ABSTRAK

Istiqamah, 2019. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn)

Terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti. Dibawah bimbingan Arum
Kusumastuti dan Fitriani selaku Pembimbing I dan Pembimbing II.
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan
oleh virus dengue melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Salah satu penyakit
menular berbasis vektor yang memiliki angka morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Di
Indonesia DBD telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat selama 41 tahun
terakhir, salah satunya di Kota Samarinda merupakan kota yang endemis DBD
dari 10 kabupaten/kota di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan
post test only control group design. Larva Aedes aegypti yang digunakan adalah
larva instar I-IV yang dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.
Pada kelompok perlakuan larva Aedes aegypti diberi ekstrak daun sirsak dengan 5
konsetrasi yaitu 0,10% (0,2 mL ekstrak + 200 mL air), 0,20% (0,4 mL ekstrak +
200 mL air), 0,30% (0,6 mL ekstrak + 200 mL air), 0,40% (0,8 mL ekstrak + 200
mL air), 0,50% (1 mL ekstrak + 200 mL air), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol
hanya diberi 200 mL air mineral. Hasil pengamatan selama 24 jam menunjukkan
konsentrasi terendah (0,10%) hanya mampu membunuh 96% larva instar I dan II,
serta pada konsentrasi tertinggi (0,50%) mampu membunuh 100% pada semua
instar. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna rata-
rata jumlah kematian larva Aedes aegypti setelah pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak
pada berbagai konsentrasi dengan nilai p value < 0,05 untuk instar I (0,021), instar
II (0,011), instar III (0,005), instar IV (0,006). Nilai Lethal Consentration 50
(LC50) Instar I sebesar 0,03%, instar II sebesar 0,02%, instar III sebesar 0,17%,
dan instar IV sebesar 0,29%.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak, Daun Sirsak, Larvasida, Aedes aegypti

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 ABSTRACT
Istiqamah, 2019. Effectiveness of the Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Leaf
Extract on the heat of Aedes aegypti Larvae. Supervised by Arum Kusumastuti
and Fitriani as Supervisor I and Supervisor II.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus
through Aedes aegypti bites. It is one of a vector-based infectious diseases that
has high morbidity and mortality rates. In Indonesia DBD has become serious
problem in public heath since 41 years. Samarinda is one of a dengue endemic
city from 10 districts in East Kalimantan. This research aimed to know the
effectiveness of soursop leaf extract on the death of Aedes agypti larvae. The
research method that is applied in this research is pseudo experiment with
approach post test only control group design. Aedes aegypti that is used in this
research is instar I-IV larvae which is divided into treatment and control groups.
In the treatment group Aedes aegypti larvae was given soursop leaf extract in 5
concentrations 0.10% (0.2 mL extract + 200 mL of water), 0.20% (0.4 mL
extract + 200 mL of water), 0.30% (0.6 mL extract + 200 mL of water), 0.40%
(0.8 mL extract + 200 mL of water), 0.50% (1 mL extract + 200 mL of water), in
the other hand, in control group, Aedes aegypti larvae was only given 200 mL of
mineral water. After it took 24 hours, the result showed the lowest concentration
(0.10%) was only able to kill 96% of instar larvae I and II, and on the highest
concentration (0.50%) was able to kill 100% in all larvaes. So it can be
concluded that there was a significant differences on the number of Aedes aegypti
deaths after given soursop extract in some concentrations with p values <0.05 for
instar I (0.021), instar II (0.011), instar III (0.005) ), instar IV (0.006). Lethal
Concentration 50 (LC50) Instar I was about 0.03%, instar II 0.02%, instar III
0.17%, and instar IV 0.29%.

Keywords: Extract, Soursop Leaf, Larvacida, Aedes aegypti

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