UHT Technology
for Liquid Milk
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id
Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian:
Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center,
LPPM,
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Problem Solving in
UHT Technology
for Liquid Milk
Materi ini
Bisa diunduh dari
www.foodreview.co.id
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 1
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
SUSU
• Bahan pangan yang “bergizi”
• pH > 4.5 dan aw>0.85
• Potensi Bahaya : Tinggi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
• Pendinginan,
• Pemanasan,
• Pengeringan,
• Penambahan gula,
• Penambahan asam,
• Penambahan
pengawet,
• Dll
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 2
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
• Pendinginan,
• Pendinginan,
• Pemanasan
•
•
Pemanasan,
Pengeringan,
• Pengeringan,
•
•
Penambahan gula,
Penambahan asam,
• Penambahan gu
•
•
Penambahan pengawet,
Pengendalian atmosfir,
• Penambahan a
•
•
Iradiasi
Dll
• .........
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
SUSU
Wadah
Pengisian &
Penutupan
SUSU steril
Sterilisasi dalam wadah
(pemanasan)
Retort/
pemasak
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 3
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
Dengan panas (proses termal)
SUSU
Wadah
Pengisian &
Penutupan
SUSU steril
Sterilisasi dalam wadah
(pemanasan)
Retort/
pemasak
1850s:
Pasteur; pemanasan susu pada T=63°C; t=30’
Pasteurization: membunuh pathogen
Tantangan:
• Tidak membunuh spora bacteri (tahan
panas)
• Memerlukan penyimpanan dingin lemari
es
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 4
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
Dengan panas (proses termal)
Juga menyebabkan
perubahan : Membunuh mikroba:
• Rasa Memperpanjang masa
• Warna, Tekstur vs kesegaran
• Flavor ~ aman, awet
• Gizi,
• Nilai Tambah
• Fungsionalitas,
• dll
Optimasi Proses Panas
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 5
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Jenis TR D Z D- Produk
Mikroba (oC) (min) (oC) Red
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 6
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
Aspek Mutu TR D Z
(Nilai Tambah) (oC) (min) (oC)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Aspek Mutu TR D Z D-
(Nilai Tambah) (oC) (min) (oC) Red
Mikroba
1. Pathogenik 75 0,01 9,5 12
2. Mesofilik 120 0,15 10,0 9
3. Thermofilik 120 0,50 10,5 9
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 7
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
Suhu Pemanasan
(T)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
115-121oC
Suhu Pemanasan
(T)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 8
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
135-140oC
Suhu Pemanasan
(T)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
115-121oC 135-140oC
Suhu Pemanasan
(T)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 9
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
115-121oC 135-140oC
Suhu Pemanasan
(T)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Perlu
OPTIMASI
Jaminan
Kombinasi
Mutu
Jaminan T (suhu) &
(fungsionalitas)
Keamanan, t (waktu)
Kestabilan Menyebabkan
(keawetan) perubahan : Rasa, Warna,
Tekstur, Flavor, Gizi, dll
Membunuh mikroba:
Memperpanjang masa
kesegaran ~ aman,
awet
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 10
June 11, 2015
1. Teknologi Pengolahan Susu Cair
OPTIMASI PROSES PANAS– Kinetika Inaktivasi Mikroba
UHT Jaminan
Mutu
Jaminan Ultra High
(fungsionalitas)
Keamanan, Temperature
Kestabilan Menyebabkan
(keawetan) perubahan : Rasa, Warna,
Tekstur, Flavor, Gizi, dll
Membunuh mikroba:
Memperpanjang masa
kesegaran ~ aman,
awet
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
2. Teknologi UHT
Zona Aseptis
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 11
June 11, 2015
2. Teknologi UHT
2. Teknologi UHT
SUSU
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 12
June 11, 2015
2. Teknologi UHT
1890s:
Alat penukar panas tipe Pelat, pertama kali
dipatenkan di Jerman
Proses pemanasan (pasteurusasi dan sterilisasi) bisa
dilakukan dengan suhu yang lebih tinggi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
2. Teknologi UHT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 13
June 11, 2015
2. Teknologi UHT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 14
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 15
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 16
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
1. Definisi Nilai F0
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 17
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
T(oC) LR t (sec) Fo
121.1 1.0 180 3
135 24.5 2 0.8
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
T(oC) LR t (sec) Fo
121.1 1.0 180 3
135 24.5 2 0.8
Revisi??? 135 24.5 8 3.3
140 77.6 3 3.9
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 18
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 19
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
T ho 121
F o 10 Z
t min
T ho 121
L
F o 10 Z
2V
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 20
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 21
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
3. Definisi Nilai B*
4. Definisi Nilai C*
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 22
June 11, 2015
3. Kecukupan Panas UHT
Faktor kritis
untuk Umur
Simpan susu
Steril UHT
• Colour
• Smell
• Taste
• Texture
• Stability
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
1985 di Italy
1990 di Jerman
• Problems of non-sterility of UHT-milk products.
• Caused by the presence of ultra heat resistant
bacterial spores belonging to the genus Bacillus.
• Massive non-sterility
mesophilic/thermofilik spores present in the
initial milk might have survived the UHT-treatment.
germinate, multiply
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 23
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Non-Sterility
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 24
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Non-Sterility
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
B. Sporothermodurans: Zvalue:
D140-value ~ 3.4 - 7.9 s)
B. Sporothermodurans: 13.1-14.2oC
B. Stearothermophilus:
D140-value ~ 0.9 s) and
B. Stearothermophilus: 9.1oC
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 25
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Non-Sterility
Factors? Cleaning
"4T" law: the success of CIP
depends on:
1. the correct cleaning Time
2. the right Temperature
3. the Turbulence
4. the Titration of cleaning
solution
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Factors?
Reprocessing of UHT milk.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 26
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Gelation
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
In general,
gelation occurs more readily
at room temperatures
(~20–25°C) than at low
(~4°C) and high
(~35–40°C)
Age gelation of UHT Milk (Kocak, H. R. and Zadow, J. G., 1985, Age gelation of UHT
whole milk as in uenced by storage temperature, Aust J Dairy Technol, 40(1): 14–21)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 27
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Gelation
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 28
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Gelation
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 29
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Case of Gelation
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 30
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Index of Heating : Lactulose
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 31
June 11, 2015
4. Permasalahan Teknologi UHT
- Index of Heating : Lactulose
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Terimakasih
Email: phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Web: phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 32
June 11, 2015
Notes:
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 33
June 11, 2015
1. Karakteristik produk Kondisi mutu awal
Susu segar
• Sumber gizi
• pH > 4,6
• aw > 0.85
• berasal dari
ternak
Mudah rusak krn SNI 3141 1 2011
Susu Segar
pertumbuhan
mikroba
Bozena Malmgren (2013). Dairy Processing: Dairy raw materials, Tetra Pak
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Susu segar
• Sumber gizi
• pH > 4,6
• aw > 0.85
• berasal dari
ternak
SNI 3141 1 2011
Susu Segar
Mudah rusak krn
pertumbuhan
mikroba
Bozena Malmgren (2013). Dairy Processing: Dairy raw materials, Tetra Pak
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 34
June 11, 2015
1. Karakteristik produk Kondisi mutu awal
Bozena Malmgren (2013). Dairy Processing: Dairy raw materials, Tetra Pak
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 35
June 11, 2015
1. Karakteristik produk Kondisi mutu awal
Kriteria Mutu bahan baku susu segar (untuk
sterilisasi UHT)
Berkaitan dengan:
Standard Performansi (USFDA/USDA) STERIL KOMERSIAL:
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
hariyadi@seafast.org
Berkaitan dengan:
Standard Performansi (USFDA/USDA) STERIL KOMERSIAL:
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Better & Safer Dairy Technology 36
June 11, 2015