59,072 3,162
= 𝑓( )( )
0,08732 2 𝑥 9,81
= (676,5)(0,508)𝑓
= 343,67𝑓
Kerugian pada gate valve (h2)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣 2
ℎ2 = 𝑓 ( ) ( )
𝑑 2𝑔
3,162
= 𝑓(13) ( )
2 𝑥 9,81
= (13)(0,508)𝑓
= 6,604𝑓
Kerugian pada elbow 450 (h3)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣 2
ℎ3 = 𝑓 ) ( ) (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤 450 )
(
𝑑 2𝑔
3,162
= 𝑓(16) ( ) (1)
2 𝑥 9,81
= (16)(0,508)𝑓
= 8,128𝑓
Kerugian pada elbow 900 (h4)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣 2
ℎ4 = 𝑓 ( ) ( ) (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤 900 )
𝑑 2𝑔
3,162
= 𝑓(30) ( ) (13)
2 𝑥 9,81
= (30)(0,508)(13)𝑓
= 198,12𝑓
𝜌. 𝑣. 𝑑
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
(954,12) (3,160)(0,08732)
=
2, 82 𝑥 10−4
= 93,35 𝑥 104
Menghitung nilai kekasaran pipa
𝜖 4,6 𝑥 10−5
=
𝑑 8,7𝑥10−2
= 0,52 𝑥 10−3
20,392 1,382
= 𝑓( )( )
131,78 19,62
= (154,74)(0,97)𝑓
= 15,009𝑓
Kerugian pada gate valve (h2)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣2
ℎ2 = 𝑓 ( ) ( ) (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑔𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒)
𝑑 2. 𝑔
= 𝑓(13)(0,097)(3)
= (3,783)𝑓
Kerugian pada elbow std 900 (h3)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣2
ℎ3 = 𝑓 ( ) ( ) (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤)
𝑑 2. 𝑔
= 𝑓(30)(0,097)(5)
= (14,55)𝑓
Mencari nilai Reynold number
𝜌. 𝑣. 𝑑
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
(954,12) (1,3)(0,08732)
=
2,82 𝑥 10−4
= 3,8 𝑥 105
Mencari nilai kekasaran pipa
𝜀 4,6 𝑥 10−5
=
𝑑 1,3178
= 3,49 𝑥 10−4
Dari diagram moody nilai f = 0,015
= ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3
= 15,009𝑓 + 3,783 + 14,55𝑓
= 33,342𝑓
= 33,342(0,015)
= 0,52 𝑚
Mencari nilai kerugian energi pada pipa suction 8”
Diketahui
Panjang pipa (Lp) = 18,348 m
Jumlah elbow 450 =1
Jumlah elbow std 900 =4
Jumlah butterfly valve =1
Length equivalent elbow 450 = 16
Length equivalent elbow 900 = 30
Length equivalent butterfly valve = 40
Inside diameter = 0,17464 m
Grafitasi = 9,81 m/s2
Flow rate = 68,13 m3/h = 0,018925 m3/s
Flow area = 2,39 x 10-2 m2
18,348 0,792
= 𝑓( )( )
0,17464 19,62
= (105,06)(0,0318)𝑓
= 3,34𝑓
Kerugian pada elbow 450 (h2)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣2
ℎ2 = 𝑓 ( ) ( )
𝑑 2. 𝑔
= 𝑓(16)(0,318)
= (2,0352)𝑓
Kerugian pada elbow std 900 (h3)
𝑙𝑒 𝑣2
ℎ3 = 𝑓 ( ) ( ) (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑒𝑙𝑏𝑜𝑤)
𝑑 2. 𝑔
= 𝑓(30)(0,318)(4)
= (38,16)𝑓
Kerugian pada butterfly valve (h4)
𝐿𝑒 𝑣2
ℎ4 = 𝑓 ( ) ( )
𝑑 2. 𝑔
= 𝑓(40)(0,318)
= (1,272)𝑓
𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑅𝑒𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝜌 . 𝑣. 𝑑
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
(954,12) ( 0,79)( 0,17464)
=
2,82 𝑥 10−4
= 4,67 𝑥 105
Mencari nilai kekasaran pipa
𝜀 4,60 𝑥 10−5
=
𝑑 1,7464 𝑥 10−1
= 2,63 𝑥 10−4
Dari diagram moody nilai f = 0,0175
∑ ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 8"
= ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3 + ℎ4
= 3,34𝑓 + 2,0352𝑓 + 38,16𝑓 + 1,272𝑓
= 0,78 𝑚
Menghitung kerugian energi (head loss) pada pipa suction 12”
Diketahui
Panjang pipa (Lp) : 28,422 m
Jumlah elbow 900 :3
= ℎ1 + ℎ2 + ℎ3
= 0,033 + 0,73𝑓 + 0,6𝑓
= 0,0033 + 1,33𝑓
= 0,0033 + 1,33(0,185)
= 0,249 𝑚
Step 2
x = 250
x1 = 263
x2 = 300
y1 = 2961
y2 = 3064,6
𝑥 − 𝑥1
𝑦 = 𝑦1 + (𝑦 − 𝑦1 )
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2
263 − 250
= 2961 + (3064,6 − 2961)
300 − 250
= 2987,9
Setelah mendapat nilai entalpi maka daya turbin dapat dicari dengan persamaan sebagai berikut:
𝑃 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
= 485,04 𝐾𝑊
Step 4
𝛾. 𝑄. 𝐻
=
𝑃𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛
280,66 𝐾𝑊
= 𝑥 100%
485,04 𝐾𝑊
= 57,7%
Step Perhitungan
Head loss Major Gesekan fluida yang mengalir dengan dinding pipa
Step 1