dan Indonesia
Pendahuluan
Malaysia, Timur Tengah, dan Indonesia memiliki sejarah panjang dalam
pengembangan ekonomi Islam. Malaysia telah menjadi salah satu pusat
perbankan syariah terkemuka di dunia, sementara Timur Tengah memiliki akar
Islam yang dalam dan merupakan pengembang awal ekonomi Islam1. Indonesia
adalah negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar di dunia dan memiliki potensi
besar dalam pengembangan ekonomi Islam. Namun, perbandingan politik
ekonomi Islam di ketiga wilayah ini masih sangat relevan2. Perbandingan ini
akan memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana berbagai faktor seperti regulasi,
kebijakan pemerintah, dan budaya mempengaruhi perkembangan ekonomi
Islam di setiap tempat.
1
B M Musthofa et al., “Institutional Dynamics of Halal Tourism Development in Indonesia and
Malaysia,” JAS (Journal of ASEAN … (2023), https://journal.binus.ac.id/index.php/jas/article/view/9431.
2
M R Ridzuan dan N A S Abd Rahman, “The deployment of fiscal policy in several ASEAN countries
in dampening the impact of COVID-19,” … Economies and Islamic … (2021),
https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/JEEIR/article/view/9156.
3
M M Alshater et al., “Influential and intellectual structure of Islamic finance: a bibliometric
review,” … Middle Eastern Finance … (2021),
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2020-0419/full/html.
Salah satu aspek yang akan diteliti adalah peran pemerintah dalam
pengembangan ekonomi Islam di ketiga wilayah ini. Bagaimana kebijakan-
kebijakan yang diambil oleh pemerintah berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan
industri ini. Selain itu, aspek budaya juga akan dianalisis. Bagaimana nilai-nilai
dan budaya lokal mempengaruhi cara ekonomi Islam diimplementasikan dan
diterima oleh masyarakat5. Dalam konteks global, ekonomi Islam juga memiliki
peran yang semakin besar dalam perdagangan internasional6. Memahami
perbandingan ini akan membantu dalam mengidentifikasi peluang dan
tantangan di pasar global. Perbandingan ini juga membahas dampak ekonomi
4
N Syam dan S M Yusuf, “Islam Dan Pancasila Dalam Pertarungan Ideologi Dunia: Perspektif
Sosiologis,” Dialogia: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan … (repository.iainponorogo.ac.id, 2020),
http://repository.iainponorogo.ac.id/1255/1/garuda1733567.pdf.
5
R H Ratnasari, “Understanding the Islamic banking system in indonesian modern economics
practices,” International Journal of Business, Economics & … (2020),
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3739206.
6
M Ebrahimi, K Yusoff, dan R Ismail, “Middle East and African Student (MEAS) perceptions of
Islam and Islamic moderation: a case study,” Indonesian Journal of Islam and … (researchgate.net, 2021),
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoureh-
Ebrahimi/publication/352606217_Middle_East_African_Student_MEAS_Perceptions_of_Islam_and_Isla
mic_Moderation_A_Case_Study/links/60e65c59b8c0d5588cde7af6/Middle-East-African-Student-MEAS-
Perceptions-of-Islam-and-Islamic-Moderation-A-Case-Study.pdf.
7
A Hanieh, “Variegated finance capital and the political economy of Islamic Banking in the Gulf,”
New political economy (2020), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13563467.2019.1613354.
8
A R Subarkah, “Diplomasi pariwisata halal nusa tenggara barat,” Intermestic: Journal of
International Studies (2018), http://intermestic.unpad.ac.id/index.php/intermestic/article/view/73.
9
A Fithria et al., “Management ownership and the performance of Islamic microfinance
institutions: a panel data analysis of Indonesian Islamic rural banks,” … Islamic and Middle Eastern …
(2021), https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2020-0257/full/html.
10
A Mas’ ud, A Z Fuad, dan A Zaini, “Evolution and orientation of Islamic education in Indonesia
and Malaysia,” Journal of Indonesian Islam (2019), http://repository.uinsa.ac.id/id/eprint/799/.
Pembahasan
11
T Rossotti, “Indonesian Political Economy: A Historical Analysis,” The Rest (therestjournal.com,
2019), https://therestjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/The-Rest-Vol.-9-No.-1.pdf#page=34.
12
M M Ali et al., “Islamic financial inclusion determinants in Indonesia: an ANP approach,” … and
Middle Eastern Finance … (2020), https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-01-
2019-0007/full/html.
13
R Mariana, Y Janwari, dan A H Ridwan, “Exploring Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought In
Indonesia,” al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic … (2023), https://al-
afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/748.
14
J S Watkins dan J S Watkins, “Islamic Economics and Political Economy,” … Capitalism: An
Alternative to the Market Economy (2020), https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-59840-
2_10.
15
I Nawawi, “Sejarah Nalar Diplomasi Politik Indonesia di Kawasan Timur Tengah,” Millati:
Journal of Islamic Studies and … (2018),
https://millati.iainsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/millati/article/view/1992.
16
H Liu dan G Lim, “The political economy of a rising China in Southeast Asia: Malaysia’s response
to the Belt and Road Initiative,” China’s New Global Strategy (2020),
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429317002-11/political-economy-rising-
china-southeast-asia-hong-liu-guanie-lim.
Di Timur Tengah, berbagai negara seperti Arab Saudi dan Uni Emirat Arab
telah mengadopsi regulasi yang mendukung praktik ekonomi syariah19. Uni
Emirat Arab, misalnya, telah membentuk Komisi Keuangan dan Ekonomi
Syariah untuk mengawasi industri keuangan syariah. Selain itu, pemerintah di
wilayah ini juga memberikan insentif bagi perusahaan yang beroperasi sesuai
dengan prinsip syariah, seperti pembebasan pajak dan kemudahan izin usaha.
17
F H M Liu dan K P Y Lai, “Ecologies of green finance: Green sukuk and development of green
Islamic finance in Malaysia,” Environment and Planning A: Economy … (2021),
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0308518X211038349.
18
A Hanieh, “New geographies of financial power: global Islamic finance and the Gulf,” Third
World Quarterly (2020), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2019.1675505.
19
M A Najib dan A K Fata, “Islam Wasatiyah dan Kontestasi Wacana Moderatisme Islam di
Indonesia,” Jurnal Theologia (academia.edu, 2020),
https://www.academia.edu/download/65097021/2020_Islam_Wasathiyah.pdf.
20
H Daulay, “Dinamika Dakwah dan Politik Islam di Malaysia (Kajian Manajemen Dakwah dan
Politik Partai Islam PAS),” Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah … (2020), http://jurnal.iain-
padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/Tadbir/article/view/2482.
21
I S Wahyuni-TD, H Haron, dan Y Fernando, “The effects of good governance and fraud
prevention on performance of the zakat institutions in Indonesia: a Sharīʿah forensic accounting
perspective,” … of Islamic and Middle Eastern … (2021),
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-03-2019-0089/full/html.
22
L Rethel, “Corporate Islam, global capitalism and the performance of economic moralities,”
New Political Economy (2019), https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13563467.2018.1446925.
23
Daulay, “Dinamika Dakwah dan Politik Islam di Malaysia (Kajian Manajemen Dakwah dan
Politik Partai Islam PAS).”
24
Wahyuni-TD, Haron, dan Fernando, “The effects of good governance and fraud prevention on
performance of the zakat institutions in Indonesia: a Sharīʿah forensic accounting perspective.”
25
Rethel, “Corporate Islam, global capitalism and the performance of economic moralities.”
26
M Muaidi dan M Ridawati, “KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK PERBANKAN SYARIAH,” … :
Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dan … (2022),
https://ojs.kopertais14.or.id/index.php/tafaqquh/article/view/267.
27
C B Utami, “Pengungkapan CSR Bank Syariah: Studi Komparasi Indonesia dan Malaysia,” Jurnal
Ekonomi Syariah (academia.edu, 2020), https://www.academia.edu/download/72366213/pdf.pdf.
Pengaruh Global
Timur Tengah, sebagai pusat Islam dunia, juga merasakan pengaruh global
yang signifikan dalam pengembangan ekonomi Islam. Investasi dari negara-
negara Arab dan berbagai lembaga keuangan global telah membantu
28
M S Hidayatullah, “Meniti Jejak Perbankan Syariah dari Klasik hingga Kontemporer,” … Jurnal
Ekonomi & Perbankan Syariah (2020),
http://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/index.php/iqtishadia/article/view/3221.
29
M Maksum, “The Relationship Model of Sharia and Financial Authorities,” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu
Syariah (core.ac.uk, 2020), https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/349795163.pdf.
30
S N Ali dan B A AlQuradaghi, “Publishing Islamic economics and finance research: polemics,
perceptions and prospects,” … journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern … (2019),
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-11-2017-0301/full/html.
31
Y Adriansyah dan Y S Wu, “COMPARING THE PERCEPTIONS OF INDONESIANS AND MALAYSIANS
TOWARD THE CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: FACTS AND TRENDS.,” Revista UNISCI (unisci.es, 2020),
https://www.unisci.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/UNISCIDP53-4YASMIpdf.pdf.
32
S Astuti, “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Corporate Social
Responsibility (Csr) Perbankan Syariah Di Timur Tengah,” Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (2019),
http://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/jebi/article/view/757.
33
N Saat, “The Impact of Non-Violent Muslim Extremism: Reflections on Indonesia and Malaysia,”
Muslim Politics Review (2023), https://journal.uiii.ac.id/index.php/mpr/article/view/141.
34
R E Caraka et al., “Indonesian Islamic moral incentives in credit card debt repayment: A feature
selection using various data mining,” … and Middle Eastern … (2022),
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2020-0408/full/html.
35
N Laila et al., “The intention of small and medium enterprises’ owners to participate in waqf:
the case of Malaysia and Indonesia,” … and Management (2022),
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2022-0014/full/html.
36
N Juhandi et al., “The Growth Of Sharia Banking In Asia,” … in Business, Economics …
(core.ac.uk, 2019), https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267833551.pdf.
37
H Rusliani, “Ekonomi syari’ah solusi dalam menghadapi krisis moneter (perbandingan
Malaysia–Indonesia),” Al-Amwal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syari’ah (2018),
https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/amwal/article/view/3518.
Dampak Sektoral
Di Timur Tengah, sektor minyak dan gas alam menjadi salah satu sektor
yang paling terdampak oleh pengembangan ekonomi Islam40. Negara-negara di
38
R Nurhuda, “Pengaruh Sosial Politik dan Budaya Terhadap Produk Hukum Keluarga di
Malaysia,” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law &Family … (2022),
https://jurnal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/syakhsiyyah/article/view/75.
39
S Susilo dan R P Dalimunthe, “Moderate southeast asian islamic education as a parent culture
in deradicalization: Urgencies, strategies, and challenges,” Religions (2019),
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/10/1/45.
40
F A Mansyuroh, “Peluang Dan Tantangan Bisnis Hotel Syariah Pada Masyarakat Kosmopolitan,”
Jurnal Studi Ekonomi (pdfs.semanticscholar.org, 2018),
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/665b/804e8337a67143f47b61dd46ed9fa7cf1b9c.pdf.
41
BWDHB Wahyu, “KOMPARASI MODEL KURIKULUM BAHASA ARAB DI INDONESIA, ASIA
TENGGARA DAN TIMUR TENGAH,” LUGATUNA: Jurnal Prodi PBA (2023),
http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/LUGATUNA/article/view/12458.
42
G Burton, “Middle power behavior under multipolarity: Indonesia and Malaysia in the Middle
East since the Arab uprisings,” Asian Politics & Policy (2021),
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/aspp.12577.
43
N Muchtar et al., “Journalism and the Islamic worldview: Journalistic roles in Muslim-majority
countries,” Comparing … (2020),
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429344930-3/journalism-islamic-
worldview-nurhaya-muchtar-basyouni-ibrahim-hamada-thomas-hanitzsch-ashraf-galal-mohammad-
sahid-ullah.
44
H Moslem, “ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM KONTEMPORER DI
INDONESIA,” Taraadin: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam (2023),
https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/taraadin/article/view/15145.
45
T Dudlák, “After the sanctions: Policy challenges in transition to a new political economy of the
Iranian oil and gas sectors,” Energy policy (2018),
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421518304221.
Daftar Pustaka
Adriansyah, Y, dan Y S Wu. “Comparing The Perceptions Of Indonesians And
Malaysians Toward The China’s Belt And Road Initiative: Facts And
Trends.” Revista UNISCI. unisci.es, 2020. https://www.unisci.es/wp-
content/uploads/2020/05/UNISCIDP53-4YASMIpdf.pdf.
Ali, M M, A Devi, H Furqani, dan H Hamzah. “Islamic financial inclusion
determinants in Indonesia: an ANP approach.” … and Middle Eastern Finance
… (2020).
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-01-
2019-0007/full/html.
Ali, S N, dan B A AlQuradaghi. “Publishing Islamic economics and finance
research: polemics, perceptions and prospects.” … journal of Islamic and
Middle Eastern … (2019).
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-11-
2017-0301/full/html.
Alshater, M M, M K Hassan, A Khan, dan ... “Influential and intellectual structure
of Islamic finance: a bibliometric review.” … Middle Eastern Finance … (2021).
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-08-
2020-0419/full/html.
Astuti, S. “Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Corporate
Social Responsibility (Csr) Perbankan Syariah Di Timur Tengah.” Jurnal
Ekonomi dan Bisnis (2019).
http://jurnal.unikal.ac.id/index.php/jebi/article/view/757.
Burton, G. “Middle power behavior under multipolarity: Indonesia and Malaysia
in the Middle East since the Arab uprisings.” Asian Politics & Policy (2021).
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/aspp.12577.
Caraka, R E, F A Hudaefi, P Ugiana, dan ... “Indonesian Islamic moral incentives
in credit card debt repayment: A feature selection using various data
mining.” … and Middle Eastern … (2022).
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMEFM-08-