BIJIH BESI & AGLOMERISASI

Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

Ir. Bustanul Arifin, M.Phil.Eng

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

University of Indonesia
2007

University of
Jenis Bijih Besi
Indonesia

ƒ Jenis oksida (terbanyak)

Magnetit (Fe3O4) Æ Fe ≈ 60 – 70 %
Hematit (Fe2O3) Æ Fe ≈ 55 – 60 %

ƒ Jenis Hidroksida
Æ Hematit yang teroksidasi oleh air
Fe2O3.x H2O = Laterit
kadar Fe rendah
Fe2O3. H2O = Goethit
Fe = 20 – 50 %
Fe2O3.3 H2O = Limonit

ƒ Jenis karbonat
FeCO3 = Siderit
Fe ≈ 30 – 40 %
FeCO3 Æ Fe2O3 + CO2
ƒ Jenis Titanious Ferrous (FeO.TiO2) = Pasir Besi

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Jenis Bijih Besi
Indonesia

Goethite Limonite Magnetite

Hematite
Metallurgy Hematite
and Materials Engineering Department UI Hematite

University of
Bijih Besi di Indonesia
Indonesia

Bijih besi di Indonesia

Kualitas
Prospek ada/ Masih dalam
Kuantitas penyelidikan
Jenis Hematit / Magnetit
Gunung Talang (Kal-Sel) .. juta ton
50 – 70 % Fe
Sumatra / Flores …. juta ton
Pulau Sebuku, Kal-Bar ???
Jenis Titani Ferrous
Pantai selatan Jawa (Jogja) 230 juta ton Æ Fe ≈ 12-30 %

Raw material semen

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Bijih besi

University of
Indonesia Fe tinggi Fe rendah

Pemurnian
> 6 mm < 6 mm
konsentrat ( Fe tinggi )
ukuran rendah

Aglomerisasi (Pellet , Sinter)

> 6 mm
Lump ore

Export
Blast Furnace = Pig Iron (Hot Metal)
Reduksi Langsung = Sponge Iron Pellet

Ukuran 6 mm Æ batas undersize yang masih dapat diolah

Umumnya berukuran 12 – 30 mm
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Pengolahan Bijih Besi
Indonesia

Sinter

Fe tinggi

Iron ore Lump ore

Blast F’ce Foundry

Pig Iron
Pellet
Ukuran halus
Fe rendah

First Step : Tentukan Steel Plant

Red Lgsng
Kualitas dan Kuantitas
Cadangan Bijih Besi
Sponge Iron
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Proses pemurnian Bijih Besi
Indonesia

ƒ Meningkatkan kandungan Fe pada ‘low grade raw

ore”
ƒ Memisahkan senyawa yang tidak diinginkan
ƒ Penghalusan ukuran bijih besi (< 2 mm) untuk dapat
dibuat pellet
ƒ Proses yang dilakukan antara lain:
ƒ Washing of ore 1 6 y
ƒ Crushing/ grinding 2 7
ƒ Gravimetry (Classifier) 3 8
ƒ Magnetic separator 4 9
ƒ Flotation 5 x
TUGAS BUAT DETAIL PROSES TERSEBUT

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Crushing dan Screening

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Milling dan Spiral Classifier
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Magnetic Separator Process

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Spiral
Classifier
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Iron Ore Dressing

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Pengolahan Latheritic Ore di Indonesia
University of
Indonesia

ƒ Proses penambangan dan pemurnian dari bijih besi muda

(bijih besi laterit) di Indonesia telah dilakukan oleh 2 (dua)
perusahaan, yaitu :

1. PT. KRAKATAU STEEL (Persero)

- Project began : Oktober 2006
- Kapasitas : 100 ton per hari

2. PT. SILO (Sebuku Iron Lateritic Ores)

- Project began : 2000 (actual start-up 2003)
- Kapasitas : 2,000 – 2,500 ton per hari

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Mining & Processing Operations
University of
of Latheritic Ore in Indonesia
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Alasan Aglomerisasi
Indonesia

ƒ Tidak semua bijih besi memiliki kadar Fe

tinggi untuk diolah di tanur tinggi
ƒ Ukuran yang seragam diperlukan agar :
ƒ optimum rate of gas flow
ƒ uniform gas flow , with a minimum of
channeling
ƒ Ukuran partikel kecil , menyebabkan adanya
sejumlah fine material yang keluar tanur dan
masuk ke ‘gas recovery’ system

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Proses Aglomerisasi
Indonesia

ƒ Kriteria pemilihan
ƒ ukuran partikel > 2 mm Æ sinter
ƒ ukuran partikel < 0,2 mm Æ pellet
ƒ Lokasi Pembuatan
ƒ Sinter Æ biasanya dekat TT
ƒ Pellet Æ biasanya dekat penambangan

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Proses Pembuatan Pelet
Indonesia

ƒ Dikembangkan dalam rangka pemanfaatan bijih besi

yang halus
ƒ Green pellet (pellet mentah)
ƒ Partikel bijih besi halus yang dicampur oleh air dan
bentonit, digumpalkan melalui proses rotasi sehingga
terjadi bola-bola aglomerat (kekuatan 20 – 50 N/ pellet)
ƒ Burn pellet (pellet bakar)
ƒ bola-bola aglomerat dikeraskan dengan cara dibakar
pada: conveyor belt, grate kiln atau shaft furnace
ƒ (kekuatan hingga 2500 N/ pellet)

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Pellet Mentah (Green Pellet)
Indonesia

Bijih besi halus dengan campuran

Bentonit : 8,3 - 10 kg/ ton of feed
% air : 9 – 12 % ??? (4-7%)

ukuran pellet : ± 8 – 30 mm
β Æ biasanya 10 – 15 mm

Kekuatan Green pellet :

20 – 50 N / pellet

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Pelletasi
Indonesia

ƒFaktor penentu
ƒ kadar air harus optimal
ƒ kehalusan partikel
ƒ penambahan bentonit
ƒ kadar bahan sampingan
ƒ diameter , kecepatan piringan

ƒ jika kekuatan green pellet rendah Æ dibakar (T = 1000 oC)

ƒ agar kekuatan : 2500 N/pellet
ƒ Alat : ƒShaft furnace
ƒGrate kiln
ƒTraveling gate / conveyor belt
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University of
Proses Pelletasi
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Pellet Bakar (Burn Pellet)
Indonesia

ƒ Dibakar 1000 OC, kekuatan : 2500 N/pellet

Grate Kiln

Traveling gate / conveyor belt

Shaft Furnace

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University of
Proses Sinter
Indonesia

Dalam proses ini bijih besi < 5 mm dicampur dengan

kokas :8% (bahan bakar)
air : 6-10 % (kemampuan ikat Fe tinggi)
Bahan sirkulasi : 10 – 30 %
Additiv :5% (CaO , Dolomit)

Dicampur (mixing drum)

Sinter machine
( lebar : ± 4 m ) kecepatan : 5 – 9 m/menit
(panjang : ± 100 m)

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Sinter Machine
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Proses Sinter
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Proses Sinter
Indonesia

ƒUmpan sinter diletakkan dalam alat panggang & dibakar

permukaannya (1300 – 1480 oC)
ƒSetelah terbakar Æ udara panas dihisap dari atas ke bawah
zona pembakaran bergerak dari atas ke bawah

h = 40-45 cm

dihisap Terbentuk sinter Æ pemecah Æ ukuran 6 – 25 mm (didinginkan)

< 6 mm Æ disirkulasikan

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Proses Sinter
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Lay Out
Sinter Plant

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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University of
Penutup
Indonesia

Sinter

Export
Fe tinggi

Iron ore Lump ore Foundry

Blast F’ce

Pig Iron
Pellet
Ukuran halus
Fe rendah Red Lgsng

Hylsa/ Midrex
SL/RN Sponge Iron
Rotary Hearth

Steel Plant

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Material Batu Besi daerah Garut

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Material Batu Besi yang diangkut dari lokasi
University of penambangan
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Mesin penghancur Bijih Besi

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Mesin Crushing/ Ball Mill
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Mesin Penghancur Bijih Besi

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Mesin Pencampur
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Mesin Pelletasi
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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 Dapur pembakaran pellet mentah
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

Generator Listrik
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

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