5 Prausnitz chapter 2
A gas at 350 oC and molar volume 600 cm3/mol is expanded in an isentropic turbine. The
exhaust pressure is atmospheric. What is the exhaust temperature? The ideal gas heat
capacity at constant pressure is cpo = 33,5 J/Kmol. The properties of the gas is given by the
van der walls equation, with a = 56.105 bar (cm3.mol-1)2 and b = 45 cm3,mol-1
Penyelesaian:
1 Turbin Isentropic
2
Analisis :
P1 Pa ≈ 0 Pb ≈ 0 P2 = 1 atm
T1 = 350 oC Ta = T1 Tb = T2 T2 = …?
V1 = 600 cm3 Va = ~ Vb = ~ V2
Isentropis : ∆ Suniverse =0
∆ Ssistem + ∆ Slingkungan = 0
∆ Ssistem =0
∆ S12 =0
Lintasan 1- a
Va Va
∆ S1a = ∫
V1
( ) dV =∫ ( ∂∂ TP ) dV ......................................................................(2a.1)
∂S
∂V T V1 V
Pa
V=f(P,T).
RT a
P= − 2 ...................................................................................................(2a.2)
V −b V
∆ S1a = ∫
V1
( R
V −b ) ❑
dV =R ln(V −b)¿Va
V 1=R ln
V a−b
V 1−b
Va
∆ S1a = R ln …………................................................................................(2a.4)
V 1−b
Lintasan a-b
Tb T2 T2
C op
∆ Sab = ∫
Ta
( ) dT =∫ ( )
∂S
∂T P T1
∂S
∂T P
dT =¿ ∫
T
T1
dT =C op ln T ¿TT 21 ¿
∆ S ab=C p ln
o
( )
T2
T1
………………………………………………….......…....(2a.5)
Lintasan b-2
V2 V2 V2
∆ Sb2 = ∫
Vb
( ) dV =∫ ( ) dV =∫ ( V R−b ) dV =R ln (V −b)¿
∂S
∂V T Vb
∂P
∂T V Vb .
V2
Vb
2
∆ Sb2 = R ln ( V 2 −b
V b −b )
Vb ≫ sehingga menjadi
∆ Sb2 = R ln ( V a −b
Vb )
…….....................................................................................…..(2a.6)
Berlaku:
∆ S12 = R ln
Va
V 1−b
o
+C p ln
T2
T1
+ R ln
( ) (
V 2 −b
Vb )
∆ S12 = R ln
[( )( )] ( )
Va
Vb
V 2−b
V 1−b
o T
+C p ln 2 …………................................................…....(2a.8)
T1
P a .V a Pb .V b
= dan (Pa = Pb)
Ta Tb
V a T a T1
= =
V b T b T2
∆ S12 = f ( V 2) =R ln ([ TT2 )( VV −b
1
−b ]
2
1
) +C ln
( T )
T o
p
2
=0 ……...............…....……....(2a.9)
1
3
RT2 a
P 2= − 2
V 2−b V 2
a RT2
P+ =
V 2 V 2−b
2
T 2= ( V R−b )( P − Va ) …................................................................................(2a.10)
2
2 2
2
dengan nilai :
a = 56.105 bar (cm3.mol-1)2
b = 45 cm3,mol-1
R = 82,057 cm3.atm/mol.K
Algoritma Perhitungan:
1. Trial V2
2. Hitung T2 dengan persamaan ( 2a.10)
3. Hitung f(V2) dengan persamaan (2a.9)
4. Cek f(V2) = 0
5. Jika “Ya” selesai
Jika “ Tidak” kembali ke langkah 1
Trial V2 T2 f(V2) Ya
F(V2) ≈ 0
1 1
Tidak
4
Gambar 1. Alur perhitungan untuk mencari harga V2 dan T2
V2 = 17009,4 cm3
T2 = 202,73 K
TUGAS II b
Soal No. 7 Prausnitz Chapter 2
b
The second virial coefficient B of a certain gas is given by B=a− 2 . Where a and b are
T
constant. Compute the change in internal energy for this gas is going at temperature T from
very low pressure to a pressure π. Use the equation:
PV BP
Z= =1+
RT RT
Penyelesaian:
PV BP
Z= =1+
RT RT
b
B=a− 2
T
5
1 Isotermal 2
P1 << P2 = π
T1 T1
V2 V2
Analisis:
P2=π
∆ U 12= ∫ ¿ ¿
P1=0
dU =T dS−P dV
¿
EOS :
RT
V= +B
P
b
B=f ( T )=a− 2
T
RT b
V= +a− 2
P T
¿
¿
Jadi:
¿
¿
¿
Jadi:
P2=π
−2 b
∆ U 12= ∫ ( 2 ¿
)dp ¿
P1=0 T
6
−2 b P π
∆ U 12= 2
I0
T
−2 b π
∆ U 12= 2
T