 200
1. Artificial Intelligence Act ................................................................. 200
2. The National AI Initiative Act 2020 ................................................. 226
C. Adaptabilitas Pembentukan Hukum AI Di Indonesia ............................. 234
BAB V BATASAN KESALAHAN KORPORASI PADA PEMANFAATAN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SEBAGAI DASAR
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ........................................................... 254
A. Memahami Siklus Hidup Artificial Intelligence ..................................... 256
B. Identifikasi Potensi Risiko yang Ditimbulkan Artificial Intelligence ..... 273

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C. Menentukan Batasan Kesalahan sebagai Dasar Pertanggungjawaban

Pidana ...................................................................................................... 285
BAB VI ADOPSI MODEL PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA
KORPORASI TERHADAP MALFUNGSI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .... 302
A. Mengurai Permasalahan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Di Bidang
Teknologi ................................................................................................ 308
B. Model Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Malfungsi
Artificial Intelligence............................................................................... 328
1. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi atas Kegagalan Fungsi Sistem
Artificial Intelligence......................................................................... 340
2. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi atas Pengabaian Etika ....... 343
3. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi atas Risiko Bawaan ........... 354
BAB VII PENUTUP ........................................................................................... 357
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 357
B. Implikasi ................................................................................................... 359
C. Rekomendasi ............................................................................................ 359
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 361

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