BAB II
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM APPARATUS
𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎
𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑥 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑥 𝑎 ............................................................................................................................ (2-1)
Apabila gaya F bekerja pada fluida cair tertutup melalui penampang A, maka tekanan terjadi
dalam fluida cair tersebut. Tekanan bekerja sesuai jumlah gaya yang dipakai secara tegak lurus
menekan luasan permukaan tersebut. Tekanan bekerja pada semua sisi secara sama (merata) dan
serempak, sehingga tekanan itupun diteruskan ke segala titik secara sama dan merata pula. Pernyataan
tersebut dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut.
𝐺𝑎𝑦𝑎
𝑇𝑒𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 =
𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑔
Gambar 2.9 menunjukkan salah satu contoh pompa hidrolik dan termasuk jenis pompa
roda gigi. Roda gigi penggerak diputar oleh penggerak mula sehingga dengan berputarnya
pasangan roda gigi itu terjadilah proses pemompaan oli dari tangki hidrolik (Gambar 2.10),
oli dipompakan ke seluruh sistem.
2. Akumulator
Akumulator pada sistem hidrolik berfungsi sebagai reservoir penyimpanan tekanan di
mana cairan hidrolik yang tidak dapat dimampatkan ditahan di bawah tekanan yang
diterapkan oleh sumber energi mekanik eksternal .Sumber eksternal dapat berupa mesin,
pegas , pemberat yang diangkat , atau gas yang dimampatkan.Akumulator memungkinkan
sistem hidraulik untuk mengatasi permintaan ekstrem menggunakan pompa yang kurang
bertenaga, untuk merespons permintaan sementara dengan lebih cepat, dan untuk
memuluskan getaran.Ini adalah jenis perangkat penyimpanan energi .
Gambar 2.16 di bawah ini menunjukkan sebuah silinder hidrolik kerja tunggal, artinya
silinder ini mendapat suplai tenaga (dorongan cairan hidrolik) hanya dari satu sisi.
Kemudian piston kembali oleh dorongan beban (kiri) dan piston kembali oleh pegas
(kanan).
Gambar 2.17 di bawah ini menunjukkan silinder kerja ganda, yaitu suplai cairan
hidrolik dari kedua sisi silinder. Dua buah saluran masuk dapat kita lihat pada bagian
bawah silinder yaitu bagian yang tidak bernomor.
Gambar 2.18 berikut ini menunjukkan salah satu contoh motor hidrolik. Disebut
motor hidrolik karena berputarnya disebabkan oleh dorongan cairan hidrolik dan berputar
secara kontinyu.
1 Pompa Hidrolik
27 Pressure Gauge
28 Thermometer
29 Flowmeter
32 Electric Motor
33 Heat Engine
37 Flexible Line
38 Line Connection
39 Lines Crossing
40 Exhaust
42 Reservoir
43 Filter
44 Cooler
45 Heater
Keterangan:
𝑃 = Tekanan (Pa)
𝑃𝑏𝑎𝑟 = Tekanan yang terbaca alat ukur (bar)
2. Gaya
𝐹 = 𝑃 𝑥 𝐴 .............................................................................................................. (2-5)
Keterangan:
𝐹 = Gaya (N)
𝑃 = Tekanan (Pa)
𝐴 = Luas Penampang (m²)
Spesifikasi Alat:
- Merk : Wandfluh
- Buatan : Swiss
- Type : GKU63 DB-06/90 G
- Nomor Seri : KU63-32
- Tahun 1987
- Volume Maximum Reservoir : 63 liter
- Volume Maximum Pendulum : 1,7 liter
- Tekanan Maximum Pompa : 90 bar
- Debit Pompa : 6 liter/menit
- Power Supply : 380 V – 8 A – 50 Hz
1
2
3
4
5
Σ
Dimana:
X = Putaran Katup
Y = Tekanan Pompa
Perhitungan Statistik:
𝛴𝑌
𝑦=
𝑛
…
𝑦=
…
𝑦=⋯
𝑛 𝛴𝑋𝑌 − (𝛴𝑋)(𝛴𝑌)
𝑏=
𝑛𝛴𝑋2 − (𝛴𝑋)²
… −. . .
𝑏=
… −. . .
𝑏=⋯
𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋
𝑌 = ⋯+⋯𝑋
maka:
𝑌 = 𝑖 + 𝑗𝑋 + 𝑘𝑋3
𝑌 = ⋯ + ⋯ 𝑋 + ⋯ 𝑋3
Tabel 2.XX Hubungan antara Putaran Katup dengan Tekanan Maju Silinder
No X Y XY X2 X3 X4 X2Y (Y-y)2 (Y-a-bX)2 (Y-i-jX-kX2)2
1
2
3
4
5
Σ
Dimana:
X = Putaran Katup
Y = Tekanan Maju Silinder
Perhitungan Statistik:
𝛴𝑌
𝑦=
𝑛
…
𝑦=
…
𝑦=⋯
𝑛 𝛴𝑋𝑌 − (𝛴𝑋)(𝛴𝑌)
𝑏=
𝑛𝛴𝑋2 − (𝛴𝑋)²
… −. . .
𝑏=
… −. . .
𝑏=⋯
maka:
𝑌 = 𝑖 + 𝑗𝑋 + 𝑘𝑋3
𝑌 = ⋯ + ⋯ 𝑋 + ⋯ 𝑋3
Tabel 2.XX Hubungan antara Putaran Katup dengan Tekanan Mundur Silinder
No X Y XY X2 X3 X4 X2Y (Y-y)2 (Y-a-bX)2 (Y-i-jX-kX2)2
1
2
3
4
5
Σ
Dimana:
X = Putaran Katup
Y = Tekanan Mundur Silinder
Perhitungan Statistik:
𝛴𝑌
𝑦=
𝑛
…
𝑦=
…
𝑦=⋯
𝑛 𝛴𝑋𝑌 − (𝛴𝑋)(𝛴𝑌)
𝑏=
𝑛𝛴𝑋2 − (𝛴𝑋)²
… −. . .
𝑏=
… −. . .
𝑏=⋯
maka:
𝑌 = 𝑖 + 𝑗𝑋 + 𝑘𝑋3
𝑌 = ⋯ + ⋯ 𝑋 + ⋯ 𝑋3
Ukuran Grafik 15 cm x 8 cm
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Ukuran Grafik 15 cm x 8 cm
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2.9.2 Saran
- Untuk Laboratorium
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- Untuk Sistem Praktikum
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- Untuk Asisten
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- Untuk Praktikan
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