Geotalk July 12, 2022 by Ir. Sindhu Rudianto, MSc. PE-compressed
Geotalk July 12, 2022 by Ir. Sindhu Rudianto, MSc. PE-compressed
oleh:
Sindhu Rudianto
Contoh :
Tebal tanah, H= 300 ft
= 100 m
Vs = 300 m/det
T = 4H / Vs = 1.2 s
(efek resonansi)
Kerusakan gempa
di Nicaragua
(1972) karena
adanya resonansi
tanah (Seed &
whitman)
• Pasir padat
• Stiff Clay
• Soft Clay
• PBA <0.1,
Impedansi rock/soil
& resonansi
• PBA >0.1 g,
Non-linier tanah
akibat degradasi
modulus dan damping
Faktor Fa & Fv
Ss= Sa @ T= 0.2 det (rock) > Vs = 760 m/sec
S1: Sa @ T=1 det (rock)
Fa: site amplification @ T = 0.1 - 0.5 det
Fv: site amplification @ T = 0.4- 2 det
Fa & Fv tergantung Vs 30 m dan basin depth.
Gempa Crustal @ Jakarta
M = 7, D = 25 km, Ss = 0.38 dan S1= 0.09
Fa = 1.42 (SD) & 1.53 (SE) (range T = 0.1 - 0.5 det)
Fv = 2.0 (SD) & 2.78 (SE) (range T= 0.4 - 2 det)
Gempa Subduksi @ Jakarta
M = 8, D = 100 km, Ss = 0.40 dan S1= 0.17
Fa = 1.63 (SD) & 1.60 (SE) (range T = 0.1 - 0.5 det)
Fv = 1.90 (SD) & 2.36 (SE) (range T = 0.4 - 2 det)
Gempa Crustal @ San Francisco
M = 8.5, D = 5 km, Ss = 1.00 dan S1= 0.43
Fa = 1.07 (SD) & 0.80 (SE) (range T = 0.1 - 0.5 det)
Fv = 2.13 (SD) & 2.53 (SE) (range T = 0.4 - 2 det)
Fa & Fv diambil dari back-analyses gempa Loma Prieta
(PGA= 0.1 g) dari studi Borcherdt (1994).
.
• Memakai kalibrasi
Recorded Motion di
Permukaan
• Memakai Vs terukur
• Parameter dinamis
tanah dari hasil lab test
• Diperoleh Fa & Fv
• Dasar Site Factor ASCE
7-10 (SNI-1726-2012)
Fa & Fv Berdasarkan SNI 2012 (ASCE 7-10)
Koefisien Situs, Fa
Koefisien Situs, Fv
Update Fa & Fv
Banyak recording gempa dari CA, Jepang & Taiwan,
terbentuk GMPE NGA-West untuk gempa crustal.
Parameter dinamis tanah lebih lengkap (hub.
Modulus/damping vs strain) dengan kalibrasi data
recording.
Analisa site respons lebih maju memakai randomization
Vs, bedrock, dinamis tanah etc.
Memakai Vs bedrock yang konsisten (1100 vs. 760 m/s)
GMPE model NGA West (2008)
berdasarkan data gempa dari 1144 sites
ln Y = f1 (M) + f2 (R) + f3 (F) + f4 (HW) + f5 (S) + εT
dimana: Y = median geometric mean ground motion intensity measure (IM)
f = fungsi magnitude (M)
R = jarak source-to-site
F = sytle faulting
HW = Hanging Wall effects
S = site conditions (depending on Vs30m)
Site factor NGA-West1
Site respons dilakukan oleh Walling (2008) memakai
Random Vibration theory (RVT) dimana Fourier Amplitude
Spectrum (FAS) didapat dari
Inverse RVT/ Point Source Theory
No need input motions
Variasi Site profile bisa ditinjau dengan randomisasi profil
Vs, Dynamic properties dan kedalaman bedrock
Dynamic soil Properties (EPRI)
Time Series vs. RVT Site Response
Randomization Vs & Soil Properties
G/Gmax vs Strain
(b)
Damping vs Strain
Computed Surface Response Spectrum
(EQL-RVT w/ randomization)
Comparisson of Surface Spectrum
(time series vs. RVT)
1.00
Spectral Acceleration
0.10
Low Vs
Mean Vs EQL-Time Series
(Synthetic Motions)
High Vs
Median ± Sigma EQL-RVT
Median With Randomization
0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (s)
Lebih besar
Fa versi PEER, SNI2012 & ASCE7-16
Koefisien Situs, Fa
Karena data gempa dengan Vs < 180 m/det ( site class SE) tidak banyak.
Tingkat ketidak pastian (epsitemic) lebih besar Karenanya Fa & Fv (PEER)
diambil lebih konservatif.
Fv versi PEER, SNI-2012 & ASCE7-16
Koefisien Situs, Fv
BFa & Fv di JKT & Ca
T=3 detik, M8
R40 lebih
mengontrol
(Bangunan
tinggi)
Spektrum berdasarkan probabilistic
berupa kurva hazard Sa @ t=1 detik
• Kumpulan deterministik untuk
resiko gempa yang sama
• Kurva spectrum SNI berupa
URS Analisa Time History hanya (1)
• Berlaku untuk semua perioda kali saja
CONDITIONAL MEAN
SPECTRUM (CMS)
Source characterization
Subduction (Interface M >6.5 , depth 10-50
km)
Subduction (intraslab, M > 6.5, depth 50-
300 km) Shallow crustal fault (M> 6.5,
depth< 20 km)
Shallow background (M< 6.5, depth < 50
km)
Each source uses different GMPEs and
recurrence models
Seismic Source Influencing Jakarta
Hazard Curves @ T=0.2,1 & 3 sec.
Hazard
Deagreggation
@ 3 sec controlled by:
Background (2%), M = 6.3 & Dist =
30 km
Intraslab (33%), M = 7.5 & Dist = 150
km
Interface (65%), M = 8.6 & Dist 200
km
GROUND MOTION MCER (SNI-2019)
Depth Distance Vs
Source Event Mw Legends
(km) (km) (m/sec)
1. Vs PROFILE DOWN TO 30 M
2. SHEAR MODULUS AND DAMPING VS. STRAIN
3. DEPTH TO BEDROCK
4. ROCK MOTION PROPAGATE TO SURFACE
5. COMPUTATION USING EQUIVALENT LINIER
BY PROGRAM “SHAKE”
DS test results on BHSA
Dynamic Soil Properties
Depth to Bedrock
Vs Modeling
Site respons results
Amplification SHAKE
Amplification PSHA for Soil using GMPE
( Vs= 250 m/sec)
Amplification Design
Design Surface UHS
TERIMA KASIH